ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯒ꯭ꯔꯣꯏꯟꯗꯁꯨ ꯂꯝ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯂꯩꯕ꯭ꯔꯥ? ‘ꯏꯉ꯭ꯒꯨꯏꯅꯥꯜ ꯍꯔꯅꯤꯌꯥ’ ꯑꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯥꯡꯗꯥ ꯋꯥꯔꯤ ꯁꯥꯁꯤ꯫

ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯅꯥ ꯀꯣꯛ ꯆꯤꯀꯄꯥ ꯃꯇꯃꯗꯥ, ꯑꯔꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯄꯣꯠꯁꯛ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯂꯧꯊꯣꯀꯄꯥ ꯃꯇꯃꯗꯥ ꯅꯠꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯇꯣꯏꯂꯦꯠꯇꯥ ꯈꯔꯥ ꯁꯣꯀꯄꯥ ꯃꯇꯃꯗꯁꯨ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯒ꯭ꯔꯣꯏꯟ ꯑꯦꯔꯤꯌꯥꯗꯥ ꯑꯅꯥꯕꯥ ꯂꯩꯕ꯭ꯔꯥ? ꯅꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯃꯐꯝ ꯑꯗꯨꯗꯥ ꯊꯣꯀꯄꯥ ꯑꯄꯤꯀꯄꯥ ꯂꯪꯂꯥ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯅꯥ ꯎꯕꯥ ꯐꯪꯂꯕ꯭ꯔꯥ? ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯅꯥ ꯂꯦꯡ-ꯑꯣꯠꯄꯗꯥ ꯅꯠꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯂꯦꯡ-ꯑꯣꯠꯄꯥ ꯃꯇꯃꯗꯥ ꯂꯝ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯎꯕꯥ ꯐꯪꯂꯃꯒꯅꯤ꯫ ꯃꯁꯤ ꯑꯩꯈꯣꯌꯅꯥ ꯍꯤꯗꯥꯛ-ꯂꯥꯡꯊꯛꯇꯥ ‘ꯏꯉ꯭ꯒꯨꯏꯅꯦꯜ ꯍꯔꯅꯤꯌꯥ’ ꯍꯥꯌꯅꯥ ꯀꯧꯏ꯫ ꯃꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯇꯥꯕꯗꯥ ꯂꯥꯡꯇꯛꯅꯒꯅꯨ, ꯃꯁꯤ ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯀꯃꯟ ꯑꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯀꯟꯗꯤꯁꯟ ꯑꯃꯅꯤ꯫ ꯉꯁꯤ ꯑꯩꯈꯣꯌꯅꯥ ꯋꯥꯐꯝ ꯈꯨꯗꯤꯡꯃꯛ ꯑꯗꯣꯝꯅꯥ ꯈꯉꯕꯤꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯕꯥ ꯏꯆꯝ ꯆꯝꯕꯥ ꯃꯑꯣꯡꯗꯥ ꯋꯥꯔꯤ ꯁꯥꯅꯒꯅꯤ꯫

ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯂꯥꯏꯅꯥ ꯍꯥꯌꯔꯕꯗꯥ, ꯃꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯍꯔꯅꯤꯌꯥ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯀꯔꯤꯅꯣ?

ꯑꯩꯈꯣꯌꯒꯤ ꯈꯣꯡꯒꯤ ꯃꯅꯨꯡꯗꯥ ꯂꯩꯕꯥ ꯑꯣꯔꯒꯥꯅꯁꯤꯡ (ꯑꯩꯈꯣꯌꯒꯤ ꯏꯟꯇꯦꯁ꯭ꯇꯥꯏꯅꯒꯨꯝꯅꯥ) ꯑꯁꯤ ꯃꯄꯥꯉ꯭ꯒꯜ ꯀꯅꯕꯥ ꯃꯁꯂꯒꯤ ꯂꯦꯡ-ꯑꯣꯠꯄꯅꯥ ꯉꯥꯀꯊꯣꯀꯄꯅꯤ ꯍꯥꯌꯅꯥ ꯈꯜꯂꯨ꯫ ꯃꯅꯨꯡꯗꯥ ꯄꯣꯠꯆꯩ ꯂꯩꯕꯥ ꯕꯦꯒ ꯑꯃꯒꯨꯝꯕꯅꯤ꯫ ꯀꯔꯤꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯃꯇꯃꯗꯥ ꯃꯁꯂꯒꯤ ꯂꯦꯡ-ꯑꯣꯠꯄꯒꯤ ꯃꯑꯣꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯁꯣꯟꯊꯔꯀꯏ꯫ ꯑꯗꯨꯗꯒꯤ ꯃꯍꯧꯁꯥꯅꯥ ꯏꯟꯇꯦꯁ꯭ꯇꯥꯏꯅꯒꯤ ꯁꯔꯨꯛ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯑꯣꯏꯔꯤꯕꯥ ꯑꯦꯕꯗꯣꯃꯦꯅꯒꯤ ꯃꯅꯨꯡꯗꯥ ꯂꯩꯕꯥ ꯇꯤꯁꯨ ꯑꯃꯅꯥ ꯑꯁꯣꯀꯄꯥ ꯃꯐꯝ ꯑꯗꯨꯗꯥ ꯆꯦꯟꯊꯔꯀꯏ꯫ ꯃꯗꯨ ꯑꯩꯈꯣꯌꯅꯥ ꯍꯔꯅꯤꯌꯥ ꯍꯥꯌꯅꯥ ꯀꯧꯏ꯫

ꯃꯁꯤꯕꯨ ‘ꯏꯉ꯭ꯒꯨꯏꯅꯦꯜ ꯍꯔꯅꯤꯌꯥ’ ꯍꯥꯌꯅꯥ ꯀꯧꯏ ꯃꯔꯃꯗꯤ ꯃꯁꯤ ꯒ꯭ꯔꯣꯏꯟ (groin)ꯗꯥ ꯊꯣꯀꯏ, ꯍꯥꯌꯕꯗꯤ ꯈꯣꯡꯅꯥ ꯍꯧꯔꯀꯄꯥ ꯃꯐꯃꯗꯨꯗꯥ ꯊꯣꯀꯏ꯫ ꯃꯁꯤ ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯁꯥꯊꯤꯕꯥ ꯑꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ, ꯃꯔꯝ ꯑꯗꯨꯅꯥ ꯂꯥꯏꯑꯣꯡꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯌꯦꯡꯊꯤꯅꯕꯥ ꯍꯥꯌꯕꯁꯤ ꯑꯐꯕꯥ ꯋꯥꯈꯜꯂꯣꯟ ꯑꯃꯅꯤ꯫ ꯃꯍꯧꯁꯥꯅꯥ, ꯗꯣꯛꯇꯔ ꯑꯃꯅꯥ ꯅꯍꯥꯀꯄꯨ ꯌꯦꯡꯁꯤꯟꯗꯨꯅꯥ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯅꯥ ꯃꯁꯤ ꯂꯩꯕ꯭ꯔꯥ ꯍꯥꯌꯕꯗꯨ ꯐꯖꯅꯥ ꯈꯪꯕꯥ ꯉꯝꯃꯤ꯫

ꯍꯔꯅꯤꯌꯥꯒꯤ ꯂꯥꯏꯑꯣꯡꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯀꯔꯤꯅꯣ?

ꯀꯔꯤꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯅꯥ ꯏꯅꯒꯨꯏꯅꯦꯜ ꯍꯔꯅꯤꯌꯥ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯂꯩꯔꯕꯗꯤ, ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯅꯥ ꯑꯁꯤꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯄꯣꯠꯁꯀꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯐꯥꯎꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ꯫ ꯂꯥꯏꯑꯣꯡꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯀꯔꯤꯅꯣ ꯍꯥꯌꯕꯗꯨ ꯌꯦꯡꯁꯤ꯫

ꯍꯔꯅꯤꯌꯥꯒꯤ ꯃꯔꯃꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯀꯅꯥꯅꯥ ꯍꯦꯟꯅꯥ ꯔꯤꯁ꯭ꯛ ꯂꯩꯕꯒꯦ?

ꯍꯔꯅꯤꯌꯥꯒꯤ ꯃꯔꯨꯑꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯃꯈꯜ ꯑꯅꯤ ꯂꯩ꯫ ꯑꯃꯅꯥ ꯀꯣꯟꯖꯤꯅꯤꯑꯦꯜ ꯍꯔꯅꯤꯌꯥ (Indirect Hernia) . ꯃꯁꯤ ꯃꯃꯥꯒꯤ ꯈꯣꯡꯗꯥ ꯑꯉꯥꯡ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯄꯣꯀꯄꯥ ꯃꯇꯃꯗꯥ ꯒ꯭ꯔꯨꯏꯅꯒꯤ ꯃꯍꯧꯁꯥꯒꯤ ꯑꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯑꯍꯥꯡꯕꯥ ꯃꯐꯝ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯃꯑꯣꯡ ꯆꯨꯝꯅꯥ ꯂꯣꯠꯄꯥ ꯉꯃꯗꯕꯥ ꯃꯇꯃꯗꯥ ꯊꯣꯀꯄꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ꯫ ꯑꯇꯣꯞꯄꯥ ꯃꯈꯜ ꯑꯗꯨꯗꯤ ꯇꯨꯡꯗꯥ ꯂꯥꯀꯄꯥ ꯍꯔꯅꯤꯌꯥ (Direct Hernia) . ꯃꯁꯤ ꯑꯩꯈꯣꯌꯅꯥ ꯆꯍꯤ ꯌꯥꯃꯈꯠꯂꯀꯄꯒꯥ ꯂꯣꯌꯅꯅꯥ ꯃꯁꯂꯁꯤꯡ ꯁꯣꯟꯊꯔꯀꯄꯥ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯈꯣꯡꯒꯤ ꯃꯅꯨꯡꯗꯥ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯦꯁꯔ ꯍꯦꯅꯒꯠꯍꯅꯕꯥ ꯄꯣꯠꯁꯀꯁꯤꯡꯅꯥ ꯊꯣꯀꯏ꯫

ꯍꯧꯖꯤꯛ ꯀꯅꯥꯅꯥ ꯍꯔꯅꯤꯌꯥ ꯂꯥꯀꯄꯒꯤ ꯔꯤꯁ꯭ꯛ ꯍꯦꯅꯒꯠꯂꯛꯂꯤꯕꯅꯣ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯀꯔꯤ ꯃꯔꯃꯁꯤꯡꯅꯥ ꯂꯩꯕꯒꯦ ꯍꯥꯌꯕꯗꯨ ꯌꯦꯡꯁꯤ꯫

• ꯅꯨꯄꯥ ꯑꯣꯏꯕꯥ: ꯅꯨꯄꯥꯁꯤꯡꯅꯥ ꯅꯨꯄꯤꯁꯤꯡꯗꯒꯤ ꯆꯥꯎꯔꯥꯛꯅꯥ ꯁꯔꯨꯛ 8 ꯍꯦꯟꯅꯥ ꯍꯔꯅꯤꯌꯥ ꯂꯥꯀꯄꯒꯤ ꯆꯥꯡ ꯍꯦꯜꯂꯤ꯫ ꯃꯁꯤ ꯅꯨꯄꯥꯒꯤ ꯍꯀꯆꯥꯡꯒꯤ ꯁ꯭ꯠꯔꯀꯆꯔꯅꯥ ꯃꯔꯝ ꯑꯣꯏꯗꯨꯅꯥ ꯑꯣꯏꯔꯤ꯫
• ꯆꯍꯤ ꯌꯥꯃꯈꯠꯂꯀꯄꯥ : ꯑꯩꯈꯣꯌꯅꯥ ꯆꯍꯤ ꯌꯥꯃꯈꯠꯂꯀꯄꯒꯥ ꯂꯣꯌꯅꯅꯥ ꯑꯩꯈꯣꯌꯒꯤ ꯍꯀꯆꯥꯡꯒꯤ ꯃꯁꯂꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯃꯍꯧꯁꯥꯅꯥ ꯁꯣꯟꯊꯔꯀꯏ꯫
• ꯏꯃꯨꯡꯒꯤ ꯍꯤꯁ꯭ꯇꯔꯤ : ꯀꯔꯤꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯏꯃꯨꯡꯒꯤ ꯃꯤꯑꯣꯏ ꯑꯃꯗꯥ (ꯃꯃꯥ, ꯃꯄꯥ, ꯃꯆꯤꯟ-ꯃꯅꯥꯑꯣ) ꯍꯔꯅꯤꯌꯥ ꯂꯩꯔꯕꯗꯤ, ꯅꯍꯥꯀꯁꯨ ꯍꯥꯔꯅꯤꯌꯥ ꯂꯥꯀꯄꯒꯤ ꯑꯄꯤꯀꯄꯥ ꯔꯤꯁ꯭ꯛ ꯂꯩ꯫
• ꯀ꯭ꯔꯣꯅꯤꯛ ꯀꯣꯐ (chronic cough): ꯑꯅꯥꯕꯥ ꯅꯠꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯃꯩꯈꯨ ꯁꯤꯖꯤꯟꯅꯕꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯀꯟꯗꯤꯁꯟ ꯑꯃꯅꯥ ꯃꯔꯝ ꯑꯣꯏꯗꯨꯅꯥ ꯂꯦꯡ-ꯑꯣꯠꯄꯅꯥ ꯃꯔꯝ ꯑꯣꯏꯗꯨꯅꯥ ꯏꯟꯠꯔꯥ-ꯑꯦꯕꯗꯣꯃꯤꯅꯦꯜ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯦꯁꯔ ꯍꯦꯅꯒꯠꯍꯜꯂꯤ꯫
• ꯀꯟꯁꯇꯤꯄꯁꯟ : ꯀꯔꯤꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯅꯥ ꯇꯣꯏꯂꯦꯠꯇꯥ ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯀꯟꯅꯥ ꯁꯣꯀꯍꯅꯕꯥ ꯇꯥꯔꯕꯗꯤ, ꯃꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯈꯣꯡꯗꯥ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯦꯁꯔ ꯍꯦꯅꯒꯠꯍꯅꯕꯁꯨ ꯌꯥꯏ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯍꯔꯅꯤꯌꯥ ꯊꯣꯀꯍꯜꯂꯀꯄꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ꯫
• ꯑꯔꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯋꯥꯡꯈꯠꯄꯥ : ꯆꯥꯡ ꯅꯥꯏꯅꯥ ꯑꯀꯅꯕꯥ ꯄꯣꯠ-ꯆꯩꯁꯤꯡ ꯂꯧꯊꯣꯀꯄꯥ ꯅꯠꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯑꯔꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯋꯥꯠꯄꯥ ꯃꯤꯑꯣꯏꯁꯤꯡꯗꯥ ꯍꯦꯟꯅꯥ ꯔꯤꯁ꯭ꯛ ꯂꯩ꯫
• ꯃꯤꯔꯣꯜꯂꯤꯉꯩ : ꯃꯤꯔꯣꯜꯂꯤꯉꯩ ꯃꯇꯃꯗꯥ, ꯈꯣꯡꯗꯥ ꯃꯁꯂꯁꯤꯡ ꯁꯣꯟꯊꯕꯥ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯈꯣꯡꯗꯥ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯦꯁꯔ ꯍꯦꯅꯒꯠꯂꯀꯄꯅꯥ ꯃꯔꯝ ꯑꯣꯏꯗꯨꯅꯥ ꯍꯔꯅꯤꯌꯥ ꯊꯣꯀꯄꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ꯫
• ꯑꯣꯕꯦꯁꯤꯇꯤ : ꯍꯀꯆꯥꯡꯒꯤ ꯑꯔꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯍꯦꯅꯒꯠꯂꯀꯄꯒꯥ ꯂꯣꯌꯅꯅꯥ ꯑꯦꯕꯗꯣꯃꯤꯅꯦꯜ ꯃꯁꯂꯁꯤꯡꯗꯥ ꯍꯦꯟꯅꯥ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯦꯁꯔ ꯄꯤ꯫

ꯅꯧꯅꯥ ꯄꯣꯀꯄꯥ ꯑꯉꯥꯡꯁꯤꯡꯗꯥ ꯍꯔꯅꯤꯌꯥ ꯂꯩꯕ꯭ꯔꯥ?

ꯍꯣꯌ, ꯅꯧꯅꯥ ꯄꯣꯀꯄꯥ ꯑꯉꯥꯡꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤꯗꯃꯛ, ꯃꯔꯨꯑꯣꯏꯅꯥ ꯃꯇꯝ ꯆꯥꯗꯅꯥ ꯄꯣꯀꯄꯥ ꯑꯉꯥꯡꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤꯗꯃꯛ꯫ꯏꯅꯒꯨꯏꯅꯦꯜ ꯍꯔꯅꯤꯌꯥ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯊꯣꯀꯄꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ꯫ ꯀꯔꯤꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯑꯉꯥꯡ ꯑꯗꯨꯅꯥ ꯀꯞꯄꯥ, ꯀꯣꯛ ꯆꯤꯀꯄꯥ ꯅꯠꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯈꯣꯝꯂꯥꯡ ꯄꯤꯊꯛꯂꯕꯗꯤ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯅꯥ ꯒ꯭ꯔꯣꯏꯟ ꯑꯦꯔꯤꯌꯥ ꯑꯗꯨꯗꯥ ꯑꯄꯤꯀꯄꯥ ꯄꯣꯃꯈꯠꯄꯥ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯎꯕꯥ ꯐꯪꯂꯕꯗꯤ, ꯋꯥꯈꯜ ꯇꯥꯕꯤꯌꯨ꯫ ꯀꯔꯤꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯑꯉꯥꯡ ꯑꯗꯨꯅꯥ ꯈꯣꯝꯂꯥꯡ ꯄꯤꯊꯀꯄꯗꯥ ꯑꯋꯥꯕꯥ ꯃꯥꯌꯣꯛꯅꯔꯕꯗꯤ ꯅꯠꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯇꯣꯏꯅꯥ ꯀꯞꯄꯥ ꯇꯥꯔꯕꯗꯤ, ꯃꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯥꯡꯗꯥ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯗꯣꯛꯇꯔꯒꯥ ꯇꯥꯟꯅꯧ꯫

ꯃꯁꯤ ꯀꯔꯝꯅꯥ ꯐꯪꯒꯅꯤ ꯗꯣꯛꯇꯔ?

ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯅꯥ ꯗꯣꯛꯇꯔ ꯑꯃꯗꯥ ꯆꯠꯄꯥ ꯃꯇꯃꯗꯥ, ꯃꯍꯥꯛꯅꯥ ꯑꯍꯥꯅꯕꯗꯥ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯂꯥꯏꯑꯣꯡꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯃꯔꯃꯗꯥ ꯍꯪꯒꯅꯤ꯫ ꯃꯗꯨꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯨꯡꯗꯥ ꯃꯍꯥꯛꯅꯥ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯒ꯭ꯔꯣꯏꯟ ꯑꯦꯔꯤꯌꯥ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯌꯦꯡꯁꯤꯅꯒꯅꯤ꯫ ꯃꯍꯥꯛꯅꯥ ꯅꯍꯥꯀꯄꯨ ꯂꯦꯡ-ꯑꯣꯠꯄꯗꯥ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯀꯣꯛ ꯅꯣꯟꯖꯅꯕꯥ ꯍꯥꯌꯔꯀꯄꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ꯫ ꯑꯗꯨꯗꯒꯤ ꯀꯔꯤꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯍꯔꯅꯤꯌꯥ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯂꯩꯔꯕꯗꯤ ꯃꯗꯨ ꯃꯌꯦꯛ ꯁꯦꯡꯅꯥ ꯊꯣꯛꯂꯛꯀꯅꯤ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯎꯕꯥ ꯐꯪꯒꯅꯤ꯫

ꯀꯔꯤꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯃꯇꯃꯗꯥ ꯗꯥꯏꯑꯦꯒ꯭ꯅꯣꯁꯤꯁ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯀꯅꯐꯥꯔꯝ ꯇꯧꯅꯕꯥ ꯑꯂꯠꯔꯥꯁꯥꯎꯟꯗ ꯁ꯭ꯀꯦꯟ ꯇꯧꯅꯕꯥ ꯑꯣꯔꯗꯔ ꯇꯧꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ꯫ ꯃꯁꯤ ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯏꯆꯝ ꯆꯝꯕꯥ, ꯑꯋꯥꯕꯥ ꯂꯩꯇꯕꯥ ꯇꯦꯁ꯭ꯠ ꯑꯃꯅꯤ꯫ ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯊꯨꯅꯥ, ꯁꯤ.ꯇꯤ.ꯁ꯭ꯀꯦꯟ ꯅꯠꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯑꯦꯝ.ꯑꯥꯔ.ꯑꯥꯏ .

ꯍꯔꯅꯤꯌꯥꯒꯤ ꯂꯥꯏꯌꯦꯡꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯀꯔꯤꯅꯣ?

ꯃꯔꯨꯑꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯋꯥꯐꯃꯗꯤ ꯍꯔꯅꯤꯌꯥ ꯑꯃꯅꯥ ꯃꯁꯥ ꯃꯊꯟꯇꯥ ꯀꯩꯗꯧꯉꯩꯗꯥ ꯐꯒꯠꯂꯀꯄꯥ ꯉꯃꯗꯦ . ꯃꯍꯧꯁꯥꯅꯥ ꯃꯈꯣꯌ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯃꯇꯃꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯨꯡꯏꯟꯅꯥ ꯍꯦꯟꯅꯥ ꯆꯥꯎꯈꯠꯂꯀꯏ꯫ ꯀꯔꯤꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯍꯔꯅꯤꯌꯥ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯑꯄꯤꯀꯄꯥ ꯑꯣꯏꯔꯕꯗꯤ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯅꯥ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯣꯕ꯭ꯂꯦꯝ ꯑꯃꯠꯇꯥ ꯂꯩꯠꯔꯕꯗꯤ, ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯗꯣꯛꯇꯔꯅꯥ ꯁꯔꯖꯔꯤ ꯇꯧꯗꯅꯥ ꯃꯇꯝ ꯈꯔꯥ ꯉꯥꯏꯅꯕꯥ ꯄꯥꯎꯇꯥꯛ ꯄꯤꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ꯫ ꯑꯗꯨꯝ ꯑꯣꯏꯅꯃꯛ, ꯀꯔꯤꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯍꯔꯅꯤꯌꯥ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯑꯆꯧꯕꯥ ꯑꯣꯏꯔꯕꯗꯤ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯑꯅꯥꯕꯥ ꯂꯩꯔꯕꯗꯤ ꯁꯔꯖꯔꯤ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯁꯣꯌꯗꯅꯥ ꯃꯊꯧ ꯇꯥꯏ꯫

ꯁꯔꯖꯔꯤꯒꯤ ꯃꯔꯨꯑꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯃꯈꯜ ꯑꯅꯤ ꯂꯩ:

1. ꯑꯣꯄꯟ ꯍꯔꯅꯤꯌꯥ ꯔꯤꯄꯦꯌꯥꯔ: ꯃꯁꯤꯗꯥ ꯍꯔꯅꯤꯌꯥꯒꯤ ꯃꯐꯝ ꯑꯗꯨꯗꯥ ꯑꯄꯤꯀꯄꯥ ꯏꯅꯁꯤꯁꯟ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯁꯦꯝꯕꯥ, ꯂꯧꯊꯣꯀꯈꯤꯕꯥ ꯇꯤꯁꯨ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯑꯃꯨꯛ ꯍꯟꯅꯥ ꯈꯣꯡꯒꯤ ꯃꯅꯨꯡꯗꯥ ꯊꯝꯕꯥ, ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯁꯣꯟꯊꯔꯕꯥ ꯃꯁꯜ ꯂꯦꯌꯥꯔ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯃꯄꯥꯉ꯭ꯒꯜ ꯀꯅꯈꯠꯍꯅꯕꯥ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯌꯥꯎꯏ꯫ ꯑꯌꯥꯝꯕꯥ ꯃꯇꯃꯗꯥ ꯃꯁꯤꯕꯨ ꯃꯄꯥꯉ꯭ꯒꯜ ꯀꯅꯈꯠꯍꯟꯅꯕꯥ ꯃꯦꯁꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯄꯣꯠꯁꯛ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯁꯤꯖꯤꯟꯅꯩ꯫

2. ꯂꯦꯄꯔꯣꯁ꯭ꯀꯣꯄꯤꯛ ꯍꯔꯅꯤꯌꯥ ꯔꯤꯄꯦꯌꯥꯔ: ꯃꯁꯤꯕꯨ ‘ꯃꯤꯅꯤꯃꯝ ꯏꯅꯚꯦꯁꯤꯚ ꯍꯔꯅꯤꯌꯥ ꯔꯤꯄꯦꯌꯥꯔ’ ꯍꯥꯌꯅꯥꯁꯨ ꯀꯧꯏ꯫ ꯑꯆꯧꯕꯥ ꯏꯅꯁꯤꯁꯟ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯁꯦꯝꯕꯒꯤ ꯃꯍꯨꯠꯇꯥ, ꯈꯣꯡꯗꯥ ꯑꯄꯤꯀꯄꯥ ꯍꯨꯔꯥꯅꯕꯥ ꯈꯔꯥ ꯈꯛꯇꯃꯛ ꯁꯦꯝꯃꯤ꯫ ꯀꯦꯃꯦꯔꯥ (ꯂꯦꯄꯥꯔꯣꯁ꯭ꯀꯣꯞ) ꯑꯃꯥ ꯍꯣꯜ ꯑꯃꯒꯤ ꯃꯅꯨꯡꯗꯥ ꯊꯥꯗꯨꯅꯥ ꯃꯣꯅꯤꯇꯔ ꯑꯃꯗꯥ ꯌꯦꯡꯁꯤꯜꯂꯤ, ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯍꯔꯅꯤꯌꯥ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯔꯤꯄꯦꯌꯥꯔ ꯇꯧꯅꯕꯥ ꯑꯇꯣꯞꯄꯥ ꯍꯣꯂꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯈꯨꯠꯊꯥꯡꯗꯥ ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯐꯖꯅꯥ ꯏꯅꯁ꯭ꯠꯔꯨꯃꯦꯟꯇꯁꯤꯡ ꯊꯥꯏ꯫ ꯃꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯃꯦꯊꯗ ꯑꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯑꯁꯣꯛ-ꯑꯄꯟ ꯍꯟꯊꯍꯜꯂꯤ, ꯌꯥꯡꯅꯥ ꯐꯒꯠꯂꯀꯏ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯑꯁꯣꯛ-ꯑꯄꯟ ꯍꯟꯊꯍꯜꯂꯤ꯫

ꯁꯔꯖꯔꯤ ꯇꯧꯗꯅꯥ ꯃꯇꯧ ꯀꯔꯝꯅꯥ ꯃꯦꯅꯦꯖ ꯇꯧꯒꯗꯒꯦ?

ꯀꯔꯤꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯍꯔꯅꯤꯌꯥ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯑꯄꯤꯀꯄꯥ ꯑꯣꯏꯔꯕꯗꯤ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯍꯧꯖꯤꯀꯁꯨ ꯁꯔꯖꯔꯤꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯝ ꯂꯩꯔꯕꯗꯤ, ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯅꯥ ꯅꯨꯡꯉꯥꯏꯇꯕꯥ ꯍꯟꯊꯍꯟꯅꯕꯥ ꯊꯕꯀꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯇꯧꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ:

• ꯈꯣꯡ ꯍꯥꯝꯕꯥ ꯊꯤꯡꯅꯕꯥ: ꯏꯁꯤꯡ ꯃꯔꯥꯡ ꯀꯥꯌꯅꯥ ꯊꯀꯎ꯫ ꯐꯥꯏꯕꯔ ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯌꯥꯎꯕꯥ ꯆꯤꯟꯖꯥꯀꯁꯤꯡ, ꯍꯥꯌꯕꯗꯤ ꯃꯅꯥ-ꯃꯁꯤꯡ, ꯎꯍꯩ-ꯋꯥꯍꯩꯁꯤꯡ, ꯂꯦꯡ-ꯑꯣꯠꯄꯒꯤ ꯃꯑꯣꯡ-ꯃꯇꯧ, ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯍꯣꯜ ꯒ꯭ꯔꯦꯅꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯗꯥꯏꯇꯇꯥ ꯌꯥꯎꯍꯅꯒꯗꯕꯅꯤ꯫
• ꯍꯀꯁꯦꯜ ꯐꯕꯥ ꯑꯔꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯊꯝꯕꯥ: ꯑꯔꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯍꯟꯊꯍꯅꯕꯅꯥ ꯃꯁꯂꯁꯤꯡꯗꯥ ꯄꯤꯔꯤꯕꯥ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯦꯁꯔ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯍꯟꯊꯍꯜꯂꯤ꯫
• ꯑꯀꯅꯕꯥ ꯑꯔꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯂꯧꯊꯣꯀꯄꯗꯒꯤ ꯂꯥꯞꯅꯥ ꯂꯩꯌꯨ:ꯌꯥꯔꯤꯕꯃꯈꯩ ꯑꯀꯅꯕꯥ ꯄꯣꯠꯁꯀꯁꯤꯡ ꯂꯧꯊꯣꯀꯎ꯫ ꯀꯔꯤꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯅꯥ ꯂꯤꯐꯠ ꯇꯧꯔꯕꯗꯤ, ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯈꯨꯎ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯀꯨꯄꯁꯤꯜꯂꯨ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯃꯑꯣꯡ ꯆꯨꯝꯅꯥ ꯂꯤꯐꯠ ꯇꯧ꯫

ꯀꯔꯤꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯍꯔꯅꯤꯌꯥ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯂꯥꯏꯌꯦꯡꯗꯅꯥ ꯂꯩꯔꯕꯗꯤ ꯀꯔꯤ ꯑꯣꯏꯒꯅꯤ?

ꯃꯁꯤ ꯑꯩꯈꯣꯌ ꯄꯨꯝꯅꯃꯛꯅꯥ ꯈꯉꯒꯗꯕꯥ ꯈ꯭ꯕꯥꯏꯗꯒꯤ ꯃꯔꯨ ꯑꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯋꯥꯐꯝꯅꯤ꯫ ꯀꯔꯤꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯍꯔꯅꯤꯌꯥ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯂꯥꯀꯁꯤꯅꯕꯥ ꯇꯥꯔꯕꯗꯤ, ꯃꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯈꯨꯗꯣꯡꯊꯤꯅꯤꯉꯥꯏ ꯑꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯀꯃꯞꯂꯤꯀꯦꯁꯅꯁꯤꯡ ꯊꯣꯀꯍꯅꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ꯫

1. ꯏꯅꯀꯔꯁꯦꯔꯦꯇꯦꯗ ꯍꯔꯅꯤꯌꯥ: ꯊꯣꯛꯂꯀꯄꯥ ꯏꯟꯇꯦꯁ꯭ꯇꯥꯏꯟ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯃꯁꯂꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯃꯔꯛꯇꯥ ꯆꯦꯟꯊꯈꯤꯗꯨꯅꯥ ꯑꯃꯨꯛ ꯍꯟꯅꯥ ꯄꯨꯁꯤꯜꯂꯀꯄꯥ ꯉꯃꯗꯦ, ꯃꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯑꯁꯣꯛ-ꯑꯄꯟ, ꯋꯥꯈꯜ ꯆꯔꯥꯡꯅꯕꯥ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯋꯥꯈꯜ ꯆꯔꯥꯡꯅꯕꯥ ꯊꯣꯀꯍꯅꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ꯫

2. ꯁ꯭ꯠꯔꯦꯡꯒꯨꯂꯦꯇꯦꯗ ꯍꯔꯅꯤꯌꯥ: ꯃꯁꯤ ꯃꯦꯗꯤꯀꯦꯜ ꯏꯃꯔꯖꯦꯟꯁꯤ ꯑꯃꯅꯤ . ꯀꯔꯤꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯏꯟꯇꯦꯁ꯭ꯇꯥꯏꯅꯒꯤ ꯁ꯭ꯠꯔꯦꯡꯒꯨꯂꯦꯠ ꯇꯧꯔꯕꯥ ꯁꯔꯨꯛ ꯑꯗꯨꯗꯥ ꯏꯒꯤ ꯁꯞꯂꯥꯏ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯀꯀꯊꯠꯂꯕꯗꯤ, ꯁꯔꯨꯛ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯁꯤꯕꯥ ꯍꯧꯔꯀꯏ꯫ ꯃꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯄꯨꯟꯁꯤꯗꯥ ꯈꯨꯗꯣꯡꯊꯤꯕꯥ ꯊꯣꯀꯍꯅꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ꯫