ꯖꯦ-ꯄꯥꯎꯆ ꯁꯔꯖꯔꯤꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯥꯡꯗꯥ ꯏꯆꯝ ꯆꯝꯕꯥ ꯋꯥꯍꯟꯊꯣꯛ ꯑꯃꯗꯥ ꯈꯉꯂꯁꯤ꯫

ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯗꯣꯛꯇꯔꯅꯥ ꯅꯍꯥꯀꯄꯨ ꯃꯦꯗꯤꯀꯦꯜ ꯀꯟꯗꯤꯁꯟ ꯑꯃꯅꯥ ꯃꯔꯝ ꯑꯣꯏꯗꯨꯅꯥ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯀꯣꯂꯣꯟ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯔꯦꯛꯇꯝ ꯄꯨꯝꯅꯃꯛ ꯂꯧꯊꯣꯀꯄꯥ ꯃꯊꯧ ꯇꯥꯏ ꯍꯥꯌꯅꯥ ꯈꯪꯍꯅꯈ꯭ꯔꯕꯔꯥ? ꯑꯁꯤꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯃꯇꯝ ꯑꯁꯤꯗꯥ ꯑꯀꯤꯕꯥ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯋꯥꯈꯜ ꯅꯨꯡꯉꯥꯏꯇꯕꯥ ꯀꯌꯥ ꯐꯥꯎꯕꯥ ꯍꯥꯌꯕꯁꯤ ꯅꯣꯔꯃꯦꯂꯅꯤ꯫ "ꯑꯩꯅꯥ ꯀꯔꯝꯅꯥ ꯁꯣꯀꯍꯅꯒꯅꯤ ? ꯑꯩꯅꯥ ꯄꯥꯎꯆꯦ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯁꯣꯀꯄꯥ ꯇꯥꯕꯔꯥ?" ꯑꯗꯣꯝꯅꯥ ꯋꯥꯍꯪ ꯍꯪꯕꯤꯔꯀꯄꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ꯫ ꯑꯗꯨꯕꯨ ꯋꯥꯈꯜ ꯋꯥꯕꯥ ꯂꯩꯔꯣꯏꯗꯕꯅꯤ, ꯑꯐꯕꯥ ꯁꯣꯂꯨꯁꯟ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯂꯩꯔꯤ꯫ ꯉꯁꯤ ꯑꯩꯈꯣꯌꯅꯥ ‘ꯖꯦ-ꯄꯥꯎꯆ’ ꯁꯔꯖꯔꯤꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯥꯡꯗꯥ ꯋꯥꯔꯤ ꯁꯥꯔꯤ, ꯃꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯑꯁꯤꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯁꯔꯖꯔꯤꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯨꯡꯗꯥ ꯃꯄꯥꯅꯒꯤ ꯄꯥꯎꯆꯦ ꯌꯥꯑꯣꯗꯅꯥ ꯅꯣꯔꯃꯦꯜ ꯑꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯄꯨꯟꯁꯤ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯍꯤꯡꯕꯗꯥ ꯃꯇꯦꯡ ꯄꯥꯡꯕꯥ ꯉꯃꯒꯅꯤ꯫

ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯂꯥꯏꯅꯥ ꯍꯥꯌꯔꯕꯗꯥ, ꯃꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯖꯦ-ꯄꯥꯎꯆ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯀꯔꯤꯅꯣ?

ꯖꯦ-ꯄꯥꯎꯆ ꯍꯥꯌꯕꯁꯤ ꯁꯔꯖꯔꯤ ꯑꯃꯅꯥ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯏꯁꯥꯒꯤ ꯑꯄꯤꯀꯄꯥ ꯏꯟꯇꯦꯁ꯭ꯇꯥꯏꯅꯒꯤ ꯁꯔꯨꯛ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯁꯤꯖꯤꯟꯅꯗꯨꯅꯥ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯍꯀꯆꯥꯡꯒꯤ ꯃꯅꯨꯡꯗꯥ ꯁꯦꯝꯕꯥ ꯑꯄꯤꯀꯄꯥ ꯄꯥꯎꯆꯦ ꯑꯃꯅꯤ꯫ ꯆꯨꯝꯅꯥ ꯍꯥꯌꯔꯕꯗꯥ, ꯃꯁꯤ ꯑꯄꯤꯀꯄꯥ ꯏꯟꯇꯦꯁ꯭ꯇꯥꯏꯅꯒꯤ ꯑꯔꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯁꯔꯨꯛ, ``ꯏꯂꯦꯝ``ꯗꯒꯤ ꯁꯦꯃꯈꯤꯕꯅꯤ꯫

ꯈꯅꯕꯤꯌꯨ, ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯑꯆꯧꯕꯥ ꯏꯟꯇꯦꯁ꯭ꯇꯥꯏꯟ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯔꯦꯛꯇꯝ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯂꯧꯊꯣꯛꯂꯕꯥ ꯃꯇꯨꯡꯗꯥ, ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯁ꯭ꯇꯣꯜ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯃꯇꯝ ꯈꯔꯒꯤ ꯑꯣꯏꯅꯥ ꯊꯝꯅꯕꯥ ꯃꯐꯝ ꯑꯃꯠꯇꯥ ꯂꯩꯇꯦ꯫ ꯃꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯖꯦ-ꯄꯥꯎꯆ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯃꯥꯡꯈꯤꯕꯥ ꯔꯦꯛꯇꯝ ꯑꯗꯨꯒꯤ ꯃꯍꯨꯠꯇꯥ ꯑꯅꯧꯕꯥ ꯔꯤꯖꯔꯕꯔ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯑꯣꯏꯅꯥ ꯊꯕꯛ ꯇꯧꯅꯕꯥ ꯁꯦꯃꯈꯤꯕꯅꯤ꯫ ꯃꯁꯤ ꯂꯣꯏꯔꯕꯥ ꯃꯇꯨꯡꯗꯥ ꯃꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯃꯑꯣꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ‘ꯖꯦ’ꯒꯤ ꯑꯛꯁꯔꯒꯥ ꯃꯥꯟꯅꯕꯅꯥ ꯃꯔꯝ ꯑꯣꯏꯗꯨꯅꯥ ꯃꯁꯤꯕꯨ ꯖꯦ-ꯄꯥꯎꯆ ꯍꯥꯌꯅꯥ ꯀꯧꯏ꯫ ꯑꯅꯧꯕꯥ ꯄꯥꯎꯆꯦ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯔꯦꯛꯇꯃꯒꯤ ꯑꯇꯩ ꯃꯐꯃꯁꯤꯡꯗꯥ (ꯑꯦꯅꯥꯜ ꯀꯦꯅꯦꯜ) ꯍꯀꯊꯦꯡꯅꯅꯥ ꯁꯝꯅꯍꯜꯂꯤ꯫ ꯃꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯇꯥꯀꯄꯗꯤ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯅꯥ ꯍꯥꯟꯅꯒꯨꯝꯅꯥ ꯅꯣꯔꯃꯦꯜ ꯑꯣꯏꯅꯥ ꯈꯣꯡ ꯍꯥꯝꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ꯫

ꯖꯦ-ꯄꯥꯎꯆ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯏꯂꯤꯑꯣꯁ꯭ꯇꯣꯃꯤ ꯕꯦꯒꯀꯤ ꯃꯔꯛꯇꯥ ꯀꯔꯤ ꯈꯦꯠꯅꯕꯥ ꯂꯩꯕꯒꯦ?

ꯑꯄꯨꯅꯕꯥ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯣꯛꯇꯣꯀꯣꯂꯦꯛꯇꯣꯃꯤꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯨꯡꯗꯥ ꯑꯩꯈꯣꯌꯒꯤ ꯃꯔꯨꯑꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯑꯣꯄꯁꯟ ꯑꯅꯤ ꯂꯩ꯫ ꯑꯃꯅꯥ ꯈꯣꯡꯗꯥ ꯄꯔꯃꯦꯅꯦꯟꯇ ꯄꯥꯎꯆꯦ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯂꯩꯕꯥ ꯍꯥꯌꯕꯁꯤꯅꯤ, ꯃꯁꯤꯕꯨ ꯑꯩꯈꯣꯌꯅꯥ ``ꯏꯂꯤꯑꯣꯁ꯭ꯇꯣꯃꯤ'' ꯍꯥꯌꯅꯥ ꯀꯧꯏ꯫ꯑꯇꯣꯞꯄꯥ ꯑꯃꯅꯥ ꯖꯦ-ꯄꯥꯎꯆ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯂꯩꯕꯥ ꯍꯥꯌꯕꯁꯤꯅꯤ꯫ ꯑꯅꯤꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯃꯔꯛꯇꯥ ꯂꯩꯔꯤꯕꯥ ꯈꯦꯟꯅꯕꯥ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯈꯉꯕꯥ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯃꯔꯨ ꯑꯣꯏ꯫

ꯁꯔꯖꯔꯤ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯀꯅꯥꯅꯥ ꯄꯥꯡꯊꯣꯀꯄꯥ ꯌꯥꯕꯒꯦ?

ꯖꯦ-ꯄꯥꯎꯆ ꯁꯔꯖꯔꯤ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯃꯤꯄꯨꯝ ꯈꯨꯗꯤꯡꯃꯛꯀꯤ ꯅꯠꯇꯦ꯫ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯗꯣꯛꯇꯔꯅꯥ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯅꯥ ꯃꯁꯤꯒꯤꯗꯃꯛꯇꯥ ꯑꯐꯕꯥ ꯐꯤꯠ ꯑꯣꯏꯕ꯭ꯔꯥ ꯍꯥꯌꯕꯗꯨ ꯈꯪꯗꯣꯛꯅꯕꯥ ꯐꯦꯛꯇꯔ ꯀꯌꯥ ꯌꯦꯡꯒꯅꯤ꯫

• ꯔꯦꯛꯇꯦꯜ ꯃꯁꯂꯒꯤ ꯐꯉ꯭ꯀꯁꯟ: ꯕꯣꯋꯦꯜ ꯃꯨꯚꯃꯦꯟꯇ ꯀꯟꯠꯔꯣꯜ ꯇꯧꯅꯕꯥ ꯃꯊꯧ ꯇꯥꯕꯥ ꯔꯦꯛꯇꯃꯗꯥ ꯂꯩꯕꯥ ꯃꯁꯂꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯅꯔꯚꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯑꯐꯕꯥ ꯋꯥꯔꯀꯤꯡ ꯑꯣꯔꯗꯔꯗꯥ ꯂꯩꯒꯗꯕꯅꯤ꯫
• ꯍꯀꯁꯦꯜ: ꯃꯁꯤ ꯃꯜꯇꯤ-ꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯖ ꯁꯔꯖꯔꯤ ꯑꯃꯅꯤ ꯃꯔꯝ ꯑꯗꯨꯅꯥ ꯁꯔꯖꯔꯤ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯇꯦꯂꯔ ꯇꯧꯅꯕꯥ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯅꯥ ꯑꯐꯕꯥ ꯍꯀꯁꯦꯜ ꯂꯩꯕꯥ ꯃꯊꯧ ꯇꯥꯏ꯫ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯅꯥ ꯂꯧꯔꯤꯕꯥ ꯑꯇꯩ ꯃꯦꯗꯤꯀꯦꯜ ꯀꯟꯗꯤꯁꯅꯁꯤꯡ ꯅꯠꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯍꯤꯗꯥꯛ-ꯂꯥꯡꯊꯀꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯈꯪꯖꯤꯅꯕꯤꯌꯨ꯫

ꯁꯔꯖꯔꯤ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯀꯔꯝꯅꯥ ꯇꯧꯕꯒꯦ?

ꯃꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯁꯔꯖꯔꯤ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯃꯍꯧꯁꯥꯅꯥ ꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯖ ꯑꯅꯤ ꯅꯠꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯑꯍꯨꯃꯗꯥ ꯄꯥꯡꯊꯣꯀꯏ꯫ ꯃꯁꯤ ꯈꯔꯥ ꯍꯦꯟꯅꯥ ꯂꯨꯝꯂꯕꯁꯨ, ꯃꯁꯤ ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯂꯥꯏꯅꯥ ꯊꯃꯁꯤ꯫

1. ꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯖ 1: ꯑꯍꯥꯅꯕꯗꯥ, ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯑꯆꯧꯕꯥ ꯏꯟꯇꯦꯁ꯭ꯇꯥꯏꯟ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯔꯦꯛꯇꯝ ꯂꯧꯊꯣꯛꯅꯕꯥ ``ꯄ꯭ꯔꯣꯛꯇꯣꯀꯣꯂꯦꯛꯇꯣꯃꯤ`` ꯁꯔꯖꯔꯤ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯇꯧ꯫ ꯁꯔꯖꯔꯤ ꯑꯗꯨꯒꯥ ꯃꯇꯝ ꯑꯗꯨꯃꯛꯇꯗꯥ ꯅꯠꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯃꯗꯨꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯨꯡꯗꯥ ꯇꯣꯉꯥꯅꯕꯥ ꯁꯔꯖꯔꯤ ꯑꯃꯗꯥ ꯖꯦ-ꯄꯥꯎꯆ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯁꯦꯝꯃꯤ꯫ ꯗꯣꯛꯇꯔꯅꯥ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯑꯄꯤꯀꯄꯥ ꯏꯟꯇꯦꯁ꯭ꯇꯥꯏꯅꯒꯤ ꯑꯔꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯂꯧꯊꯣꯀꯏ, ꯃꯗꯨ ‘U’ ꯃꯑꯣꯡ ꯑꯃꯗꯥ ꯀꯨꯄꯁꯤꯜꯂꯤ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯃꯔꯛꯇꯥ ꯌꯥꯎꯍꯟꯗꯨꯅꯥ ꯑꯄꯤꯀꯄꯥ ꯄꯥꯎꯆꯦ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯁꯦꯝꯃꯤ꯫

2. ꯃꯇꯝ ꯈꯔꯒꯤ ꯑꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯏꯂꯤꯑꯣꯁ꯭ꯇꯣꯃꯤ : ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯅꯧꯅꯥ ꯁꯦꯝꯕꯥ ꯖꯦ-ꯄꯥꯎꯆ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯐꯒꯠꯂꯛꯠꯔꯤꯐꯥꯎꯕꯥ ꯁ꯭ꯇꯣꯜ ꯄꯥꯁ ꯇꯧꯕꯥ ꯉꯃꯗꯦ꯫ ꯑꯗꯨꯅꯥ, ꯃꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯐꯒꯠꯂꯀꯄꯥ ꯃꯇꯃꯗꯥ ꯊꯥ ꯈꯔꯒꯤ ꯑꯣꯏꯅꯥ, ꯅꯍꯥꯀꯄꯨ ꯃꯇꯝ ꯈꯔꯒꯤ ꯑꯣꯏꯕꯥ ``ꯂꯨꯞ ꯏꯂꯤꯑꯣꯁ꯭ꯇꯣꯃꯤ'' ꯑꯃꯥ ꯄꯤꯒꯅꯤ꯫ ꯃꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯇꯥꯀꯄꯗꯤ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯈꯣꯡꯗꯥ ꯕꯦꯒ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯆꯦꯠꯁꯤꯜꯂꯀꯏ꯫ ꯃꯁꯤ ꯑꯇꯦꯅꯕꯥ ꯃꯇꯃꯒꯤ ꯑꯣꯏꯅꯥ ꯈꯛꯇꯅꯤ, ꯆꯥꯎꯔꯥꯛꯅꯥ ꯊꯥ ꯲-꯳ꯅꯤ꯫

3. ꯖꯦ-ꯄꯥꯎꯆ ꯑꯦꯀꯖꯥꯃꯤꯅꯦꯁꯟ: ꯊꯥ 2-3ꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯨꯡꯗꯥ ꯅꯧꯅꯥ ꯁꯦꯝꯕꯥ ꯄꯥꯎꯆꯦ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯃꯑꯣꯡ ꯆꯨꯝꯅꯥ ꯐꯒꯠꯂꯛꯂꯕ꯭ꯔꯥ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯃꯐꯝ ꯑꯃꯗꯥ ꯂꯤꯛ ꯑꯣꯏꯕ꯭ꯔꯥ ꯍꯥꯌꯕꯗꯨ ꯌꯦꯡꯅꯕꯒꯤꯗꯃꯛ ꯑꯈꯟꯅꯕꯥ ꯇꯦꯁ꯭ꯠ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯇꯧꯏ꯫ ꯃꯁꯤꯕꯨ ``ꯄꯥꯎꯆꯣꯒ꯭ꯔꯥꯝ'' ꯍꯥꯌꯅꯥ ꯀꯧꯏ꯫ ꯃꯁꯤ ꯕꯦꯔꯤꯌꯥꯝ ꯁꯣꯂꯣꯒꯥ ꯃꯥꯟꯅꯩ, ꯃꯁꯤꯗꯥ ꯂꯤꯛꯌꯨꯏꯗ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯃꯁꯥ ꯃꯊꯟꯇꯥ ꯊꯥꯗꯣꯀꯏ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯑꯦꯛꯁ-ꯔꯦ ꯂꯧꯏ꯫

4. ꯑꯔꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯖ: ꯄꯨꯝꯅꯃꯛ ꯅꯤꯡꯊꯤꯅꯥ ꯂꯩꯔꯕꯥ ꯃꯇꯨꯡꯗꯥ, ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯗꯣꯛꯇꯔꯅꯥ ꯃꯇꯝ ꯈꯔꯒꯤ ꯑꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯏꯂꯤꯑꯣꯁ꯭ꯇꯣꯃꯤ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯂꯧꯊꯣꯛꯅꯕꯥ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯈꯣꯡꯗꯥ ꯂꯩꯕꯥ ꯑꯍꯥꯡꯕꯥ ꯃꯐꯝ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯊꯤꯡꯖꯤꯟꯅꯕꯥ ꯑꯇꯣꯞꯄꯥ ꯑꯄꯤꯀꯄꯥ ꯁꯔꯖꯔꯤ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯇꯧꯒꯅꯤ꯫ ꯃꯇꯝ ꯑꯗꯨꯗꯒꯤ ꯍꯧꯅꯥ, ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯁ꯭ꯇꯣꯜ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯅꯧꯅꯥ ꯁꯦꯝꯕꯥ ꯖꯦ-ꯄꯥꯎꯆ ꯑꯗꯨꯒꯤ ꯃꯅꯨꯡꯗꯥ ꯅꯣꯔꯃꯦꯜ ꯑꯣꯏꯅꯥ ꯆꯠꯄꯥ ꯍꯧꯔꯒꯅꯤ꯫ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯏꯟꯇꯦꯁ꯭ꯇꯥꯏꯅꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯃꯨꯛ ꯍꯟꯅꯥ ꯁꯝꯅꯍꯅꯕꯒꯤ ꯊꯧꯑꯣꯡ ꯑꯁꯤꯕꯨ ꯃꯦꯗꯤꯀꯦꯜ ꯑꯣꯏꯅꯥ ꯏꯂꯤꯌꯥꯜ ꯄꯥꯎꯆꯦ-ꯑꯦꯅꯥꯜ ꯑꯦꯅꯥꯁ꯭ꯇꯣꯃꯣꯁꯤꯁ (IPAA) ꯍꯥꯌꯅꯥ ꯀꯧꯏ꯫

ꯁꯔꯖꯔꯤꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯨꯡꯗꯥ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯅꯥ ꯀꯔꯤ ꯑꯥꯁꯥ ꯇꯧꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯕꯒꯦ?

ꯁꯔꯖꯔꯤꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯨꯡꯗꯥ, ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯍꯀꯆꯥꯡꯅꯥ ꯑꯅꯧꯕꯥ ꯁꯤꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯝ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯁꯤꯖꯤꯟꯅꯕꯗꯥ ꯃꯇꯝ ꯈꯔꯥ ꯆꯪꯒꯅꯤ꯫

• ꯆꯥꯡ ꯅꯥꯏꯅꯥ ꯕꯣꯋꯦꯜ ꯃꯨꯚꯃꯦꯟꯇ: ꯍꯧꯔꯀꯄꯗꯥ, ꯖꯦ-ꯄꯥꯎꯆ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯑꯄꯤꯀꯄꯥ ꯑꯣꯏ, ꯃꯔꯝ ꯑꯗꯨꯅꯥ ꯃꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯁ꯭ꯇꯣꯜ ꯀꯌꯥ ꯊꯃꯖꯤꯅꯕꯥ ꯉꯃꯗꯦ꯫ ꯃꯔꯝ ꯑꯗꯨꯅꯥ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯅꯥ ꯅꯣꯡꯃꯗꯥ ꯀꯌꯥꯃꯔꯨꯝ ꯕꯥꯊꯔꯨꯃꯗꯥ ꯆꯠꯄꯥ ꯃꯊꯧ ꯇꯥꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ, ꯀꯔꯤꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯃꯇꯃꯗꯥ ꯑꯌꯨꯛ-ꯅꯨꯡꯊꯤꯂꯗꯥ ꯐꯥꯑꯣꯕꯥ ꯆꯠꯄꯥ ꯃꯊꯧ ꯇꯥꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ꯫ ꯑꯗꯨꯕꯨ ꯃꯇꯃꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯨꯡꯏꯟꯅꯥ ꯄꯥꯎꯆꯦ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯍꯦꯟꯅꯥ ꯆꯥꯎꯈꯠꯂꯀꯏ, ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯃꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯐꯤꯚꯝ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯇꯞꯅꯥ ꯇꯞꯅꯥ ꯐꯒꯠꯂꯀꯏ꯫ ꯃꯁꯤ ꯃꯍꯧꯁꯥꯅꯥ ꯅꯣꯡꯃꯗꯥ 5-10ꯒꯤ ꯃꯔꯛꯇꯥ ꯍꯟꯊꯔꯀꯏ꯫
• ꯃꯁꯜ ꯔꯤꯠꯔꯦꯅꯤꯡ (muscle retraining): ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯔꯦꯛꯇꯃꯗꯥ ꯂꯩꯕꯥ ꯃꯁꯂꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯃꯇꯝ ꯈꯔꯒꯤ ꯑꯣꯏꯅꯥ ꯁꯤꯖꯤꯟꯅꯗꯕꯅꯥ ꯃꯔꯝ ꯑꯣꯏꯗꯨꯅꯥ ꯁꯣꯟꯊꯔꯀꯄꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ꯫ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯕꯣꯋꯦꯂꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯑꯃꯨꯛ ꯍꯟꯅꯥ ꯀꯟꯠꯔꯣꯜ ꯇꯧꯅꯕꯥ ꯑꯦꯛꯁꯔꯁꯥꯏꯖ ꯇꯧꯕꯥ ꯃꯊꯧ ꯇꯥꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ꯫ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯗꯣꯛꯇꯔꯅꯥ ꯀꯦꯒꯦꯜ ꯑꯦꯛꯁꯔꯁꯥꯏꯖꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯑꯦꯛꯁꯔꯁꯥꯏꯖꯁꯤꯡ ꯔꯤꯀꯃꯦꯟꯗ ꯇꯧꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ .
• ꯂꯨꯖꯔꯕꯥ ꯁ꯭ꯇꯣꯂꯁꯤꯡ (loose stools): ꯑꯆꯧꯕꯥ ꯏꯟꯇꯦꯁ꯭ꯇꯥꯏꯟ ꯍꯥꯌꯕꯁꯤ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯁ꯭ꯇꯣꯜ ꯑꯗꯨꯗꯥ ꯂꯩꯔꯤꯕꯥ ꯏꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯁꯣꯀꯍꯜꯂꯤꯕꯥ ꯁꯔꯨꯛ ꯑꯗꯨꯅꯤ꯫ ꯍꯧꯖꯤꯛꯇꯤ ꯁꯔꯨꯛ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯂꯣꯏꯔꯦ, ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯁ꯭ꯇꯣꯜ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯍꯥꯟꯅꯗꯒꯤ ꯍꯦꯟꯅꯥ ꯂꯤꯛꯌꯨꯏꯗ ꯑꯣꯏꯔꯒꯅꯤ꯫

ꯁꯥꯏꯗ ꯏꯐꯦꯛꯇ ꯅꯠꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯔꯤꯁ꯭ꯛ ꯂꯩꯕ꯭ꯔꯥ?

ꯁꯔꯖꯔꯤ ꯑꯃꯍꯦꯛꯇꯒꯨꯝꯅꯥ, ꯔꯤꯁ꯭ꯛ ꯈꯔꯗꯤ ꯂꯩ, ꯑꯗꯨꯕꯨ ꯃꯈꯣꯌ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯇꯣꯏꯅꯥ ꯊꯣꯛꯇꯦ꯫

• ꯑꯦꯅꯥꯁ꯭ꯇꯣꯃꯣꯇꯤꯛ ꯂꯤꯛ (Anastomotic liak): ꯀꯔꯤꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯏꯟꯇꯦꯁ꯭ꯇꯥꯏꯟ ꯑꯗꯨꯒꯥ ꯁꯝꯅꯔꯤꯕꯥ ꯃꯐꯝ ꯑꯗꯨꯗꯥ ꯑꯄꯤꯀꯄꯥ ꯂꯤꯛ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯐꯥꯎꯕꯥ ꯂꯩꯔꯕꯗꯤ , ꯈꯣꯡꯒꯤ ꯃꯅꯨꯡꯗꯥ ꯏꯅꯐꯦꯛꯁꯟ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯊꯣꯀꯄꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ꯫
• ꯑꯦꯕꯗꯣꯃꯤꯅꯦꯜ ꯑꯦꯗꯖꯦꯁꯟ (abdominal adhesions): ꯀꯔꯤꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯃꯇꯃꯗꯥ, ꯁꯔꯖꯔꯤꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯨꯡꯗꯥ ꯑꯦꯕꯗꯣꯃꯤꯅꯦꯜ ꯑꯦꯗꯖꯦꯁꯅꯁꯤꯡ (abdominal adhesions) ꯊꯣꯀꯏ, ꯃꯗꯨꯅꯥ ꯏꯟꯇꯦꯁ꯭ꯇꯥꯏꯅꯒꯤ ꯑꯣꯕꯁ꯭ꯠꯔꯥꯀꯁꯟ ꯊꯣꯀꯍꯅꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ꯫
• ꯄꯧꯆꯤꯇꯤꯁ: ꯃꯁꯤ ꯈ꯭ꯕꯥꯏꯗꯒꯤ ꯀꯃꯟ ꯑꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯀꯃꯞꯂꯤꯀꯦꯁꯅꯅꯤ꯫ ꯃꯁꯤ ꯖꯦ-ꯄꯥꯎꯆꯀꯤ ꯏꯅꯐꯦꯛꯁꯟ ꯅꯠꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯏꯅꯐ꯭ꯂꯦꯃꯦꯁꯟ ꯑꯃꯅꯤ꯫ ꯂꯥꯏꯑꯣꯡꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯃꯅꯨꯡꯗꯥ ꯌꯦꯔꯨꯝ ꯁꯣꯀꯄꯥ, ꯈꯣꯡ ꯍꯥꯝꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯗꯕꯥ, ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯀꯔꯤꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯃꯇꯃꯗꯥ ꯏ ꯊꯣꯀꯄꯥ ꯑꯁꯤꯅꯆꯤꯡꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯎꯏ꯫ ꯑꯌꯥꯝꯕꯥ ꯀꯦꯁꯁꯤꯡꯗꯗꯤ ꯃꯁꯤ ꯑꯦꯟꯇꯤꯕꯥꯏꯑꯣꯇꯤꯀꯁꯤꯡꯅꯥ ꯃꯄꯨꯡꯐꯥꯅꯥ ꯐꯍꯅꯕꯥ ꯉꯝꯃꯤ .
• ꯑꯀꯅꯕꯥ (Stricture): ꯁꯔꯖꯔꯤꯗꯒꯤ ꯂꯥꯀꯄꯥ ꯁ꯭ꯀꯥꯔ ꯇꯤꯁꯨꯁꯤꯡꯅꯥ ꯄꯦꯁꯦꯖ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯀꯨꯄꯁꯤꯅꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ꯫

ꯀꯔꯤꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯅꯥ ꯑꯁꯤꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯑꯆꯝꯕꯥ ꯂꯥꯏꯑꯣꯡꯁꯤꯡ ꯂꯩꯔꯕꯗꯤ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯗꯣꯛꯇꯔꯗꯥ ꯈꯨꯗꯛꯇꯥ ꯈꯪꯍꯅꯒꯗꯕꯅꯤ꯫

ꯖꯦ-ꯄꯥꯎꯆ ꯑꯃꯒꯥ ꯂꯣꯌꯅꯅꯥ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯅꯥ ꯅꯣꯔꯃꯦꯜ ꯑꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯄꯨꯟꯁꯤ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯍꯤꯡꯕꯥ ꯉꯃꯒꯗ꯭ꯔꯥ?

ꯍꯣꯌ, ꯅꯈꯣꯌꯅꯥ ꯇꯧꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ! ꯖꯦ-ꯄꯥꯎꯆ ꯁꯔꯖꯔꯤꯒꯤ ꯃꯥꯌ ꯄꯥꯀꯄꯒꯤ ꯆꯥꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯹꯵% ꯐꯥꯑꯣꯕꯥ ꯋꯥꯡꯏ꯫ ꯑꯍꯥꯅꯕꯗꯥ ꯑꯁꯣꯛ-ꯑꯄꯟ ꯈꯔꯥ ꯂꯩꯔꯕꯁꯨ, ꯃꯇꯃꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯨꯡꯏꯟꯅꯥ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯍꯀꯆꯥꯡꯅꯥ ꯃꯗꯨ ꯁꯤꯖꯤꯟꯅꯔꯛꯀꯅꯤ꯫ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯅꯥ ꯍꯥꯟꯅꯒꯨꯝꯅꯥ ꯊꯕꯛꯇꯥ ꯆꯠꯄꯥ, ꯆꯠꯊꯣꯛ-ꯆꯠꯁꯤꯟ ꯇꯧꯕꯥ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯁꯥꯖꯦꯜ ꯇꯧꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ꯫ ꯈ꯭ꯕꯥꯏꯗꯒꯤ ꯃꯔꯨꯑꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯋꯥꯐꯃꯗꯤ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯅꯥ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯄꯨꯟꯁꯤ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯀꯟꯠꯔꯣꯜ ꯇꯧꯗꯨꯅꯥ ꯍꯤꯡꯕꯥ ꯉꯃꯒꯅꯤ, ꯃꯄꯥꯅꯒꯤ ꯄꯥꯎꯆꯦ ꯑꯃꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯥꯡꯗꯥ ꯋꯥꯈꯜ ꯋꯥꯕꯥ ꯂꯩꯇꯅꯥ꯫

ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯗꯥꯏꯠ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯍꯣꯡꯗꯣꯀꯄꯥ ꯄꯥꯝꯕꯤꯕ꯭ꯔꯥ?

ꯍꯣꯌ, ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯅꯥ ꯖꯦ-ꯄꯥꯎꯆ ꯑꯃꯒꯥ ꯂꯣꯌꯅꯅꯥ ꯍꯤꯡꯂꯤꯉꯩꯗꯥ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯗꯥꯏꯇꯀꯤ ꯃꯇꯥꯡꯗꯥ ꯃꯔꯨꯑꯣꯏꯅꯥ ꯆꯦꯀꯁꯤꯅꯒꯗꯕꯅꯤ꯫

• ꯁꯔꯖꯔꯤꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯨꯡꯗꯥ, ꯍꯧꯒꯠꯂꯨ:ꯁꯔꯖꯔꯤ꯫
• ꯏꯁꯤꯡ ꯃꯔꯥꯡ ꯀꯥꯌꯅꯥ ꯊꯀꯎ: ꯑꯍꯦꯅꯕꯥ ꯐ꯭ꯂꯨꯏꯗ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯍꯀꯆꯥꯡꯗꯒꯤ ꯊꯣꯛꯂꯀꯄꯅꯥ ꯃꯔꯝ ꯑꯣꯏꯗꯨꯅꯥ ꯏꯁꯤꯡ, ꯖꯨꯁ, ꯄꯣꯔꯤꯖ, ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯁ꯭ꯌꯨꯞ ꯃꯔꯥꯡ ꯀꯥꯌꯅꯥ ꯊꯀꯄꯅꯥ ꯗꯤꯍꯥꯌꯗ꯭ꯔꯦꯁꯟ ꯊꯤꯡꯅꯕꯥ ꯃꯔꯨꯑꯣꯏ .
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