ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯑꯉꯥꯡ ꯑꯗꯨꯅꯥ ꯃꯇꯝ ꯑꯃꯠꯇꯗꯥ ꯃꯈꯣꯌꯒꯤ ꯃꯃꯤꯠ, ꯅꯥꯀꯣꯡ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯁꯔꯨ ꯇꯥꯡꯁꯤꯡꯗꯥ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯣꯕ꯭ꯂꯦꯝ ꯂꯩꯕ꯭ꯔꯥ? ꯃꯁꯤ ꯁ꯭ꯇꯤꯀꯂꯔ ꯁꯤꯟꯗꯣꯝ ꯑꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ!

ꯀꯔꯤꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯃꯇꯃꯗꯥ ꯑꯩꯈꯣꯌꯒꯤ ꯑꯉꯥꯡꯁꯤꯡꯅꯥ ꯑꯃꯒꯥ ꯑꯃꯒꯥ ꯑꯅꯥꯕꯥ ꯂꯥꯀꯏ, ꯅꯠꯇꯦ? ꯑꯗꯨꯕꯨ ꯑꯉꯥꯡ ꯈꯔꯗꯗꯤ ꯈꯪꯍꯧꯗꯅꯥ ꯃꯔꯤ ꯂꯩꯅꯗꯕꯥ ꯑꯣꯏꯅꯥ ꯎꯕꯥ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯣꯕ꯭ꯂꯦꯝ ꯀꯌꯥ ꯂꯥꯀꯄꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ, ꯃꯈꯣꯌ ꯑꯗꯨꯗꯤ ꯃꯤꯠ ꯎꯗꯕꯒꯤ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯣꯕ꯭ꯂꯦꯝ , ꯁꯣꯅꯕꯥ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯣꯕ꯭ꯂꯦꯝ, ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯁꯔꯨ ꯇꯥꯡꯗꯥ ꯑꯅꯥꯕꯥ ꯑꯁꯤꯅꯆꯤꯡꯕꯅꯤ꯫ ꯑꯗꯣꯃꯁꯨ ꯃꯁꯤꯒꯥ ꯃꯥꯟꯅꯕꯥ ꯑꯦꯛꯁꯄꯔꯤꯌꯦꯟꯁ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯐꯪꯂꯕ꯭ꯔꯥ? ꯑꯗꯨꯗꯒꯤ ꯃꯁꯤ ꯁ꯭ꯇꯤꯀꯂꯔ ꯁꯤꯟꯗꯣꯝ ꯀꯧꯕꯥ ꯖꯦꯅꯦꯇꯤꯛ ꯀꯟꯗꯤꯁꯟ ꯑꯃꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯥꯡꯗꯥ ꯑꯣꯏꯔꯤ, ꯃꯗꯨꯅꯥ ꯑꯁꯤꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯀꯟꯗꯤꯁꯟ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯊꯣꯀꯍꯅꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ꯫ ꯃꯁꯤ ꯈꯔꯥ ꯍꯦꯟꯅꯥ ꯂꯨꯝꯂꯕꯁꯨ, ꯃꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯥꯡꯗꯥ ꯁꯨꯞꯅꯇꯒꯤ ꯋꯥꯔꯤ ꯁꯥꯁꯤ꯫

ꯁ꯭ꯇꯤꯀꯂꯔ ꯁꯤꯟꯗꯣꯝ ꯍꯥꯌꯕꯁꯤ ꯀꯔꯤꯅꯣ? ꯆꯨꯝꯅꯥ ꯍꯥꯌꯔꯕꯗꯥ...

ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯂꯥꯏꯅꯥ ꯍꯥꯌꯔꯕꯗꯥ, ꯁ꯭ꯇꯤꯀꯂꯔ ꯁꯤꯟꯗꯣꯝ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯖꯦꯅꯦꯇꯤꯛ ꯀꯟꯗꯤꯁꯟ ꯑꯃꯅꯤ . ꯃꯁꯤ ꯑꯩꯈꯣꯌꯒꯤ ꯖꯤꯅꯁꯤꯡꯗꯥ ꯑꯍꯣꯡꯕꯥ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯂꯥꯀꯄꯗꯒꯤ ꯊꯣꯀꯍꯅꯕꯅꯤ꯫ ꯃꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯃꯔꯨꯑꯣꯏꯅꯥ ꯑꯩꯈꯣꯌꯒꯤ ꯍꯀꯆꯥꯡꯗꯥ ꯂꯩꯔꯤꯕꯥ ꯀꯅꯦꯛꯇꯤꯕ ꯇꯤꯁꯨꯁꯤꯡꯗꯥ ꯁꯣꯀꯍꯜꯂꯤ꯫ ꯃꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯀꯅꯦꯛꯇꯤꯚ ꯇꯤꯁꯨ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯑꯩꯈꯣꯌꯒꯤ ꯍꯀꯆꯥꯡꯒꯤ ꯑꯇꯩ ꯁꯔꯨꯀꯁꯤꯡ, ꯍꯥꯌꯕꯗꯤ ꯑꯣꯔꯒꯥꯟ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯇꯤꯁꯨꯁꯤꯡꯗꯥ ꯁꯝꯅꯍꯜꯂꯤ, ꯁꯄꯣꯔꯠ ꯇꯧꯏ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯃꯑꯣꯡ-ꯃꯇꯧ ꯄꯤ꯫ ꯑꯩꯈꯣꯌꯒꯤ ꯌꯨꯃꯒꯤ ꯋꯥꯂꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯌꯨꯃꯊꯀꯁꯤꯡ ꯄꯨꯟꯅꯥ ꯊꯝꯅꯕꯥ ꯁꯤꯃꯦꯟꯇ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯋꯥꯏꯔ ꯁꯤꯖꯤꯟꯅꯕꯒꯨꯝꯅꯥ ꯈꯅꯕꯤꯌꯨ꯫ ꯃꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯀꯅꯦꯛꯇꯤꯕ ꯇꯤꯁꯨ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯑꯩꯈꯣꯌꯒꯤ ꯍꯀꯆꯥꯡꯒꯤꯗꯃꯛꯇꯁꯨ ꯃꯔꯨ ꯑꯣꯏ꯫

ꯃꯔꯝ ꯑꯗꯨꯅꯥ, ꯁ꯭ꯇꯤꯀꯂꯔ ꯁꯤꯟꯗꯣꯃꯒꯤ ꯀꯦꯁ ꯑꯁꯤꯗꯥ, ꯃꯥꯌ, ꯅꯥꯀꯣꯡ, ꯃꯤꯠ, ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯁꯔꯨ ꯇꯥꯡꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯃꯐꯃꯁꯤꯡꯗꯥ ꯂꯩꯕꯥ ꯀꯅꯦꯛꯇꯤꯚ ꯇꯤꯁꯨꯁꯤꯡꯗꯥ ꯈ꯭ꯕꯥꯏꯗꯒꯤ ꯍꯦꯟꯅꯥ ꯁꯣꯀꯍꯜꯂꯤ꯫ ꯃꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯃꯔꯝ ꯑꯣꯏꯗꯨꯅꯥ, ꯑꯉꯥꯡ ꯈꯔꯒꯤ ꯃꯐꯃꯗꯥ ꯑꯀꯛꯅꯕꯥ ꯃꯑꯣꯡ-ꯃꯇꯧ ꯍꯣꯡꯂꯀꯄꯥ, ꯍꯥꯌꯕꯗꯤ ꯈꯣꯡ-ꯈꯨꯠ ꯁꯣꯀꯄꯥ (cleft palate) ꯑꯁꯤꯅꯆꯤꯡꯕꯥ ꯊꯣꯀꯄꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ꯫ ꯃꯤꯠ ꯎꯗꯕꯥ , ꯇꯥꯕꯥ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯆꯠꯊꯣꯛ-ꯆꯠꯁꯤꯟ ꯇꯧꯕꯗꯥ ꯈꯨꯗꯣꯡꯆꯥꯗꯕꯥ ꯂꯩꯕꯁꯨ ꯌꯥꯏ꯫ ꯃꯁꯤꯕꯨ ꯀꯔꯤꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯃꯇꯃꯗꯥ ꯁ꯭ꯇꯤꯀꯂꯔ ꯗꯤꯁꯞꯂꯦꯁꯤꯌꯥ ꯍꯥꯌꯅꯥ ꯀꯧꯏ꯫

ꯀꯟꯗꯤꯁꯟ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯀꯌꯥꯝ ꯀꯃꯟ ꯑꯣꯏꯕꯒꯦ? ꯃꯁꯤ ꯀꯅꯥꯅꯥ ꯈ꯭ꯕꯥꯏꯗꯒꯤ ꯍꯦꯟꯅꯥ ꯆꯥꯎꯈꯠꯂꯀꯄꯒꯦ?

ꯁ꯭ꯇꯤꯀꯂꯔ ꯁꯤꯟꯗꯣꯝ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯅꯧꯅꯥ ꯄꯣꯀꯄꯥ ꯑꯉꯥꯡ 7,500ꯗꯒꯤ 10,000 ꯐꯥꯎꯕꯒꯤ ꯃꯅꯨꯡꯗꯥ ꯑꯃꯗꯒꯤ ꯑꯍꯨꯝ ꯐꯥꯎꯕꯥ ꯁꯣꯀꯍꯜꯂꯤ ꯍꯥꯌꯅꯥ ꯄꯥꯅꯔꯤ꯫ ꯑꯗꯨꯝ ꯑꯣꯏꯅꯃꯛ, ꯀꯟꯗꯤꯁꯟ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯑꯌꯥꯝꯕꯗꯤ ꯑꯟꯗꯔꯗꯥꯏꯒ꯭ꯅꯣꯁꯤꯁ ꯑꯣꯏꯕꯅꯥ ꯃꯔꯝ ꯑꯣꯏꯗꯨꯅꯥ, ꯀꯟꯗꯤꯁꯟ ꯑꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯇꯁꯦꯡꯅꯥ ꯃꯤꯑꯣꯏ ꯀꯌꯥꯅꯥ ꯁꯣꯀꯍꯜꯂꯤ ꯍꯥꯌꯕꯁꯤꯗꯤ ꯇꯁꯦꯡꯅꯥ ꯍꯥꯌꯕꯗꯥ ꯑꯋꯥꯕꯥ ꯑꯣꯏ꯫

ꯀꯅꯥꯅꯥ ꯐꯪꯕꯒꯦ ꯍꯥꯌꯕꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯥꯡꯗꯥ ꯍꯥꯌꯔꯕꯗꯥ, ꯀꯅꯥꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯑꯃꯅꯥ ꯁ꯭ꯇꯤꯀꯂꯔ ꯁꯤꯟꯗꯣꯝ ꯂꯥꯀꯄꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ꯫ ꯑꯗꯨꯝ ꯑꯣꯏꯅꯃꯛ, ꯀꯔꯤꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯏꯃꯨꯡ ꯑꯗꯨꯒꯤ ꯀꯅꯥꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯑꯃꯅꯥ, ꯍꯥꯌꯕꯗꯤ ꯃꯃꯥ, ꯃꯄꯥ ꯅꯠꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯃꯆꯤꯟ-ꯃꯅꯥꯑꯣ ꯑꯃꯗꯥ ꯀꯟꯗꯤꯁꯟ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯂꯩꯔꯕꯗꯤ, ꯑꯇꯣꯞꯄꯁꯤꯡꯗꯥ ꯃꯁꯤ ꯂꯥꯀꯄꯒꯤ ꯔꯤꯁ꯭ꯛ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯍꯦꯟꯅꯥ ꯋꯥꯡꯏ꯫ ꯑꯗꯨꯝ ꯑꯣꯏꯅꯃꯛ, ꯀꯔꯤꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯃꯇꯃꯗꯥ, ꯏꯃꯨꯡꯒꯤ ꯍꯤꯁ꯭ꯇꯔꯤ ꯑꯃꯠꯇꯥ ꯂꯩꯇꯅꯥ, ꯂꯥꯌꯅꯥ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯖꯤꯅꯁꯤꯡꯗꯥ ꯔꯦꯟꯗꯝ ꯑꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯑꯍꯣꯡꯕꯥ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯂꯥꯀꯄꯗꯒꯤ (` ꯖꯦꯅꯦꯇꯤꯛ ꯃ꯭ꯌꯨꯇꯦꯁꯟ`) ꯊꯣꯀꯍꯅꯕꯁꯨ ꯌꯥꯏ꯫ ꯍꯥꯌꯕꯗꯤ ꯃꯁꯤ ꯏꯅꯍꯦꯔꯤꯇꯦꯗ ꯑꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯄꯣꯠꯁꯛ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯑꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯃꯊꯧ ꯇꯥꯗꯦ꯫

ꯁ꯭ꯇꯤꯀꯂꯔ ꯁꯤꯟꯗ꯭ꯔꯣꯃꯅꯥ ꯍꯀꯆꯥꯡꯗꯥ ꯀꯔꯝꯅꯥ ꯁꯣꯀꯍꯅꯕꯒꯦ?

ꯑꯩꯈꯣꯌꯅꯥ ꯃꯃꯥꯡꯗꯥ ꯋꯥꯔꯤ ꯁꯥꯈꯤꯕꯒꯨꯝꯅꯥ, ꯀꯟꯗꯤꯁꯟ ꯑꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯀꯅꯦꯛꯇꯤꯕ ꯇꯤꯁ꯭ꯌꯨꯗꯥ ꯁꯣꯀꯍꯜꯂꯤ꯫ ꯑꯩꯈꯣꯌꯒꯤ ꯍꯀꯆꯥꯡꯗꯥ ꯂꯩꯔꯤꯕꯥ ꯀꯅꯦꯛꯇꯤꯕ ꯇꯤꯁ꯭ꯌꯨꯒꯤ ꯃꯔꯨꯑꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯊꯕꯛ ꯑꯃꯗꯤ ꯑꯇꯣꯞꯄꯥ ꯇꯤꯁꯨꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯑꯣꯔꯒꯥꯅꯁꯤꯡ ꯉꯥꯀꯊꯣꯀꯄꯥ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯃꯇꯦꯡ ꯄꯥꯡꯕꯅꯤ꯫ ꯑꯗꯨꯅꯥ, ꯀꯅꯦꯛꯇꯤꯕ ꯇꯤꯁ꯭ꯌꯨ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯁꯦꯝꯂꯤꯕꯥ ꯖꯤꯟ ꯑꯃꯗꯥ ꯃ꯭ꯌꯨꯇꯦꯁꯟ, ꯅꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯑꯁꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯂꯩꯔꯀꯄꯥ ꯃꯇꯃꯗꯥ, ꯖꯤꯟ ꯑꯗꯨꯅꯥ ꯀꯅꯦꯛꯇꯤꯕ ꯇꯤꯁ꯭ꯌꯨ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯀꯔꯝꯅꯥ ꯁꯦꯃꯒꯅꯤ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯃꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯀꯔꯝꯅꯥ ꯊꯕꯛ ꯇꯧꯒꯗꯒꯦ ꯍꯥꯌꯕꯒꯤ ꯑꯆꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯏꯅꯁ꯭ꯠꯔꯛꯁꯅꯁꯤꯡ ꯐꯪꯗꯦ꯫

ꯃꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯃꯔꯝ ꯑꯣꯏꯗꯨꯅꯥ, ꯁ꯭ꯇꯤꯀꯂꯔ ꯁꯤꯟꯗꯣꯝ ꯂꯩꯕꯥ ꯃꯤꯑꯣꯏ ꯑꯃꯒꯤꯗꯃꯛ, [...]ꯃꯤꯠ ꯎꯗꯕꯥ, ꯇꯥꯕꯥ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯁꯔꯨ ꯇꯥꯡꯒꯤ ꯈꯣꯡꯖꯦꯂꯗꯥ ꯑꯀꯥꯌꯕꯥ ꯄꯤ꯫ ꯃꯤꯠ, ꯅꯥꯀꯣꯡ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯁꯔꯨ ꯇꯥꯡꯁꯤꯡꯗꯥ ꯃꯔꯨꯑꯣꯏꯅꯥ ꯁꯣꯀꯍꯜꯂꯤ꯫ ꯁ꯭ꯇꯤꯀꯂꯔ ꯁꯤꯟꯗꯣꯝ ꯂꯩꯕꯥ ꯃꯤꯑꯣꯏꯁꯤꯡꯗꯥ ꯑꯌꯥꯝꯕꯅꯥ ꯑꯉꯥꯡ ꯑꯣꯏꯔꯤꯉꯩꯗꯥ ꯑꯔꯊ꯭ꯔꯥꯏꯇꯤꯁ ꯊꯣꯀꯏ . ꯑꯗꯨꯝ ꯑꯣꯏꯅꯃꯛ, ꯃꯑꯣꯡ ꯆꯨꯝꯅꯥ ꯂꯥꯌꯦꯡꯕꯅꯥ ꯂꯥꯏꯑꯣꯡꯁꯤꯡ ꯀꯟꯠꯔꯣꯜ ꯇꯧꯕꯥ ꯉꯃꯒꯅꯤ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯀꯟꯗꯤꯁꯟ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯂꯩꯕꯥ ꯃꯤꯑꯣꯏꯁꯤꯡꯅꯥ ꯅꯣꯔꯃꯦꯜ, ꯑꯦꯛꯇꯤꯕ ꯑꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯄꯨꯟꯁꯤ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯍꯤꯡꯕꯥ ꯉꯃꯒꯅꯤ .

ꯃꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯂꯥꯏꯑꯣꯡꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯀꯔꯤꯅꯣ? ꯃꯁꯤ ꯀꯔꯝꯅꯥ ꯈꯉꯒꯅꯤ?

ꯁ꯭ꯇꯤꯀꯂꯔ ꯁꯤꯟꯗꯣꯃꯒꯤ ꯂꯥꯏꯑꯣꯡꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯃꯤꯑꯣꯏ ꯑꯃꯗꯒꯤ ꯃꯤꯑꯣꯏ ꯑꯃꯗꯥ ꯈꯦꯠꯅꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ . ꯃꯤꯄꯨꯝ ꯈꯨꯗꯤꯡꯃꯛꯇꯥ ꯂꯥꯏꯑꯣꯡ ꯄꯨꯝꯅꯃꯛ ꯎꯕꯥ ꯐꯪꯂꯣꯏ꯫ ꯃꯗꯨꯅꯤ ꯃꯁꯤꯕꯨ ꯑꯈꯟꯅꯕꯥ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯑꯣꯏꯍꯜꯂꯤ꯫ ꯈꯨꯗꯝ ꯑꯣꯏꯅꯥ, ꯑꯉꯥꯡ ꯑꯃꯅꯥ ꯃꯤꯠꯀꯤ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯣꯕ꯭ꯂꯦꯝ ꯍꯦꯟꯅꯥ ꯂꯩꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ, ꯑꯗꯨꯒꯥ ꯑꯇꯣꯞꯄꯥ ꯑꯃꯅꯥ ꯁꯔꯨ ꯇꯥꯡꯁꯤꯡꯗꯥ ꯍꯦꯟꯅꯥ ꯁꯣꯀꯄꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ꯫

ꯎꯕꯥ ꯐꯪꯒꯗꯕꯥ ꯂꯥꯏꯑꯣꯡꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯃꯔꯨꯑꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯀꯦꯇꯦꯒꯣꯔꯤ ꯀꯌꯥ ꯂꯩ:

ꯁꯔꯨ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯁꯔꯨ ꯇꯥꯡꯒꯤ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯣꯕ꯭ꯂꯦꯃꯁꯤꯡ:

• ꯑꯍꯥꯅꯕꯗꯥ ꯁꯔꯨ ꯇꯥꯡꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯂꯨꯕꯥ ꯑꯣꯏꯔꯀꯄꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ , ꯑꯗꯨꯕꯨ ꯃꯇꯃꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯨꯡ ꯏꯟꯅꯥ ꯃꯈꯣꯌ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯇꯞꯅꯥ ꯇꯞꯅꯥ ꯁꯣꯀꯄꯥ ꯍꯧꯔꯀꯄꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ ꯫
• ꯁ꯭ꯄꯥꯏꯅꯦꯜ ꯀꯣꯔꯗꯀꯤ ꯀꯨꯄꯁꯤꯅꯕꯥ (curvature) ꯑꯃꯥ ꯅꯠꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯁ꯭ꯀꯣꯂꯤꯑꯣꯁꯤꯁ (scoliosis) ꯊꯣꯀꯄꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ꯫
• ꯑꯔꯊ꯭ꯔꯥꯏꯇꯤꯁ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯅꯍꯥ ꯑꯣꯏꯔꯤꯉꯩꯗꯥ ꯂꯥꯀꯄꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ꯫ ꯀꯔꯤꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯆꯍꯤ ꯇꯔꯥ ꯐꯥꯎꯗ꯭ꯔꯤꯉꯩꯗꯥ ꯑꯉꯥꯡ ꯑꯃꯅꯥ ꯑꯌꯨꯛ-ꯅꯨꯡꯊꯤꯂꯗꯥ ꯋꯥꯈꯜ ꯋꯥꯕꯥ ꯍꯧꯔꯀꯄꯥ ꯃꯇꯃꯗꯥ ꯃꯈꯣꯌꯒꯤ ꯁꯔꯨ ꯇꯥꯡꯁꯤꯡꯗꯥ ꯑꯁꯣꯛ-ꯑꯄꯟ ꯊꯣꯀꯄꯒꯤ ꯋꯥꯀꯠ ꯂꯥꯀꯄꯥ ꯇꯥꯔꯕꯗꯤ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯅꯥ ꯋꯥꯈꯜ ꯇꯥꯒꯗꯕꯅꯤ꯫

ꯇꯥꯕꯥ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯅꯥꯀꯣꯡꯒꯥ ꯃꯔꯤ ꯂꯩꯅꯕꯥ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯣꯕ꯭ꯂꯦꯃꯁꯤꯡ:

• ꯇꯥꯕꯥ ꯉꯃꯗꯕꯥ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯇꯣꯉꯥꯟ-ꯇꯣꯉꯥꯅꯕꯥ ꯗꯤꯒ꯭ꯔꯤꯁꯤꯡꯗꯥ ꯊꯣꯀꯄꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ꯫ ꯃꯤꯑꯣꯏ ꯈꯔꯗꯗꯤ ꯁꯣꯟꯊꯕꯥ ꯍꯟꯊꯕꯥ ꯈꯛꯇꯃꯛ ꯊꯦꯡꯅꯔꯀꯄꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ, ꯑꯗꯨꯒꯥ ꯑꯇꯩ ꯈꯔꯗꯗꯤ ꯃꯄꯨꯡꯐꯥꯅꯥ ꯑꯁꯣꯛ-ꯑꯄꯟ ꯊꯣꯀꯄꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ꯫

ꯃꯤꯠꯀꯤ ꯁꯃꯁ꯭ꯌꯥꯁꯤꯡ: ꯱.

• ꯁꯥꯊꯤꯕꯥ ꯅꯛꯅꯥ ꯎꯕꯥ (ꯅꯠꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯃꯥꯌꯣꯄꯤꯌꯥ) ꯍꯥꯌꯕꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯅꯛꯅꯥ ꯂꯩꯕꯥ ꯄꯣꯠꯁꯀꯁꯤꯡꯈꯛꯇꯅꯥ ꯃꯌꯦꯛ ꯁꯦꯡꯅꯥ ꯎꯕꯥ ꯐꯪꯏ, ꯑꯗꯨꯒꯥ ꯂꯥꯞꯅꯥ ꯂꯩꯕꯥ ꯄꯣꯠꯁꯀꯁꯤꯡꯗꯤ ꯃꯤꯠ ꯎꯗꯕꯥ ꯍꯥꯌꯕꯁꯤꯅꯤ꯫
• ꯔꯦꯇꯤꯅꯥ ꯂꯧꯊꯣꯀꯄꯥ꯫ ꯃꯁꯤ ꯈꯪꯍꯧꯗꯅꯥ ꯊꯣꯀꯄꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯈꯨꯗꯛꯇꯥ ꯂꯥꯏꯌꯦꯡꯕꯥ ꯃꯊꯧ ꯇꯥꯏ꯫
• ꯀꯦꯇꯦꯔꯦꯛꯇ ꯑꯁꯤ .
• ꯃꯤꯠꯀꯤ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯦꯁꯔ ꯍꯦꯅꯒꯠꯂꯀꯄꯥ, ꯃꯁꯤꯕꯨ ꯒ꯭ꯂꯣꯀꯣꯃꯥ ꯍꯥꯌꯅꯥ ꯀꯧꯏ꯫

ꯃꯥꯌꯗꯥ ꯎꯕꯥ ꯐꯪꯂꯤꯕꯥ ꯑꯈꯟꯅꯕꯥ ꯃꯑꯣꯡꯁꯤꯡ:

ꯑꯌꯥꯝꯕꯥ ꯃꯇꯃꯗꯥ, ꯀꯟꯗꯤꯁꯟ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯂꯩꯕꯥ ꯑꯉꯥꯡꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯐꯦꯁꯤꯑꯦꯜ ꯃꯑꯣꯡꯗꯁꯨ ꯃꯈꯣꯌꯒꯤ ꯗꯤꯚꯦꯂꯄꯃꯦꯟꯇꯗꯥ ꯁꯣꯀꯍꯅꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ꯫

• Cleft palate : ꯃꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯇꯥꯀꯄꯗꯤ ꯃꯤꯠꯀꯤ ꯌꯨꯃꯊꯛꯇꯥ ꯒꯦꯞ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯂꯩ ꯍꯥꯌꯕꯅꯤ꯫
• ꯑꯆꯝꯕꯥ ꯃꯑꯣꯡꯗꯥ ꯑꯄꯤꯀꯄꯥ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯔꯤꯁꯦꯁ ꯇꯧꯔꯕꯥ ꯂꯣꯌꯔꯕꯥ ꯈꯣꯡ (`ꯃꯥꯏꯛꯔꯣꯒ꯭ꯅꯥꯊꯤꯌꯥ`) : ꯃꯁꯤꯕꯨ ꯀꯔꯤꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯃꯇꯃꯗꯥ `ꯄꯤꯌꯔ ꯔꯣꯕꯤꯟ ꯁꯤꯛꯕꯦꯟꯁ` ꯍꯥꯌꯅꯥ ꯀꯧꯏ꯫ ꯃꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯑꯉꯥꯡ ꯈꯔꯗꯗꯤ ꯁ꯭ꯕꯔ ꯍꯣꯅꯕꯥ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯈꯣꯝꯂꯥꯡ ꯄꯤꯊꯀꯄꯗꯥ ꯈꯨꯗꯣꯡꯆꯥꯗꯕꯥ ꯊꯣꯀꯍꯜꯂꯀꯄꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ꯫
• ꯃꯥꯌꯊꯣꯡ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯇꯞꯅꯥ ꯇꯞꯅꯥ ꯁꯣꯟꯊꯔꯀꯏ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯅꯥꯀꯣꯡ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯑꯄꯤꯀꯄꯥ ꯑꯣꯏꯔꯀꯏ꯫

ꯑꯇꯣꯞꯄꯥ ꯂꯥꯏꯑꯣꯡꯁꯤꯡ: ꯱.

ꯃꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯃꯊꯛꯇꯥ, ꯑꯇꯩ ꯂꯥꯏꯑꯣꯡꯁꯤꯡꯁꯨ ꯎꯕꯥ ꯐꯪꯏ:

• ꯁ꯭ꯕꯔ ꯍꯣꯅꯕꯥ ꯋꯥꯕꯥ (ꯃꯔꯨꯑꯣꯏꯅꯥ ꯃꯥꯏꯛꯔꯣꯒ꯭ꯅꯦꯊꯤꯌꯥꯅꯥ ꯅꯥꯕꯥ ꯑꯉꯥꯡꯁꯤꯡꯗꯥ)꯫
• ꯅꯧꯅꯥ ꯄꯣꯀꯄꯥ ꯑꯉꯥꯡꯁꯤꯡꯗꯥ ꯄꯤꯖꯕꯗꯥ ꯈꯨꯗꯣꯡꯆꯥꯗꯕꯥ ꯊꯣꯀꯄꯥ꯫
• ꯃꯤꯠ ꯎꯗꯕꯥ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯇꯥꯕꯥ ꯉꯃꯗꯕꯅꯥ ꯃꯔꯝ ꯑꯣꯏꯗꯨꯅꯥ ꯇꯝꯅꯕꯒꯤ ꯁꯤꯡꯅꯕꯥ꯫

ꯃꯔꯨꯑꯣꯏꯕꯥ: ꯃꯤꯄꯨꯝ ꯈꯨꯗꯤꯡꯃꯛꯇꯥ ꯂꯥꯏꯑꯣꯡ ꯄꯨꯝꯅꯃꯛ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯎꯕꯥ ꯐꯪꯂꯣꯏ꯫ ꯀꯔꯤꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯑꯉꯥꯡ ꯑꯗꯨꯗꯥ ꯂꯥꯏꯑꯣꯡꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯃꯅꯨꯡꯗꯥ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯅꯠꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯑꯅꯤ ꯂꯩꯔꯕꯗꯤ ꯋꯥꯈꯜ ꯋꯥꯕꯥ ꯂꯩꯔꯣꯏꯗꯕꯅꯤ, ꯑꯗꯨꯕꯨ ꯀꯔꯤꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯅꯥ ꯃꯈꯣꯌ ꯀꯌꯥꯃꯔꯨꯝ ꯄꯨꯟꯅꯥ ꯎꯔꯕꯗꯤ, ꯃꯦꯗꯤꯀꯦꯂꯒꯤ ꯄꯥꯎꯇꯥꯛ ꯂꯧꯕꯅꯥ ꯈ꯭ꯕꯥꯏꯗꯒꯤ ꯐꯩ꯫

ꯁ꯭ꯇꯤꯀꯂꯔ ꯁꯤꯟꯗꯣꯃꯒꯤ ꯇꯣꯉꯥꯟ-ꯇꯣꯉꯥꯅꯕꯥ ꯃꯈꯂꯁꯤꯡ ꯂꯩꯕ꯭ꯔꯥ?

ꯍꯣꯌ, ꯁ꯭ꯇꯤꯀꯂꯔ ꯁꯤꯟꯗꯣꯃꯒꯤ ꯃꯔꯨꯑꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯃꯈꯜ ꯶ ꯃꯁꯛ ꯈꯪꯗꯣꯛꯂꯦ꯫ ꯂꯥꯏꯑꯣꯡꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯃꯑꯣꯡ-ꯃꯇꯧ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯃꯑꯣꯡ-ꯃꯇꯧ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯃꯈꯂꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯨꯡꯏꯟꯅꯥ ꯈꯦꯠꯅꯩ꯫

• ꯃꯈꯜ I: ꯃꯁꯤ ꯈ꯭ꯕꯥꯏꯗꯒꯤ ꯀꯃꯟ ꯑꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯃꯈꯂꯅꯤ . ꯃꯌꯥꯏ ꯑꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯁꯣꯟꯊꯕꯥ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯃꯅꯥꯛ ꯅꯀꯄꯗꯥ ꯂꯩꯕꯥ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯃꯔꯨꯑꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯂꯥꯏꯑꯣꯡꯁꯤꯡꯅꯤ꯫
• ꯃꯈꯜ II: ꯃꯁꯤ ꯍꯦꯟꯅꯥ ꯁꯥꯊꯤꯅꯥ ꯁꯣꯀꯍꯜꯂꯤꯕꯁꯤ ꯇꯥꯕꯥ ꯉꯃꯗꯕꯥ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯅꯛꯅꯥ ꯎꯕꯥ ꯉꯃꯗꯕꯅꯥ ꯑꯣꯏ꯫
• ꯇꯥꯏꯞ III: ꯇꯥꯕꯥ ꯉꯃꯗꯕꯥ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯁꯔꯨ ꯇꯥꯡꯒꯤ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯣꯕ꯭ꯂꯦꯃꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯃꯔꯨꯑꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯂꯥꯏꯑꯣꯡꯁꯤꯡꯅꯤ꯫ ꯚꯤꯖꯅꯒꯤ ꯂꯥꯏꯑꯣꯡꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯃꯍꯧꯁꯥꯅꯥ ꯂꯩꯇꯦ .
• ꯃꯈꯜ IV, V, ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ VI: ꯃꯈꯂꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯅꯦꯝꯃꯤ . ꯃꯈꯣꯌꯗꯥ ꯁꯥꯊꯤꯕꯥ ꯃꯤꯠ ꯎꯗꯕꯥ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯁꯣꯟꯊꯕꯒꯤ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯣꯕ꯭ꯂꯦꯝ ꯂꯩꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ꯫ ꯃꯈꯣꯌꯗꯥ ꯍꯦꯟꯅꯥ ꯀꯝꯞꯂꯦꯛꯁ ꯑꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯂꯥꯏꯑꯣꯡꯁꯤꯡꯁꯨ ꯂꯩꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ, ꯃꯈꯣꯌ ꯑꯗꯨꯗꯤ ꯂꯝꯕꯤꯒꯤ ꯁꯔꯨ ꯇꯥꯡꯁꯤꯡ (spondyloepiphyseal dysplasia) ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯑꯔꯊ꯭ꯔꯥꯏꯇꯤꯁ ꯑꯁꯤꯅꯆꯤꯡꯕꯅꯤ꯫

ꯗꯣꯛꯇꯔꯁꯤꯡꯅꯥ ꯂꯥꯏꯑꯣꯡꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯇꯦꯁ꯭ꯇꯁꯤꯡꯗꯥ ꯌꯨꯝꯐꯝ ꯑꯣꯏꯗꯨꯅꯥ ꯃꯤꯑꯣꯏ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯀꯔꯝꯕꯥ ꯃꯈꯂꯒꯤꯅꯣ ꯍꯥꯌꯕꯗꯨ ꯂꯦꯄꯊꯣꯀꯏ꯫

ꯃꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯃꯔꯝ ꯀꯔꯤꯅꯣ? ꯖꯤꯅꯦꯇꯤꯛ ꯏꯅꯐ꯭ꯂꯨꯑꯦꯟꯖꯥ ꯍꯥꯌꯕꯁꯤ ꯀꯔꯤꯅꯣ?

ꯁ꯭ꯇꯤꯛꯂꯔ ꯁꯤꯟꯗꯣꯃꯒꯤ ꯃꯔꯨꯑꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯃꯔꯃꯗꯤ ꯖꯦꯅꯦꯇꯤꯛ ꯃ꯭ꯌꯨꯇꯦꯁꯟ ꯑꯃꯅꯤ . ꯃꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯃ꯭ꯌꯨꯇꯦꯁꯟ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯑꯩꯈꯣꯌꯒꯤ ꯍꯀꯆꯥꯡꯗꯥ ꯀꯣꯂꯥꯖꯦꯟ ꯀꯧꯕꯥ ꯑꯈꯟꯅꯕꯥ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯣꯇꯤꯟ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯄꯨꯊꯣꯛꯅꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯊꯪ ꯄꯤꯔꯤꯕꯥ ꯖꯤꯟ ꯶ꯀꯤ ꯃꯅꯨꯡꯗꯥ ꯑꯃꯍꯦꯛꯇꯗꯥ ꯊꯣꯀꯄꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ . ꯀꯣꯂꯥꯖꯦꯟ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯑꯩꯈꯣꯌꯒꯤ ꯀꯅꯦꯛꯇꯤꯕ ꯇꯤꯁ꯭ꯌꯨꯁꯤꯡꯗꯥ ꯃꯈꯣꯌꯒꯤ ꯐ꯭ꯂꯦꯛꯁꯤꯕꯤꯂꯤꯇꯤ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯄꯥꯉ꯭ꯒꯜ ꯄꯤꯔꯤꯕꯥ ꯃꯔꯨꯑꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯄꯣꯠꯁꯛ ꯑꯃꯅꯤ꯫ ꯃꯁꯤ ꯔꯕ꯭ꯕꯔ ꯕꯦꯟꯗ ꯑꯃꯒꯨꯝꯅꯥ ꯈꯅꯕꯤꯌꯨ, ꯃꯗꯨꯅꯥ ꯃꯈꯣꯌꯗꯥ ꯏꯂꯥꯁ꯭ꯇꯤꯁꯤꯇꯤ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯄꯥꯉ꯭ꯒꯜ ꯄꯤꯔꯤ꯫

ꯃꯔꯝ ꯑꯗꯨꯅꯥ ꯖꯤꯅꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤꯗꯥ ꯑꯁꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯂꯩꯔꯀꯄꯥ ꯃꯇꯃꯗꯥ ꯀꯣꯂꯥꯖꯦꯟ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯣꯇꯤꯟ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯃꯑꯣꯡ ꯆꯨꯝꯅꯥ ꯄꯨꯊꯣꯀꯄꯥ ꯉꯃꯗꯦ꯫ ꯃꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯃꯔꯨꯑꯣꯏꯅꯥ ꯑꯩꯈꯣꯌꯒꯤ ꯀꯥꯔꯇꯤꯂꯦꯖ ꯁꯦꯝꯂꯤꯕꯥ ꯀꯣꯂꯥꯖꯦꯟ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯑꯩꯈꯣꯌꯒꯤ ꯃꯤꯠꯀꯤ ꯃꯅꯨꯡꯗꯥ ꯂꯩꯕꯥ ꯖꯦꯂꯤꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯄꯣꯠꯁꯛ ꯑꯗꯨꯗꯥ ꯁꯣꯀꯍꯜꯂꯤ꯫ ꯖꯤꯅꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯃꯅꯨꯡꯗꯥ `(COL2A1)`, `(COL11A1)`, `(COL11A2)`ꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯖꯤꯅꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯃꯔꯨ ꯑꯣꯏ꯫

ꯀꯔꯤꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯑꯉꯥꯡ ꯑꯃꯅꯥ ꯃ꯭ꯌꯨꯇꯦꯁꯟ ꯇꯧꯔꯕꯥ ꯖꯤꯅꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯃꯅꯨꯡꯗꯥ ꯑꯃꯕꯨ ꯏꯅꯍꯦꯔꯤ ꯇꯧꯔꯕꯗꯤ ꯃꯈꯣꯌꯗꯥ ꯁ꯭ꯇꯤꯀꯂꯔ ꯁꯤꯟꯗꯣꯃꯒꯤ ꯂꯥꯏꯑꯣꯡ ꯎꯠꯄꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ꯫

ꯍꯥꯌꯔꯤꯕꯥ ꯖꯤꯅꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯀꯔꯝꯅꯥ ꯏꯅꯍꯦꯔꯤ ꯇꯧꯕꯒꯦ?

ꯃꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯏꯅꯍꯦꯔꯤꯇꯦꯁꯅꯒꯤ ꯃꯔꯨꯑꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯃꯑꯣꯡ ꯑꯅꯤ ꯂꯩ:

• ꯑꯣꯇꯣꯁꯣꯃꯜ ꯗꯣꯃꯤꯅꯦꯟꯇ ꯑꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯃꯑꯣꯡ:ꯃꯁꯤ ꯈ꯭ꯕꯥꯏꯗꯒꯤ ꯀꯃꯟ ꯑꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯃꯈꯂꯅꯤ (ꯃꯔꯨꯑꯣꯏꯅꯥ ꯃꯈꯜ I, II, ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ III)꯫ ꯃꯐꯝ ꯑꯁꯤꯗꯥ ꯊꯣꯛꯂꯤꯕꯥ ꯑꯁꯤꯗꯤ ꯃꯃꯥ-ꯃꯄꯥ ꯑꯃꯅꯥ ꯖꯤꯟ ꯃ꯭ꯌꯨꯇꯦꯁꯟ ꯂꯩꯔꯕꯁꯨ ꯑꯉꯥꯡ ꯑꯗꯨꯅꯥ ꯃꯗꯨ ꯏꯅꯍꯦꯔꯤ ꯇꯧꯕꯒꯤ ꯆꯥꯡ 50% ꯂꯩ꯫
• ꯑꯣꯇꯣꯁꯣꯃꯜ ꯔꯤꯁꯦꯁꯤꯚ: ꯃꯁꯤ ꯈꯔꯥ ꯍꯦꯟꯅꯥ ꯅꯦꯝꯃꯤ (ꯃꯁꯤ ꯃꯈꯜ IV, V, ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ VIꯗꯥ ꯎꯕꯥ ꯐꯪꯏ)꯫ ꯃꯐꯝ ꯑꯁꯤꯗꯥ ꯃꯃꯥ-ꯃꯄꯥ ꯑꯅꯤꯃꯛ ꯍꯀꯆꯥꯡ ꯐꯕꯥ ꯀꯦꯔꯤꯌꯔ ꯑꯣꯏꯒꯗꯕꯅꯤ . ꯍꯥꯌꯕꯗꯤ ꯃꯈꯣꯌꯗꯥ ꯂꯥꯏꯑꯣꯡ ꯑꯃꯠꯇꯥ ꯂꯩꯇꯦ ꯑꯗꯨꯕꯨ ꯃꯈꯣꯌꯗꯥ ꯃ꯭ꯌꯨꯇꯦꯁꯟ ꯇꯧꯔꯕꯥ ꯖꯤꯟ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯂꯩ꯫ ꯀꯔꯤꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯑꯣꯏꯔꯒꯗꯤ, ꯑꯉꯥꯡ ꯑꯗꯨꯅꯥ ꯀꯟꯗꯤꯁꯟ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯏꯅꯍꯦꯔꯤ ꯇꯧꯔꯀꯄꯒꯤ ꯆꯥꯡ 25% ꯂꯩ꯫

ꯀꯔꯤꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯃꯇꯃꯗꯥ, ꯑꯅꯧꯕꯥ ꯖꯦꯅꯦꯇꯤꯛ ꯃ꯭ꯌꯨꯇꯦꯁꯟ (`de novo mutation`) ꯑꯃꯥ ꯔꯦꯟꯗꯝ ꯑꯣꯏꯅꯥ ꯊꯣꯀꯄꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ , ꯏꯃꯨꯡꯒꯤ ꯍꯤꯁ꯭ꯇꯔꯤ ꯑꯃꯠꯇꯥ ꯂꯩꯇꯦ꯫ ꯍꯥꯌꯔꯤꯕꯥ ꯋꯥꯐꯃꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯍꯥꯟꯅꯥ ꯂꯥꯎꯊꯣꯀꯄꯥ ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯂꯨꯏ꯫

ꯗꯣꯛꯇꯔꯁꯤꯡꯅꯥ ꯃꯁꯤ ꯀꯔꯝꯅꯥ ꯂꯥꯌꯦꯡꯒꯅꯤ?

ꯗꯣꯛꯇꯔ ꯑꯃꯅꯥ ꯁ꯭ꯇꯤꯀꯂꯔ ꯁꯤꯟꯗꯣꯝ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯈꯪꯗꯣꯛꯅꯕꯥ ꯈꯣꯡꯊꯥꯡ ꯀꯌꯥ ꯂꯧꯈꯠꯂꯤ꯫

• ꯑꯀꯨꯞꯄꯥ ꯏꯃꯨꯡꯒꯤ ꯃꯦꯗꯤꯀꯦꯜ ꯍꯤꯁ꯭ꯇꯔꯤ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯐꯤꯖꯤꯀꯦꯜ ꯑꯦꯀꯖꯥꯃꯤꯅꯦꯁꯟ ꯑꯃꯥ: ꯑꯍꯥꯅꯕꯗꯥ, ꯅꯍꯥꯛ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯑꯉꯥꯡ ꯑꯗꯨꯗꯥ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯂꯥꯏꯑꯣꯡꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯏꯃꯨꯡꯒꯤ ꯀꯅꯥꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯑꯃꯅꯥ ꯃꯥꯟꯅꯕꯥ ꯀꯟꯗꯤꯁꯅꯁꯤꯡ ꯂꯩꯈꯤꯕ꯭ꯔꯥ ꯍꯥꯌꯕꯗꯨ ꯍꯪꯒꯅꯤ꯫ ꯃꯗꯨꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯨꯡꯗꯥ, ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯑꯉꯥꯡ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯃꯥꯌ, ꯅꯥꯀꯣꯡ, ꯃꯤꯠ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯁꯔꯨ ꯇꯥꯡꯁꯤꯡꯗꯥ ꯑꯈꯟꯅꯕꯥ ꯃꯑꯣꯡ-ꯃꯇꯧ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯂꯩꯕ꯭ꯔꯥ ꯍꯥꯌꯕꯗꯨ ꯌꯦꯡꯒꯅꯤ꯫
• ꯚꯤꯖꯟ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯍꯤꯌꯔꯤꯡ ꯇꯦꯁ꯭ꯇꯁꯤꯡ: ꯍꯥꯌꯔꯤꯕꯥ ꯇꯦꯁ꯭ꯇꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯁ꯭ꯄꯦꯁꯤꯑꯦꯂꯤꯁ꯭ꯠ ꯗꯣꯛꯇꯔꯁꯤꯡꯅꯥ ꯚꯤꯖꯟ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯍꯤꯌꯔꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯊꯥꯛ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯌꯦꯡꯁꯤꯟꯅꯕꯥ ꯄꯥꯡꯊꯣꯀꯏ꯫
• ꯏꯃꯦꯖꯤꯡ ꯇꯦꯁ꯭ꯇꯁꯤꯡ: ꯀꯔꯤꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯃꯇꯃꯗꯥ ꯁꯔꯨ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯁꯔꯨ ꯇꯥꯡꯁꯤꯡꯗꯥ ꯑꯁꯣꯛ-ꯑꯄꯟ ꯂꯩꯕ꯭ꯔꯥ ꯍꯥꯌꯕꯗꯨ ꯌꯦꯡꯁꯤꯟꯅꯕꯥ ꯑꯦꯛꯁ-ꯔꯦꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯇꯦꯁ꯭ꯇꯁꯤꯡ ꯇꯧꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ꯫
• ꯖꯦꯅꯦꯇꯤꯛ ꯇꯦꯁ꯭ꯇꯤꯡ: ꯃꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯗꯤꯐꯤꯅꯤꯇꯤꯚ ꯗꯥꯏꯑꯦꯒ꯭ꯅꯣꯁꯤꯁ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯁꯦꯝꯕꯗꯥ ꯃꯇꯦꯡ ꯄꯥꯡꯂꯤꯕꯥ ꯃꯔꯨꯑꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯇꯦꯁ꯭ꯇꯅꯤ꯫ ꯏꯒꯤ ꯁꯦꯝꯄꯜ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯅꯠꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯇꯤꯁ꯭ꯌꯨ ꯁꯦꯝꯄꯜ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯂꯧꯗꯨꯅꯥ ꯁ꯭ꯇꯤꯀꯂꯔ ꯁꯤꯟꯗꯣꯝ ꯊꯣꯀꯍꯜꯂꯤꯕꯥ ꯖꯦꯅꯦꯇꯤꯛ ꯃ꯭ꯌꯨꯇꯦꯁꯅꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤꯗꯃꯛ ꯇꯦꯁ꯭ꯠ ꯇꯧꯏ꯫

ꯃꯁꯤ ꯑꯉꯥꯡ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯄꯣꯀꯄꯥ ꯃꯃꯥꯡꯗꯥ ꯈꯪꯗꯣꯀꯄꯥ ꯉꯃꯒꯗ꯭ꯔꯥ?

ꯍꯣꯌ, ꯀꯔꯤꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯃꯇꯃꯗꯥ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯤꯅꯦꯇꯦꯜ ꯖꯦꯅꯦꯇꯤꯛ ꯇꯦꯁ꯭ꯠ ꯇꯧꯕꯅꯥ ꯑꯉꯥꯡ ꯑꯃꯒꯤ ꯖꯤꯅꯁꯤꯡꯗꯥ ꯑꯦꯕꯅꯣꯔꯃꯦꯂꯤꯇꯤ ꯅꯠꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯃ꯭ꯌꯨꯇꯦꯁꯟ ꯑꯃꯍꯦꯛꯇꯕꯨ ꯈꯪꯗꯣꯀꯄꯥ ꯉꯝꯃꯤ꯫ ꯑꯗꯨꯝ ꯑꯣꯏꯅꯃꯛ, ꯃꯍꯧꯁꯥꯅꯥ ꯑꯉꯥꯡ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯄꯣꯀꯄꯥ ꯃꯇꯨꯡꯗꯥ, ꯃꯄꯨꯡꯐꯥꯕꯥ ꯐꯤꯖꯤꯀꯦꯜ ꯑꯦꯀꯖꯥꯃꯤꯅꯦꯁꯟ ꯇꯧꯔꯕꯥ ꯃꯇꯨꯡꯗꯥ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯂꯥꯏꯑꯣꯡꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯀꯅꯐꯥꯔꯝ ꯇꯧꯅꯕꯥ ꯑꯇꯩ ꯃꯊꯧ ꯇꯥꯕꯥ ꯇꯦꯁ꯭ꯇꯁꯤꯡ ꯄꯥꯡꯊꯣꯛꯂꯕꯥ ꯃꯇꯨꯡꯗꯥ ꯗꯤꯐꯤꯅꯤꯇꯤꯚ ꯗꯥꯏꯑꯦꯒ꯭ꯅꯣꯁꯤꯁ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯇꯧꯏ꯫

ꯁ꯭ꯇꯤꯀꯂꯔ ꯁꯤꯟꯗꯣꯃꯒꯤ ꯂꯥꯏꯌꯦꯡꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯀꯔꯤꯅꯣ?

ꯃꯁꯤ ꯃꯤꯑꯣꯏ ꯀꯌꯥꯅꯥ ꯊꯦꯡꯅꯔꯤꯕꯥ ꯈꯨꯗꯣꯡꯆꯥꯗꯕꯥ ꯑꯃꯅꯤ꯫ ꯍꯧꯖꯤꯛꯀꯤ ꯑꯣꯏꯅꯥ ꯁ꯭ꯇꯤꯀꯂꯔ ꯁꯤꯟꯗꯣꯃꯒꯤ ꯂꯥꯌꯦꯡ ꯑꯃꯠꯇꯥ ꯂꯩꯇꯦ꯫ ꯑꯗꯨꯕꯨ ꯋꯥꯈꯜ ꯋꯥꯕꯥ ꯂꯩꯔꯣꯏꯗꯕꯅꯤ꯫ ꯂꯥꯏꯑꯣꯡꯁꯤꯡ ꯀꯟꯠꯔꯣꯜ ꯇꯧꯅꯕꯥ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯃꯈꯣꯌꯒꯤ ꯏꯝꯄꯦꯛꯇ ꯍꯟꯊꯍꯟꯅꯕꯥ ꯏꯐꯦꯛꯇꯤꯕ ꯑꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯂꯥꯌꯦꯡ ꯀꯌꯥ ꯂꯩꯔꯤ . ꯉꯟꯅꯥ ꯈꯪꯗꯣꯀꯄꯥ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯂꯥꯏꯌꯦꯡꯕꯥ ꯍꯥꯌꯕꯁꯤ ꯈ꯭ꯕꯥꯏꯗꯒꯤ ꯃꯔꯨꯑꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯋꯥꯐꯃꯁꯤꯡꯅꯤ꯫ ꯃꯔꯨꯑꯣꯏꯅꯥ ꯔꯦꯇꯤꯅꯥ ꯅꯠꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯁꯔꯨ ꯇꯥꯡꯒꯤ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯣꯕ꯭ꯂꯦꯃꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯀꯦꯁꯁꯤꯡꯗꯥ, ꯉꯟꯅꯥ ꯂꯥꯏꯌꯦꯡꯕꯅꯥ ꯑꯆꯧꯕꯥ ꯑꯃꯥꯡ-ꯑꯇꯥꯁꯤꯡ ꯊꯤꯡꯕꯥ ꯉꯝꯃꯤ꯫

ꯂꯥꯏꯌꯦꯡꯕꯒꯤ ꯃꯑꯣꯡ-ꯃꯇꯧꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯂꯥꯏꯑꯣꯡꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯨꯡꯏꯟꯅꯥ ꯈꯦꯠꯅꯩ꯫ ꯃꯔꯨꯑꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯂꯥꯏꯌꯦꯡ ꯈꯔꯗꯤ ꯃꯈꯥꯗꯥ ꯄꯤꯔꯤ:

• ꯃꯤꯠ ꯎꯗꯕꯥ ꯐꯒꯠꯍꯅꯕꯥ꯫ꯑꯥꯏꯒ꯭ꯂꯥꯁ ꯅꯠꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯀꯟꯇꯦꯛꯇ ꯂꯦꯟꯁ ꯄꯤꯕꯥ꯫
• ꯍꯤꯌꯥꯔꯤꯡ ꯐꯒꯠꯍꯟꯅꯕꯥ ꯍꯤꯌꯥꯔꯤꯡ ꯑꯦꯗꯁꯤꯡ ꯄꯤꯕꯥ꯫
• ꯁꯔꯨ ꯇꯥꯡꯒꯤ ꯑꯅꯥꯕꯥ ꯍꯟꯊꯍꯟꯅꯕꯥ ꯍꯤꯗꯥꯛ-ꯂꯥꯡꯊꯛ ꯄꯤꯕꯥ꯫
• ꯀꯔꯤꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯍꯥꯀꯆꯥꯡꯗꯥ ꯀꯨꯄꯁꯤꯅꯕꯥ ꯅꯠꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯁꯣꯟꯊꯕꯥ ꯂꯩꯔꯕꯗꯤ, ꯃꯗꯨ ꯆꯨꯃꯊꯣꯛꯅꯕꯥ ꯑꯣꯔꯊꯣꯗꯣꯟꯇꯤꯛ ꯇ꯭ꯔꯤꯠꯃꯦꯟꯇ ꯄꯥꯡꯊꯣꯀꯄꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ꯫
• ꯁꯔꯨ ꯇꯥꯡꯁꯤꯡ ꯃꯄꯥꯉ꯭ꯒꯜ ꯀꯅꯈꯠꯍꯟꯅꯕꯥ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯃꯣꯕꯤꯂꯤꯇꯤ ꯐꯒꯠꯍꯟꯅꯕꯥ ꯐꯤꯖꯤꯀꯦꯜ ꯊꯦꯔꯥꯄꯤ ( ꯑꯈꯟꯅꯕꯥ ꯑꯦꯛꯁꯔꯁꯥꯏꯖꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ)꯫
• ꯂꯦꯟꯕ:
• ꯇꯣꯈꯥꯌꯕꯥ ꯔꯦꯇꯤꯅꯥ (retinal reattachment surgery) ꯑꯃꯥ ꯑꯃꯨꯛ ꯍꯟꯅꯥ ꯁꯦꯃꯖꯤꯅꯕꯥ (reattachment)꯫
• ꯀ꯭ꯂꯦꯐꯠ ꯄꯦꯂꯦꯠ ꯔꯤꯄꯦꯌꯥꯔ ꯇꯧꯕꯥ꯫
• ꯀꯔꯤꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯁ꯭ꯕꯔ ꯍꯣꯅꯕꯥ ꯋꯥꯕꯥ ꯑꯣꯏꯔꯕꯗꯤ, ꯁ꯭ꯕꯔ ꯍꯣꯅꯕꯥ ꯋꯥꯕꯥ (tracheostomy) ꯑꯃꯥ ꯑꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ) ꯈꯣꯡꯗꯥ ꯑꯄꯤꯀꯄꯥ ꯇꯤꯎꯕ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯊꯝꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ꯫
• ꯑꯁꯣꯀꯄꯥ ꯁꯔꯨꯀꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯔꯤꯄꯦꯌꯥꯔ ꯇꯧꯕꯥ ꯅꯠꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯃꯍꯨꯠ ꯁꯤꯅꯕꯥ꯫

ꯂꯥꯏꯌꯦꯡ ꯑꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯈꯨꯠꯊꯥꯡꯗꯥ, ꯁ꯭ꯇꯤꯀꯂꯔ ꯁꯤꯟꯗꯣꯝ ꯂꯩꯕꯥ ꯑꯉꯥꯡꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯑꯍꯂꯁꯤꯡꯅꯥ ꯅꯣꯔꯃꯦꯜ, ꯃꯄꯨꯡ ꯐꯥꯕꯥ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯑꯦꯛꯇꯤꯕ ꯑꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯄꯨꯟꯁꯤ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯍꯤꯡꯕꯗꯥ ꯑꯆꯧꯕꯥ ꯃꯇꯦꯡ ꯐꯪꯏ .

ꯃꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯐꯤꯚꯝ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯊꯤꯡꯕꯥ ꯉꯃꯒꯗ꯭ꯔꯥ?

ꯁ꯭ꯇꯤꯀꯂꯔ ꯁꯤꯟꯗꯣꯝ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯖꯦꯅꯦꯇꯤꯛ ꯀꯟꯗꯤꯁꯟ ꯑꯃꯅꯤ, ꯃꯔꯝ ꯑꯗꯨꯅꯥ ꯃꯁꯤ ꯊꯤꯡꯕꯥ ꯉꯃꯗꯦ . ꯑꯗꯨꯝ ꯑꯣꯏꯅꯃꯛ, ꯀꯔꯤꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯏꯃꯨꯡꯒꯤ ꯃꯤꯑꯣꯏ ꯑꯃꯅꯥ ꯀꯟꯗꯤꯁꯟ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯂꯩꯔꯕꯗꯤ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯅꯥ ꯑꯉꯥꯡ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯄꯣꯛꯅꯕꯥ ꯊꯧꯔꯥꯡ ꯇꯧꯔꯕꯗꯤ, ꯖꯦꯅꯦꯇꯤꯛ ꯀꯥꯎꯟꯁꯦꯂꯤꯡ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯖꯦꯅꯦꯇꯤꯛ ꯇꯦꯁ꯭ꯇꯤꯡꯅꯥ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯑꯉꯥꯡ ꯑꯗꯨꯅꯥ ꯀꯟꯗꯤꯁꯟ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯏꯅꯍꯦꯔꯤ ꯇꯧꯕꯒꯤ ꯔꯤꯁ꯭ꯛ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯈꯪꯕꯗꯥ ꯃꯇꯦꯡ ꯄꯥꯡꯒꯅꯤ꯫

ꯁ꯭ꯇꯤꯀꯂꯔ ꯁꯤꯟꯗꯣꯃꯒꯥ ꯂꯣꯌꯅꯅꯥ ꯍꯤꯡꯂꯤꯉꯩꯗꯥ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯅꯥ ꯀꯔꯤ ꯑꯥꯁꯥ ꯇꯧꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯕꯒꯦ?

ꯀꯟꯗꯤꯁꯟ ꯑꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯂꯥꯌꯦꯡ ꯑꯃꯠꯇꯥ ꯂꯩꯇꯕꯁꯨ, ꯃꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯃꯤꯑꯣꯏ ꯑꯃꯒꯤ ꯄꯨꯟꯁꯤꯗꯥ ꯑꯀꯥꯌꯕꯥ ꯄꯤꯗꯦ . ꯍꯥꯌꯕꯗꯤ, ꯀꯟꯗꯤꯁꯟ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯂꯩꯕꯥ ꯃꯤꯑꯣꯏꯁꯤꯡꯅꯥ ꯑꯇꯩ ꯃꯤꯑꯣꯏꯁꯤꯡꯒꯨꯝꯅꯥ ꯅꯣꯔꯃꯦꯜ ꯑꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯄꯨꯟꯁꯤ ꯃꯍꯤꯡ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯍꯤꯡꯏ꯫ ꯆꯥꯡ ꯅꯥꯏꯅꯥ ꯃꯦꯗꯤꯀꯦꯜ ꯃꯣꯅꯤꯇꯔꯤꯡ, ꯃꯊꯧ ꯇꯥꯕꯥ ꯂꯥꯏꯌꯦꯡ, ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯁꯄꯣꯔꯠ ꯄꯤꯕꯅꯥ ꯃꯤꯑꯣꯏ ꯀꯌꯥꯅꯥ ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯑꯦꯛꯇꯤꯚ ꯑꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯃꯄꯨꯡꯐꯥꯕꯥ ꯄꯨꯟꯁꯤ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯍꯤꯡꯏ꯫

ꯈ꯭ꯕꯥꯏꯗꯒꯤ ꯃꯔꯨꯑꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯋꯥꯐꯃꯗꯤ ꯑꯉꯥꯡ ꯑꯣꯏꯔꯤꯉꯩꯗꯥ ꯅꯠꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯑꯉꯥꯡ ꯑꯣꯏꯔꯤꯉꯩꯗꯥ ꯂꯥꯌꯅꯥ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯈꯉꯗꯣꯀꯄꯅꯤ . ꯃꯗꯨꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯨꯡꯗꯥ, ꯂꯥꯏꯑꯣꯡꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯊꯨꯅꯥ ꯃꯦꯅꯦꯖ ꯇꯧꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯇꯨꯡꯗꯥ ꯂꯥꯀꯄꯥ ꯌꯥꯕꯥ ꯀꯃꯞꯂꯤꯀꯦꯁꯅꯁꯤꯡ ꯊꯤꯡꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ꯫

ꯀꯔꯤꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯃꯇꯃꯗꯥ ꯂꯥꯏꯑꯣꯡꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯂꯥꯏꯌꯦꯡꯕꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯨꯡꯗꯁꯨ ꯑꯃꯨꯛ ꯍꯟꯅꯥ ꯂꯥꯀꯄꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ꯫ ꯈꯨꯗꯝ ꯑꯣꯏꯅꯥ, ꯀꯔꯤꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯅꯥ ꯇꯣꯈꯥꯌꯅꯥ ꯂꯩꯕꯥ ꯔꯦꯇꯤꯅꯥ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯂꯧꯊꯣꯛꯅꯕꯥ ꯁꯔꯖꯔꯤ ꯇꯧꯔꯕꯁꯨ, ꯀꯟꯗꯤꯁꯟ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯑꯃꯨꯛ ꯍꯟꯅꯥ ꯂꯥꯀꯄꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ꯫ ꯃꯔꯝ ꯑꯗꯨꯅꯥ ꯆꯥꯡ ꯅꯥꯏꯅꯥ ꯃꯦꯗꯤꯀꯦꯜ ꯆꯦꯛ-ꯑꯄꯁꯤꯡꯗꯥ ꯁꯔꯨꯛ ꯌꯥꯕꯥ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯂꯥꯏꯑꯣꯡꯁꯤꯡꯗꯥ ꯄꯨꯛꯅꯤꯡ ꯆꯪꯕꯥ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯃꯔꯨꯑꯣꯏ .

ꯅꯨꯃꯤꯠ ꯈꯨꯗꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯊꯕꯛ ꯊꯧꯔꯃꯁꯤꯡꯗꯥ ꯏꯝꯄꯦꯛꯇ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯂꯩꯕꯔꯥ?

ꯃꯁꯤ ꯂꯥꯏꯑꯣꯡꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯃꯑꯣꯡ-ꯃꯇꯧꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯨꯡꯏꯟꯅꯥ ꯃꯤꯑꯣꯏ ꯑꯃꯗꯒꯤ ꯃꯤꯑꯣꯏ ꯑꯃꯗꯥ ꯈꯦꯠꯅꯩ꯫ ꯃꯤꯑꯣꯏ ꯈꯔꯗꯤ ꯏꯝꯄꯦꯛꯇ ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯂꯩꯇꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ, ꯑꯗꯨꯒꯥ ꯑꯇꯩ ꯈꯔꯅꯥ ꯂꯤꯃꯤꯇꯦꯁꯟ ꯈꯔꯒꯥ ꯂꯣꯌꯅꯅꯥ ꯍꯤꯡꯕꯥ ꯃꯊꯧ ꯇꯥꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ꯫ ꯃꯔꯨꯑꯣꯏꯅꯥ, ꯗꯣꯛꯇꯔꯁꯤꯡꯅꯥ ꯀꯟꯇꯦꯛꯇ ꯁ꯭ꯄꯣꯔꯇꯁ , ꯍꯥꯌꯕꯗꯤ ꯔꯒꯕꯤ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯐꯨꯇꯕꯣꯂꯗꯒꯤ ꯂꯥꯞꯅꯥ ꯂꯩꯅꯕꯥ ꯄꯥꯎꯇꯥꯛ ꯄꯤꯔꯤ, ꯃꯔꯃꯗꯤ ꯑꯁꯤꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯁꯥꯟꯅꯄꯣꯠꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤꯗꯥ ꯔꯦꯇꯤꯟ ꯗꯤꯇꯆꯃꯦꯟꯇꯀꯤ ꯔꯤꯁ꯭ꯛ ꯍꯦꯟꯅꯥ ꯋꯥꯡꯏ꯫

ꯀꯗꯥꯏꯗꯥ ꯗꯣꯛꯇꯔꯒꯥ ꯇꯥꯟꯅꯒꯗꯒꯦ?

ꯀꯔꯤꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯅꯍꯥꯛ ꯅꯠꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯑꯉꯥꯡ ꯑꯗꯨꯅꯥ ꯁ꯭ꯇꯤꯀꯂꯔ ꯁꯤꯟꯗꯣꯃꯒꯥ ꯃꯔꯤ ꯂꯩꯅꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ ꯍꯥꯌꯅꯥ ꯈꯜꯂꯤꯕꯥ ꯂꯥꯏꯑꯣꯡꯁꯤꯡ ꯂꯩꯔꯕꯗꯤ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯅꯣꯡꯃꯒꯤ ꯑꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯊꯕꯛ ꯊꯧꯔꯃꯁꯤꯡꯗꯥ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯅꯥ ꯊꯕꯛ ꯇꯧꯕꯥ ꯉꯃꯗꯕꯥ ꯃꯑꯣꯡꯗꯥ ꯁꯣꯀꯍꯜꯂꯕꯗꯤ, ꯗꯣꯛꯇꯔ ꯑꯃꯗꯥ ꯁꯣꯌꯗꯅꯥ ꯇꯥꯀꯄꯤꯌꯨ꯫

• ꯀꯔꯤꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯁꯔꯨ ꯇꯥꯡꯁꯤꯡꯗꯥ ꯁꯥꯊꯤꯕꯥ ꯑꯅꯥꯕꯥ ꯂꯩꯔꯕꯗꯤ .
• ꯀꯔꯤꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯃꯤꯠ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯈꯪꯍꯧꯗꯅꯥ ꯍꯣꯡꯂꯛꯂꯕꯗꯤ (ꯈꯨꯗꯝ ꯑꯣꯏꯅꯥ, ꯃꯤꯠ ꯎꯗꯕꯥ, ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯃꯤꯠꯀꯤ ꯃꯃꯥꯡꯗꯥ ꯃꯩꯁꯥ ꯂꯥꯀꯄꯥ ꯎꯕꯥ, ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯃꯤꯠꯀꯤ ꯃꯃꯥꯡꯗꯥ ꯕ꯭ꯂꯦꯛ ꯗꯣꯇꯁꯤꯡ ꯅꯠꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯅꯦꯠꯁꯤꯡ ꯆꯦꯟꯊꯔꯀꯄꯥ ꯎꯕꯥ, ꯅꯠꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯃꯤꯠ ꯎꯗꯕꯒꯤ ꯁꯔꯨꯛ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯁꯦꯡꯅꯥ ꯎꯕꯥ ꯐꯪꯂꯕꯗꯤ - ꯍꯥꯌꯔꯤꯕꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯔꯦꯇꯤꯅꯥ ꯂꯥꯀꯁꯤꯜꯂꯀꯄꯒꯤ ꯈꯨꯗꯃꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ꯫
• ꯀꯔꯤꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯅꯥ ꯆꯤꯟꯖꯥꯛ ꯅꯠꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯊꯛꯅꯕꯥ ꯏꯁꯤꯡ ꯊꯀꯄꯗꯥ ꯑꯋꯥꯕꯥ ꯂꯩꯔꯕꯗꯤ꯫
• ꯀꯔꯤꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯁꯔꯖꯔꯤ꯫

ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯃꯔꯨꯑꯣꯏꯕꯥ: ꯀꯔꯤꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯅꯍꯥꯛ ꯅꯠꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯑꯉꯥꯡ ꯑꯗꯨꯅꯥ ꯁ꯭ꯕꯔ ꯍꯣꯅꯕꯥ ꯋꯥꯕꯥ ꯑꯣꯏꯔꯕꯗꯤ , ꯃꯁꯤ ꯑꯦꯃꯔꯖꯦꯟꯁꯤ ꯑꯃꯅꯤ꯫ ꯈꯨꯗꯛꯇꯥ ꯈ꯭ꯕꯥꯏꯗꯒꯤ ꯅꯀꯄꯥ ꯍꯣꯁ꯭ꯄꯤꯇꯥꯂꯗꯥ ꯆꯠꯂꯨ, ꯅꯠꯠꯔꯒꯥ 1990ꯗꯥ ꯐꯣꯟ ꯇꯧ꯫

ꯗꯣꯛꯇꯔꯗꯥ ꯍꯪꯒꯗꯕꯥ ꯃꯔꯨꯑꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯋꯥꯍꯪꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯀꯔꯤꯅꯣ?

ꯅꯍꯥꯛ ꯅꯠꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯑꯉꯥꯡ ꯑꯗꯨꯗꯥ ꯁ꯭ꯇꯤꯀꯂꯔ ꯁꯤꯟꯗꯣꯝ ꯂꯩꯔꯦ ꯍꯥꯌꯕꯥ ꯈꯪꯂꯕꯥ ꯃꯇꯨꯡꯗꯥ, ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯅꯥ ꯗꯣꯛꯇꯔ ꯑꯗꯨꯗꯥ ꯃꯈꯥꯗꯥ ꯄꯤꯔꯤꯕꯥ ꯋꯥꯍꯪꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯍꯪꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ:

• ꯁ꯭ꯇꯤꯀꯂꯔ ꯁꯤꯟꯗꯣꯝ ꯍꯥꯌꯅꯥ ꯀꯧꯕꯥ ꯀꯟꯗꯤꯁꯟ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯀꯌꯥ ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯁꯥꯊꯤꯕꯒꯦ?
• ꯃꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯃꯔꯝ ꯀꯔꯤꯅꯣ?
• ꯃꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯑꯩꯒꯤ ꯑꯉꯥꯡꯒꯤ ꯅꯨꯡꯇꯤꯒꯤ ꯄꯨꯟꯁꯤꯗꯥ ꯀꯔꯝꯅꯥ ꯁꯥꯐꯨ ꯄꯤꯒꯅꯤ?
• ꯑꯩꯅꯥ ꯃꯔꯨꯑꯣꯏꯅꯥ ꯀꯔꯤ ꯀꯃꯞꯂꯤꯀꯦꯁꯅꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯥꯡꯗꯥ ꯋꯥꯈꯜ ꯇꯥꯒꯗꯒꯦ? ꯃꯈꯣꯌꯒꯤ ꯂꯥꯏꯑꯣꯡꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯀꯔꯤꯅꯣ?

ꯋꯥꯍꯪꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯃꯊꯛꯇꯥ, ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯅꯥ ꯈꯜꯂꯤꯕꯥ ꯋꯥꯐꯝ ꯑꯃꯍꯦꯛꯇꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯥꯡꯗꯥ, ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯅꯥ ꯂꯩꯔꯤꯕꯥ ꯑꯀꯤꯕꯥ ꯑꯃꯍꯦꯛꯇꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯥꯡꯗꯥ ꯅꯠꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯑꯀꯤꯕꯥ ꯑꯃꯍꯦꯛꯇꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯥꯡꯗꯥ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯗꯣꯛꯇꯔꯒꯥ ꯋꯥꯔꯤ ꯁꯥꯕꯤꯌꯨ꯫

ꯑꯔꯣꯏꯕꯗꯥ, ꯈ꯭ꯕꯥꯏꯗꯒꯤ ꯃꯔꯨꯑꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯋꯥꯐꯃꯁꯤꯡ (ꯇꯦꯛ-ꯍꯣꯝ ꯃꯦꯁꯦꯖ)

ꯁ꯭ꯇꯤꯀꯂꯔ ꯁꯤꯟꯗ꯭ꯔꯣꯝ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯇꯥꯕꯗꯥ ꯈꯔꯥ ꯁꯣꯀꯆꯤꯜꯂꯀꯄꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ꯫ ꯑꯗꯨꯕꯨ ꯋꯥꯐꯃꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯋꯥꯈꯂꯗꯥ ꯊꯝꯃꯨ:

• ꯃꯁꯤ ꯖꯦꯅꯦꯇꯤꯛ ꯀꯟꯗꯤꯁꯟ ꯑꯃꯅꯤ , ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯃꯤꯄꯥꯏꯕꯥ ꯑꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯃꯔꯝ ꯑꯣꯏꯗꯨꯅꯥ ꯑꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯋꯥꯐꯝ ꯑꯃꯅꯤ꯫
• ꯃꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯃꯔꯨꯑꯣꯏꯅꯥ ꯀꯅꯦꯛꯇꯤꯚ ꯇꯤꯁꯨꯁꯤꯡꯗꯥ ꯁꯣꯀꯍꯅꯕꯅꯥ ꯃꯔꯝ ꯑꯣꯏꯗꯨꯅꯥ ꯃꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯃꯤꯠ, ꯅꯥꯀꯣꯡ, ꯁꯔꯨ ꯇꯥꯡ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯃꯥꯌꯗꯥ ꯑꯍꯣꯡꯕꯥ ꯄꯨꯔꯀꯄꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ꯫
• ꯂꯥꯏꯑꯣꯡꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯃꯤꯑꯣꯏ ꯑꯃꯗꯒꯤ ꯃꯤꯑꯣꯏ ꯑꯃꯗꯥ ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯈꯦꯠꯅꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ .
• ꯃꯄꯨꯡ ꯐꯥꯅꯥ ꯂꯥꯌꯦꯡꯕꯥ ꯉꯃꯗ꯭ꯔꯕꯁꯨ, ꯂꯥꯏꯑꯣꯡꯁꯤꯡ ꯀꯟꯠꯔꯣꯜ ꯇꯧꯕꯗꯥ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯍꯦꯟꯅꯥ ꯐꯕꯥ ꯄꯨꯟꯁꯤ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯍꯤꯡꯕꯗꯥ ꯃꯇꯦꯡ ꯄꯥꯡꯅꯕꯥ ꯂꯥꯌꯦꯡ ꯀꯌꯥ ꯂꯩꯔꯤ .
• ꯉꯟꯅꯥ ꯈꯪꯗꯣꯀꯄꯥ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯂꯥꯏꯌꯦꯡ ꯍꯧꯕꯥ ꯍꯥꯌꯕꯁꯤ ꯃꯥꯌꯄꯥꯛꯅꯥ ꯐꯜ ꯐꯪꯅꯕꯒꯤ ꯈ꯭ꯕꯥꯏꯗꯒꯤ ꯐꯕꯥ ꯄꯥꯝꯕꯩꯅꯤ꯫
• ꯀꯔꯤꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯏꯃꯨꯡꯒꯤ ꯃꯤꯑꯣꯏ ꯑꯃꯗꯥ ꯀꯟꯗꯤꯁꯟ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯂꯩꯔꯕꯗꯤ, ꯖꯦꯅꯦꯇꯤꯛ ꯀꯥꯎꯟꯁꯦꯂꯤꯡ ꯂꯧꯕꯥ ꯍꯥꯌꯕꯁꯤ ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯃꯔꯨꯑꯣꯏ .

ꯋꯥꯈꯜ ꯅꯨꯡꯉꯥꯏꯇꯕꯥ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯃꯇꯤꯛ ꯆꯥꯕꯥ ꯃꯦꯗꯤꯀꯦꯂꯒꯤ ꯄꯥꯎꯇꯥꯀꯁꯤꯡ ꯉꯥꯛꯅꯥ ꯆꯠꯄꯅꯥ, ꯁ꯭ꯇꯤꯀꯂꯔ ꯁꯤꯟꯗꯣꯝ ꯂꯩꯕꯥ ꯃꯤꯑꯣꯏ ꯑꯃꯅꯥ ꯑꯇꯣꯞꯄꯥ ꯃꯤꯑꯣꯏ ꯈꯨꯗꯤꯡꯃꯛꯒꯨꯝꯅꯥ ꯑꯐꯕꯥ ꯄꯨꯟꯁꯤ ꯑꯃꯒꯤ ꯃꯐꯝ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯁꯦꯃꯒꯠꯄꯥ ꯉꯃꯒꯅꯤ꯫ ꯀꯔꯤꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯅꯥ ꯃꯈꯥ ꯇꯥꯕꯥ ꯋꯥꯍꯪꯁꯤꯡ ꯂꯩꯔꯕꯗꯤ ꯗꯣꯛꯇꯔ ꯑꯃꯒꯥ ꯋꯥꯔꯤ ꯁꯥꯅꯕꯗꯥ ꯋꯥꯈꯜ ꯋꯥꯕꯥ ꯂꯩꯔꯣꯏꯗꯕꯅꯤ꯫

` ꯁ꯭ꯇꯤꯀꯂꯔ ꯁꯤꯟꯗꯣꯝ, ꯖꯦꯅꯦꯇꯤꯛ ꯂꯥꯌꯅꯥ, ꯀꯅꯦꯛꯇꯤꯕ ꯇꯤꯁ꯭ꯌꯨ, ꯀꯣꯂꯥꯖꯦꯟ, ꯃꯤꯠ ꯎꯗꯕꯥ, ꯇꯥꯕꯥ ꯉꯃꯗꯕꯥ, ꯁꯔꯨ ꯇꯥꯡꯒꯤ ꯑꯁꯣꯛ-ꯑꯄꯟ, ꯑꯉꯥꯡꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯍꯀꯁꯦꯜ꯫