‘ꯏꯌꯥꯔꯗ꯭ꯔꯥꯝ’ ꯍꯥꯌꯕꯥ ꯋꯥꯍꯩ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯑꯗꯣꯝꯅꯥ ꯇꯥꯕꯤꯔꯝꯂꯒꯅꯤ? ꯗꯣꯛꯇꯔ ꯅꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯑꯇꯣꯞꯄꯥ ꯀꯅꯥꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯑꯃꯗꯒꯤ ꯇꯥꯕꯥ ꯐꯪꯂꯕꯁꯨ ꯌꯥꯏ꯫ ꯃꯁꯤ ꯑꯩꯈꯣꯌꯒꯤ ꯇꯥꯕꯥ ꯉꯝꯅꯕꯒꯤꯗꯃꯛ ꯇꯉꯥꯏꯐꯗꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯂꯨꯕꯥ, ꯑꯄꯤꯀꯄꯥ ꯃꯤꯠꯌꯦꯡ ꯑꯃꯅꯤ꯫ ꯀꯔꯤꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯃꯑꯣꯡ ꯆꯨꯝꯅꯥ ꯊꯕꯛ ꯇꯧꯗ꯭ꯔꯕꯗꯤ ꯑꯩꯈꯣꯌꯒꯤ ꯃꯥꯂꯦꯝ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯅꯤꯡꯊꯤꯖꯅꯥ ꯂꯩꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ꯫ ꯑꯗꯨꯅꯥ ꯉꯁꯤꯗꯤ ꯏꯌꯥꯔꯗ꯭ꯔꯥꯝ ꯑꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯥꯡꯗꯥ, ꯅꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯃꯦꯗꯤꯀꯦꯂꯒꯤ ꯋꯥꯍꯟꯊꯣꯛꯀꯤ ꯃꯇꯨꯡ ꯏꯟꯅꯥ, ꯇꯤꯃꯄꯦꯅꯤꯛ ꯃꯦꯝꯕ꯭ꯔꯦꯅꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯥꯡꯗꯥ, ꯑꯗꯣꯝꯅꯥ ꯈꯉꯕꯥ ꯉꯝꯕꯥ ꯏꯆꯝ ꯆꯝꯕꯥ ꯃꯑꯣꯡꯗꯥ ꯋꯥꯔꯤ ꯁꯥꯁꯤ꯫
ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯂꯥꯏꯅꯥ ꯍꯥꯌꯔꯕꯗꯥ, ꯃꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯏꯌꯥꯔꯗ꯭ꯔꯥꯝ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯀꯔꯤꯅꯣ?
ꯏꯌꯥꯔꯗ꯭ꯔꯥꯝ ꯍꯥꯌꯕꯁꯤ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯅꯥꯀꯣꯡꯒꯤ ꯃꯄꯥꯟꯊꯪꯕꯥ ꯁꯔꯨꯛ (ꯃꯄꯥꯅꯒꯤ ꯀꯥꯡꯈꯜ) ꯑꯗꯨ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯅꯨꯡꯒꯤ ꯑꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯀꯥꯡꯈꯂꯒꯤ ꯃꯔꯛꯇꯥ ꯂꯩꯕꯥ ꯁꯔꯨꯛ ꯑꯗꯨꯗꯒꯤ (ꯃꯌꯥꯏ ꯑꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯀꯥꯡꯕꯨ) ꯇꯣꯈꯥꯌꯅꯥ ꯊꯝꯕꯥ ꯑꯄꯤꯀꯄꯥ, ꯃꯌꯥꯏ ꯑꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯈꯣꯡꯎꯞ ꯑꯃꯅꯤ꯫ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯅꯥ ꯊꯦꯡꯅꯔꯀꯄꯥ ꯃꯇꯃꯗꯥ ꯗ꯭ꯔꯥꯝ ꯑꯃꯒꯤ ꯈꯣꯡꯎꯞ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯚꯥꯏꯕ꯭ꯔꯦꯠ ꯇꯧꯕꯒꯨꯝꯅꯥ, ꯑꯩꯈꯣꯌꯒꯤ ꯏꯌꯥꯔꯗ꯭ꯔꯥꯃꯁꯤꯡꯅꯥ ꯁꯥꯎꯟꯗ ꯋꯦꯕꯅꯥ ꯃꯈꯣꯌꯗꯥ ꯌꯧꯔꯀꯄꯥ ꯃꯇꯃꯗꯥ ꯋꯥꯏꯕ꯭ꯔꯦꯠ ꯇꯧꯏ꯫ ꯃꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯚꯥꯏꯕ꯭ꯔꯦꯁꯟ ꯑꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯑꯩꯈꯣꯌꯗꯥ ꯈꯣꯟꯖꯦꯜ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯈꯣꯟꯖꯦꯜ ꯑꯣꯏꯅꯥ ꯈꯉꯕꯗꯥ ꯃꯇꯦꯡ ꯄꯥꯡꯏ꯫
ꯈꯅꯕꯤꯌꯨ, ꯃꯁꯤ ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯑꯉꯀꯄꯥ ꯊꯧꯑꯣꯡ ꯑꯃꯅꯤ꯫ ꯃꯁꯤ ꯀꯔꯝꯅꯥ ꯑꯣꯏꯔꯀꯄꯒꯦ ꯍꯥꯌꯕꯗꯨ ꯌꯦꯡꯁꯤ꯫
- ꯑꯍꯥꯅꯕꯗꯥ, ꯑꯀꯣꯌꯔꯣꯅꯗꯒꯤ ꯂꯥꯀꯄꯥ ꯁꯥꯎꯟꯗ ꯋꯦꯕꯁꯤꯡꯅꯥ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯅꯥꯀꯣꯡꯗꯥ ꯆꯦꯟꯊꯈꯤꯗꯨꯅꯥ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯅꯥꯀꯣꯡꯗꯥ ꯁꯣꯀꯍꯜꯂꯤ꯫
- ꯑꯗꯨꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯁꯥꯎꯟꯗ ꯋꯦꯕꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯗꯨꯅꯥ ꯁꯣꯀꯄꯥ ꯃꯇꯃꯗꯥ, ꯏꯌꯥꯔꯗꯝ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯗ꯭ꯔꯥꯝ ꯑꯃꯒꯤ ꯈꯣꯡꯎꯄꯒꯨꯝꯅꯥ ꯋꯥꯏꯕ꯭ꯔꯦꯠ ꯇꯧꯕꯥ ꯍꯧꯏ꯫
- ꯃꯊꯪꯗꯥ, ꯚꯥꯏꯕ꯭ꯔꯦꯁꯟ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯑꯄꯤꯀꯄꯥ ꯁꯔꯨ ꯇꯥꯡ ꯑꯍꯨꯝ (ꯑꯩꯈꯣꯌꯅꯥ ꯃꯁꯤꯕꯨ ``ꯑꯣꯁꯤꯀꯦꯜ'' ꯍꯥꯌꯅꯥ ꯀꯧꯏ)ꯗꯥ ꯇ꯭ꯔꯥꯟꯁꯃꯤꯠ ꯇꯧꯏ꯫
- ꯚꯥꯏꯕ꯭ꯔꯦꯁꯅꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯕꯣꯟ ꯐ꯭ꯔꯦꯀꯃꯦꯟꯇꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯈꯨꯠꯊꯥꯡꯗꯥ ꯑꯦꯝꯞꯂꯤꯐꯥꯏ ꯇꯧꯏ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯃꯈꯥ ꯇꯥꯅꯥ ꯀꯥꯡꯒꯤ ꯃꯅꯨꯡꯗꯥ ꯆꯠꯂꯤ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯀꯣꯛꯂꯤꯌꯥ ꯀꯧꯕꯥ ꯐ꯭ꯂꯨꯏꯗꯅꯥ ꯊꯜꯂꯕꯥ, ꯌꯦꯔꯨꯝ ꯃꯑꯣꯡꯒꯤ ꯁꯔꯨꯛ ꯑꯃꯗꯥ ꯆꯠꯂꯤ꯫
- ꯀꯣꯛꯀꯤ ꯃꯅꯨꯡꯗꯥ ꯂꯩꯕꯥ ꯐꯤꯅꯥ ꯍꯦꯌꯥꯔ ꯁꯦꯂꯁꯤꯡꯅꯥ ꯍꯥꯌꯔꯤꯕꯥ ꯚꯥꯏꯕ꯭ꯔꯦꯁꯅꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯂꯧꯁꯤꯜꯂꯤ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯃꯈꯣꯌꯕꯨ ꯏꯂꯦꯛꯠꯔꯤꯀꯦꯜ ꯁꯤꯒꯅꯦꯂꯁꯤꯡꯗꯥ ꯑꯣꯟꯊꯣꯀꯏ꯫
- ꯑꯔꯣꯏꯕꯗꯥ, ꯑꯣꯗꯤꯇꯣꯔꯤ ꯅꯔꯚꯅꯥ ꯏꯂꯦꯛꯠꯔꯤꯀꯦꯜ ꯁꯤꯒꯅꯦꯂꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯕ꯭ꯔꯦꯅꯗꯥ ꯄꯨꯗꯨꯅꯥ ꯆꯠꯂꯤ꯫ ꯕ꯭ꯔꯦꯅꯅꯥ ꯁꯤꯒꯅꯦꯂꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤꯕꯨ ꯏꯟꯇꯔꯞꯔꯥꯏꯖ ꯇꯧꯗꯨꯅꯥ ꯑꯩꯈꯣꯌꯗꯥ ꯍꯥꯌ, "ꯑꯣꯍ... ꯃꯁꯤ ꯏꯁꯩꯅꯤ" ꯅꯠꯠꯔꯒꯥ "ꯃꯁꯤ ꯀꯅꯥꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯑꯃꯅꯥ ꯋꯥꯔꯤ ꯁꯥꯅꯕꯒꯤ ꯈꯣꯟꯖꯦꯂꯅꯤ꯫"
ꯑꯗꯣꯝꯅꯥ ꯈꯉꯕꯤꯔꯤꯕꯔꯥ? ꯊꯧꯑꯣꯡ ꯄꯨꯝꯅꯃꯛ ꯑꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯍꯧꯔꯀꯐꯝ ꯑꯣꯏꯔꯤꯕꯥ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯑꯩꯈꯣꯌꯒꯤ ꯏꯌꯥꯔꯗ꯭ꯔꯥꯃꯅꯤ꯫ ꯀꯔꯤꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯃꯑꯣꯡ ꯆꯨꯝꯅꯥ ꯊꯕꯛ ꯇꯧꯔꯝꯂꯕꯗꯤ ꯃꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯃꯅꯨꯡꯗꯥ ꯑꯃꯠꯇꯥ ꯊꯣꯛꯂꯃꯂꯣꯏ꯫
ꯏꯌꯥꯔꯗ꯭ꯔꯥꯝ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯀꯗꯥꯏꯗꯥ ꯂꯩꯕꯒꯦ? ꯃꯁꯤ ꯀꯔꯝꯅꯥ ꯎꯕꯥ ꯐꯪꯒꯅꯤ?
ꯏꯌꯥꯔꯗ꯭ꯔꯥꯝ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯅꯥꯀꯣꯡꯗꯥ ꯆꯠꯂꯤꯕꯥ ꯏꯌꯥꯔ ꯀꯦꯅꯦꯂꯒꯤ ꯑꯔꯣꯏꯕꯗꯥ ꯂꯩ꯫ ꯆꯨꯝꯅꯥ ꯍꯥꯌꯔꯕꯗꯥ, ꯃꯁꯤ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯃꯄꯥꯟꯊꯪꯕꯥ ꯀꯥꯡꯕꯨ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯃꯔꯛꯇꯥ ꯂꯩꯕꯥ ꯀꯥꯡꯕꯨ ꯑꯗꯨꯗꯒꯤ ꯇꯣꯉꯥꯟꯅꯥ ꯇꯥꯍꯜꯂꯤꯕꯥ ꯏꯌꯥꯔꯗꯝ ꯑꯗꯨꯅꯤ꯫ ꯑꯩꯈꯣꯌꯅꯥ ꯃꯃꯥꯡꯗꯥ ꯋꯥꯔꯤ ꯁꯥꯈꯤꯕꯥ ꯑꯗꯨꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯑꯄꯤꯀꯄꯥ ꯁꯔꯨ ꯑꯍꯨꯝ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯏꯌꯥꯔꯗꯃꯒꯤ ꯑꯇꯣꯞꯄꯥ ꯃꯄꯥꯟꯗꯥ ꯂꯩ꯫
ꯍꯀꯆꯥꯡ ꯐꯕꯥ ꯏꯌꯥꯔꯗ꯭ꯔꯥꯝ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯃꯍꯧꯁꯥꯅꯥ ꯃꯆꯨ ꯃꯆꯨꯒꯤ ꯑꯉꯧꯕꯥ ꯃꯆꯨꯗꯒꯤ ꯑꯉꯧꯕꯥ ꯃꯆꯨꯒꯤ ꯃꯆꯨ ꯑꯣꯏ . ꯃꯁꯤꯁꯨ ꯈꯔꯥ ꯇ꯭ꯔꯥꯟꯁꯄꯔꯦꯟꯇ ꯑꯣꯏ꯫ ꯆꯨꯝꯅꯥ ꯍꯥꯌꯔꯕꯗꯥ, ꯃꯁꯤ ꯐꯣꯒ-ꯑꯞ ꯋꯤꯟꯗꯣ ꯑꯃꯥ, ꯅꯠꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯁ꯭ꯠꯔꯦꯆ ꯇꯧꯔꯕꯥ ꯄ꯭ꯂꯥꯁ꯭ꯇꯤꯛ ꯁꯤꯠ ꯑꯃꯒꯨꯝꯅꯥ ꯎꯕꯥ ꯐꯪꯏ꯫ ꯃꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯁꯥꯏꯖ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯄꯤꯀꯄꯥ, ꯆꯥꯎꯔꯥꯛꯅꯥ ꯁꯦꯟꯇꯤꯃꯤꯇꯔ ꯑꯃꯒꯤ ꯗꯥꯏꯃꯦꯠꯔꯤꯛ ꯑꯣꯏ꯫
ꯏꯌꯥꯔꯗ꯭ꯔꯥꯝ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯀꯔꯤꯗꯒꯤ ꯁꯦꯝꯕꯒꯦ?
ꯃꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯑꯄꯤꯀꯄꯥ ꯃꯦꯝꯕ꯭ꯔꯦꯟ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯂꯦꯌꯔ ꯑꯍꯨꯃꯅꯥ ꯁꯦꯝꯕꯅꯤ꯫ ꯂꯦꯌꯔ ꯈꯨꯗꯤꯡꯃꯛꯀꯤ ꯑꯀꯛꯅꯕꯥ ꯐꯉ꯭ꯀꯁꯟ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯂꯩ꯫
1. ꯈ꯭ꯕꯥꯏꯗꯒꯤ ꯃꯄꯥꯅꯒꯤ ꯂꯦꯡ-ꯑꯣꯠꯄꯒꯤ ꯃꯑꯣꯡ: ꯃꯁꯤ ꯏꯄꯤꯊꯤꯌꯦꯜ ꯇꯤꯁꯨꯅꯥ ꯁꯦꯝꯕꯅꯤ꯫ ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯂꯥꯏꯅꯥ ꯍꯥꯌꯔꯕꯗꯥ, ꯂꯦꯌꯔ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯑꯩꯈꯣꯌꯒꯤ ꯈꯣꯡꯗꯥ ꯁꯦꯝꯕꯥ ꯇꯤꯁ꯭ꯌꯨ ꯃꯈꯜ ꯑꯗꯨꯒꯥ ꯃꯥꯟꯅꯅꯥ ꯁꯦꯝꯕꯅꯤ꯫
꯲.ꯃꯤꯗꯜ ꯂꯦꯌꯔ: ꯱.ꯃꯁꯤ ꯐ꯭ꯂꯦꯛꯁꯤꯕꯜ, ꯐꯤꯕꯔꯒꯤ ꯇꯤꯁꯨꯁꯤꯡꯅꯥ ꯁꯦꯝꯕꯅꯤ꯫ ꯃꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯂꯦꯌꯔ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯅꯔꯚꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯕ꯭ꯂꯗ ꯚꯦꯁꯦꯂꯁꯤꯡ ꯂꯩꯕꯥ ꯃꯐꯃꯅꯤ꯫
3. ꯈ꯭ꯕꯥꯏꯗꯒꯤ ꯃꯅꯨꯡꯒꯤ ꯂꯦꯌꯔ: ꯃꯁꯤ `(Mucosa) ꯀꯧꯕꯥ ꯃ꯭ꯌꯨꯀꯁ ꯃꯦꯝꯕ꯭ꯔꯦꯟ ꯑꯃꯅꯥ ꯁꯦꯝꯕꯅꯤ꯫` ꯑꯩꯈꯣꯌꯒꯤ ꯗꯥꯏꯖꯦꯁ꯭ꯇꯤꯚ ꯇ꯭ꯔꯦꯛꯇꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯑꯣꯔꯒꯥꯅꯁꯤꯡꯁꯨ ꯃꯅꯨꯡꯗꯥ ꯆꯞ ꯃꯥꯟꯅꯕꯥ ꯇꯤꯁꯨ ꯑꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯀꯨꯄꯁꯤꯜꯂꯤ꯫
ꯏꯌꯥꯔꯗ꯭ꯔꯥꯃꯗꯥ ꯁꯣꯀꯍꯜꯂꯤꯕꯥ ꯀꯃꯟ ꯑꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯀꯟꯗꯤꯁꯅꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯀꯔꯤꯅꯣ?
ꯑꯩꯈꯣꯌꯒꯤ ꯏꯌꯥꯔꯗ꯭ꯔꯥꯃꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯂꯨꯕꯥ ꯃꯔꯝꯅꯥ ꯃꯈꯣꯌ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯍꯦꯟꯅꯥ ꯁꯣꯀꯍꯅꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ꯫ ꯇꯣꯉꯥꯟ-ꯇꯣꯉꯥꯅꯕꯥ ꯏꯅꯐꯦꯛꯁꯅꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯑꯦꯛꯁꯤꯗꯦꯟꯇꯁꯤꯡꯅꯥ ꯀꯥꯡꯈꯂꯗꯥ ꯁꯣꯀꯍꯅꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ꯫ ꯈ꯭ꯕꯥꯏꯗꯒꯤ ꯀꯃꯟ ꯑꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯀꯟꯗꯤꯁꯟ ꯈꯔꯗꯤ ꯌꯦꯡꯁꯤ꯫
| ꯃꯦꯗꯤꯀꯦꯜ ꯀꯟꯗꯤꯁꯟ ꯂꯩꯕꯥ꯫ | ꯏꯆꯝ ꯆꯝꯕꯥ ꯄꯥꯎꯈꯨꯝ ꯑꯃꯥ꯫ |
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| ꯏꯌꯥꯔꯗ꯭ꯔꯥꯝ ꯔꯄꯆꯔ ꯇꯧꯕꯥ꯫ | ꯀꯥꯡꯒꯤ ꯑꯁꯣꯛ-ꯑꯄꯟ (ꯈꯨꯗꯝ ꯑꯣꯏꯅꯥ, ꯅꯥꯀꯣꯡꯗꯥ ꯁꯣꯀꯄꯥ, ꯅꯥꯀꯣꯡꯗꯥ ꯁꯣꯀꯄꯥ ꯌꯥꯕꯥ ꯄꯣꯠꯁꯛ ꯑꯃꯥ) ꯅꯠꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯀꯥꯡꯒꯤ ꯏꯅꯐꯦꯛꯁꯟ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯁꯥꯊꯤꯅꯥ ꯁꯣꯀꯍꯅꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ꯫ ꯃꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯇꯥꯕꯥ ꯉꯃꯗꯕꯥ, ꯅꯥꯀꯣꯡꯗꯒꯤ ꯏꯁꯤꯡ ꯇꯨꯡꯁꯤꯅꯕꯥ, ꯅꯠꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯅꯥꯀꯣꯡꯗꯥ ꯂꯦꯞꯇꯅꯥ ꯔꯤꯡ ꯁꯣꯀꯄꯥ (ꯇꯤꯅꯤꯇꯁ) ꯑꯁꯤꯅꯆꯤꯡꯕꯥ ꯂꯥꯏꯑꯣꯡꯁꯤꯡ ꯊꯣꯀꯍꯅꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ꯫ ꯀꯔꯤꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯃꯇꯃꯗꯥ ꯃꯁꯤ ꯃꯁꯥ ꯃꯊꯟꯇꯥ ꯂꯣꯏꯁꯤꯅꯒꯅꯤ . ꯑꯗꯨꯝ ꯑꯣꯏꯅꯃꯛ, ꯁꯥꯊꯤꯕꯥ ꯀꯦꯁꯁꯤꯡꯗꯗꯤ, ꯁꯔꯖꯔꯤ ꯇꯧꯕꯥ ꯃꯊꯧ ꯇꯥꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ꯫ |
| ꯇꯤꯃꯄꯥꯅꯣꯁ꯭ꯀꯂꯦꯔꯣꯁꯤꯁ꯫ | ꯃꯁꯤ ꯀꯥꯡꯈꯜ (ardrum)ꯒꯤ ꯑꯁꯣꯀꯄꯥ ꯑꯃꯅꯤ꯫ ꯀꯔꯤꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯅꯥ ꯅꯥꯀꯣꯡꯗꯥ ꯏꯅꯐꯦꯛꯁꯟ ꯀꯌꯥ ꯊꯣꯛꯂꯕꯗꯤ ꯅꯠꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯅꯥꯀꯣꯡꯗꯥ ꯑꯁꯣꯛ-ꯑꯄꯟ ꯊꯣꯛꯂꯕꯗꯤ, ꯃꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯀꯥꯡꯈꯂꯗꯥ ꯑꯁꯪꯕꯥ ꯃꯆꯨꯒꯤ ꯐꯤꯔꯥꯜ (white scars) ꯊꯣꯀꯍꯅꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ꯫ ꯃꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯁꯣꯛ-ꯄꯅꯕꯥ ꯑꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯁꯥꯎꯟꯗ ꯋꯦꯕꯁꯤꯡ ꯃꯑꯣꯡ ꯆꯨꯝꯅꯥ ꯆꯠꯊꯣꯛ-ꯆꯠꯁꯤꯟ ꯇꯧꯕꯥ ꯊꯤꯡꯕꯥ ꯉꯝꯃꯤ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯁꯣꯟꯊꯕꯥ ꯉꯃꯍꯟꯗꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ꯫ ꯃꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯂꯥꯌꯦꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯇꯤꯝꯄꯥꯅꯣꯞꯂꯥꯁ꯭ꯇꯤꯅꯤ . ꯃꯁꯤꯗꯥ ꯁ꯭ꯀꯥꯔ ꯇꯤꯁꯨ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯂꯧꯊꯣꯀꯄꯥ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯑꯁꯣꯀꯄꯥ ꯃꯐꯃꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯔꯤꯄꯦꯌꯥꯔ ꯇꯧꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯎꯏ꯫ |
| ꯏꯌꯥꯔꯗ꯭ꯔꯥꯃꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯨꯡꯗꯥ ꯂꯩꯕꯥ ꯐ꯭ꯂꯨꯏꯗ꯫ | ꯃꯁꯤꯕꯨ ꯃꯦꯗꯤꯀꯦꯂꯒꯤ ꯑꯣꯏꯅꯥ `(Otitis media with effusion)` ꯍꯥꯌꯅꯥ ꯀꯧꯏ꯫ ꯃꯤꯑꯣꯏ ꯈꯔꯅꯥ ꯃꯁꯤꯕꯨ `(Glue ear)` ꯍꯥꯌꯅꯥꯁꯨ ꯀꯧꯏ꯫ ꯀꯥꯡ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯀꯣꯛ ꯁꯝꯅꯍꯜꯂꯤꯕꯥ ꯇꯤꯎꯕ ꯑꯁꯤꯕꯨ ꯏꯎꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯆꯤꯌꯥꯟ ꯇꯤꯎꯕ ꯍꯥꯌꯅꯥ ꯀꯧꯏ꯫ꯃꯁꯤ ꯕ꯭ꯂꯣꯛ ꯇꯧꯕꯥ ꯃꯇꯃꯗꯥ ꯏꯌꯥꯔꯗ꯭ꯔꯥꯃꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯨꯡꯗꯥ ꯐ꯭ꯂꯨꯏꯗ ꯁꯦꯃꯒꯠꯂꯀꯄꯥ ꯃꯇꯃꯅꯤ꯫ ꯃꯁꯤ ꯀꯥꯡꯒꯤ ꯏꯅꯐꯦꯛꯁꯟ, ꯑꯦꯂꯥꯔꯖꯤ, ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯆꯨꯔꯨꯠ ꯊꯀꯄꯥ ꯑꯁꯤꯅꯆꯤꯡꯕꯥ ꯄꯣꯠꯁꯀꯁꯤꯡꯅꯥ ꯊꯣꯀꯍꯅꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ꯫ ꯑꯌꯥꯝꯕꯥ ꯃꯇꯃꯗꯥ ꯃꯁꯥ ꯃꯊꯟꯇꯥ ꯆꯠꯈꯤꯒꯅꯤ . ꯀꯔꯤꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯃꯗꯨ ꯑꯣꯏꯗ꯭ꯔꯕꯗꯤ, ꯑꯦꯟꯇꯤꯕꯥꯏꯑꯣꯇꯤꯀꯁꯤꯡ ꯃꯊꯧ ꯇꯥꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ꯫ |
| ꯏꯅꯐꯦꯛꯁꯟ ꯂꯩꯔꯕꯥ ꯏꯌꯥꯔꯗ꯭ꯔꯥꯝ꯫ | ꯃꯤꯗꯜ ꯏꯌꯥꯔ ꯏꯅꯐꯦꯛꯁꯟ ꯅꯠꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯏꯌꯥꯔꯗ꯭ꯔꯥꯝ (ruptured eardrum) ꯑꯃꯅꯥ ꯏꯌꯥꯔꯗꯝ (eardrum) ꯑꯗꯨ ꯏꯅꯐꯦꯛꯁꯟ ꯊꯣꯀꯍꯅꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ꯫ ꯃꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯅꯥꯀꯣꯡ ꯁꯣꯀꯄꯥ, ꯇꯥꯕꯥ ꯉꯃꯗꯕꯥ, ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯋꯥꯈꯜ ꯅꯨꯡꯉꯥꯏꯇꯕꯥ (vertigo ) ꯑꯁꯤꯅꯆꯤꯡꯕꯥ ꯂꯥꯏꯑꯣꯡꯁꯤꯡ ꯊꯣꯀꯍꯅꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ꯫ ꯑꯌꯥꯝꯕꯥ ꯃꯇꯃꯗꯥ ꯃꯁꯤ ꯃꯁꯥ ꯃꯊꯟꯇꯥ ꯆꯠꯈꯤꯒꯅꯤ . ꯑꯗꯨꯝ ꯑꯣꯏꯅꯃꯛ, ꯀꯔꯤꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯂꯥꯏꯑꯣꯡꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯅꯨꯃꯤꯠ ꯑꯅꯤꯗꯒꯤ ꯍꯦꯟꯅꯥ ꯂꯩꯔꯕꯗꯤ, ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯗꯣꯛꯇꯔꯒꯥ ꯇꯥꯟꯅꯕꯁꯤ ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯃꯔꯨꯑꯣꯏ꯫ |
ꯑꯗꯨꯅꯥ, ꯑꯩꯈꯣꯌꯅꯥ ꯃꯃꯜ ꯌꯥꯝꯂꯕꯥ ꯀꯥꯡꯕꯨꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯀꯔꯝꯅꯥ ꯌꯦꯡꯁꯤꯅꯒꯅꯤ?
ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯅꯥꯀꯣꯡ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯑꯐꯕꯥ ꯃꯑꯣꯡꯗꯥ ꯌꯦꯡꯁꯤꯟꯗꯨꯅꯥ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯅꯥꯀꯣꯡ ꯑꯗꯨꯁꯨ ꯍꯀꯆꯥꯡ ꯐꯅꯥ ꯊꯝꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ꯫ ꯃꯈꯥꯗꯥ ꯄꯤꯔꯤꯕꯥ ꯏꯆꯝ ꯆꯝꯕꯥ ꯋꯥꯐꯝ ꯈꯔꯥ ꯌꯥꯑꯣꯔꯤ:
- ꯀꯩꯗꯧꯉꯩꯗꯥ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯅꯥꯀꯣꯡꯗꯥ ꯀꯨꯄꯁꯤꯅꯕꯥ ꯄꯣꯠꯁꯀꯁꯤꯡ (cotton buds) ꯌꯥꯎꯍꯜꯂꯣꯏꯗꯕꯅꯤ꯫ ꯃꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯏꯌꯥꯔꯋꯥꯛꯁ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯃꯈꯥ ꯇꯥꯅꯥ ꯄꯨꯁꯤꯜꯂꯛꯀꯅꯤ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯏꯌꯥꯔꯗꯝ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯁꯣꯀꯍꯅꯕꯒꯤ ꯔꯤꯁ꯭ꯛ ꯍꯦꯅꯒꯠꯍꯅꯒꯅꯤ꯫ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯅꯥꯀꯣꯡꯗꯥ ꯃꯁꯥ ꯃꯊꯟꯇꯥ ꯁꯦꯡꯗꯣꯀꯄꯥ ꯉꯝꯕꯒꯤ ꯊꯧꯅꯥ ꯂꯩ꯫
- ꯀꯔꯤꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯅꯥ ꯃꯤꯎꯖꯤꯛ ꯀꯟꯁꯔꯇꯁꯤꯡꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯅꯣꯡꯂꯩ-ꯅꯨꯡꯁꯤꯠꯀꯤ ꯆꯥꯡ ꯋꯥꯡꯅꯥ ꯂꯩꯕꯥ ꯃꯐꯃꯁꯤꯡꯗꯥ ꯆꯠꯂꯕꯗꯤ, ꯀꯥꯡꯕꯨ ꯉꯥꯀꯊꯣꯛꯅꯕꯥ ꯁꯤꯖꯤꯟꯅꯧ꯫
- ꯍꯦꯗꯐꯣꯟ ꯅꯠꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯏꯌꯥꯔꯕꯗꯀꯤ ꯈꯨꯠꯊꯥꯡꯗꯥ ꯃ꯭ꯌꯨꯖꯤꯛ ꯇꯥꯕꯥ ꯃꯇꯃꯗꯥ, ꯚꯣꯜꯌꯨꯝ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯋꯥꯡꯈꯠꯍꯜꯂꯣꯏꯗꯕꯅꯤ꯫ ꯀꯔꯤꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯃꯅꯥꯛꯇꯥ ꯂꯩꯕꯥ ꯀꯅꯥꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯑꯃꯅꯥ ꯇꯥꯕꯥ ꯉꯝꯂꯕꯗꯤ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯚꯣꯜꯌꯨꯝ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯋꯥꯡꯏ꯫
- ꯇꯦꯂꯤꯚꯤꯖꯟ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯔꯦꯗꯤꯑꯣꯒꯤ ꯚꯣꯜꯌꯨꯝ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯌꯨꯃꯗꯥ ꯅꯣꯔꯃꯦꯜ ꯂꯦꯚꯦꯂꯗꯥ ꯊꯝꯃꯨ꯫
- ꯀꯔꯤꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯅꯥ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯍꯤꯗꯥꯛ-ꯂꯥꯡꯊꯛꯇꯥ ꯑꯍꯣꯡꯕꯥ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯂꯩꯔꯦ ꯍꯥꯌꯅꯥ ꯈꯜꯂꯕꯗꯤ, ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯍꯤꯗꯥꯛ-ꯂꯥꯡꯊꯛ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯆꯦꯛ ꯇꯧꯅꯕꯥ ꯑꯣꯗꯤꯑꯣꯂꯣꯖꯤꯁ꯭ꯠ ꯑꯃꯒꯥ ꯇꯥꯟꯅꯧ꯫
ꯀꯔꯤꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯏꯌꯥꯔꯗ꯭ꯔꯥꯝ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯄꯣꯃꯈꯠꯂꯛꯂꯕꯗꯤ ꯀꯔꯤ ꯑꯣꯏꯒꯅꯤ?
ꯑꯌꯥꯝꯕꯥ ꯃꯇꯃꯗꯥ, ꯏꯌꯥꯔꯗ꯭ꯔꯥꯃꯗꯥ ꯑꯄꯤꯀꯄꯥ ꯑꯁꯣꯀꯄꯥ ꯅꯠꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯑꯃꯥꯡ-ꯑꯇꯥ ꯊꯣꯀꯄꯥ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯅꯨꯃꯤꯠ ꯈꯔꯅꯤꯒꯤ ꯃꯅꯨꯡꯗꯥ ꯃꯁꯥ ꯃꯊꯟꯇꯥ ꯐꯒꯠꯂꯛꯀꯅꯤ꯫ ꯑꯗꯨꯝ ꯑꯣꯏꯅꯃꯛ, ꯀꯔꯤꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯂꯥꯏꯑꯣꯡꯁꯤꯡ (ꯑꯅꯥꯕꯥ, ꯗꯤꯁꯆꯥꯔꯖ) ꯑꯗꯨ ꯍꯦꯟꯅꯥ ꯐꯠꯆꯤꯜꯂꯛꯂꯕꯗꯤ, ꯅꯠꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯅꯨꯃꯤꯠ ꯈꯔꯅꯤꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯨꯡꯗꯥ ꯐꯒꯠꯂꯛꯠꯔꯕꯗꯤ, ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯗꯣꯛꯇꯔꯒꯥ ꯁꯣꯌꯗꯅꯥ ꯇꯥꯀꯄꯤꯌꯨ꯫
ꯀꯅꯥꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯑꯃꯒꯤ ꯀꯥꯡꯕꯨ ꯑꯩꯈꯣꯌꯅꯥ ꯎꯕꯥ ꯉꯃꯒꯗ꯭ꯔꯥ?
ꯅꯠꯇꯦ, ꯑꯩꯈꯣꯌꯅꯥ ꯀꯅꯥꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯑꯃꯒꯤ ꯀꯥꯡꯕꯨ ꯑꯩꯈꯣꯌꯒꯤ ꯃꯤꯠꯅꯥ ꯎꯕꯥ ꯉꯃꯗꯦ꯫ ꯑꯗꯨꯕꯨ ꯗꯣꯛꯇꯔ ꯑꯃꯅꯥ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯏꯌꯥꯔꯗ꯭ꯔꯥꯝ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯃꯌꯦꯛ ꯁꯦꯡꯅꯥ ꯎꯕꯥ ꯐꯪꯅꯕꯒꯤꯗꯃꯛ ``ꯑꯣꯇꯣꯁ꯭ꯀꯣꯞ'' ꯀꯧꯕꯥ ꯏꯅꯁ꯭ꯠꯔꯨꯃꯦꯟꯇ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯁꯤꯖꯤꯟꯅꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ꯫ ꯃꯁꯤ ꯃꯉꯥꯜ ꯌꯥꯑꯣꯕꯥ, ꯃꯦꯒ꯭ꯅꯤꯐꯥꯏ ꯇꯧꯕꯥ ꯏꯅꯁ꯭ꯠꯔꯨꯃꯦꯟꯇ ꯑꯃꯅꯤ꯫
ꯏꯌꯥꯔꯗ꯭ꯔꯥꯝ ꯌꯥꯑꯣꯗꯅꯥ ꯇꯥꯕꯥ ꯉꯃꯒꯗ꯭ꯔꯥ?
ꯏꯌꯥꯔꯗ꯭ꯔꯥꯝ ꯌꯥꯑꯣꯗꯅꯥ ꯑꯩꯈꯣꯌꯅꯥ ꯇꯥꯕꯥ ꯈꯣꯟꯖꯦꯂꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯋꯥꯅꯥ ꯊꯣꯀꯏ꯫ ꯑꯩꯈꯣꯌꯅꯥ ꯏꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯃꯈꯥꯗꯥ ꯇꯥꯕꯥ ꯐꯪꯕꯒꯨꯝ ꯐꯥꯑꯣꯏ꯫ ꯄꯣꯃꯈꯠꯄꯥ ꯏꯌꯥꯔꯗ꯭ꯔꯥꯝ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯂꯩꯕꯥ ꯃꯤꯑꯣꯏ ꯑꯃꯅꯥ ꯃꯗꯨ ꯐꯒꯠꯂꯛꯠꯔꯤꯐꯥꯎꯕꯥ ꯗꯤꯒ꯭ꯔꯤ ꯈꯔꯥ ꯁꯣꯀꯄꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ꯫
ꯋꯥꯍꯪ ꯑꯃꯗꯥ ꯍꯥꯌꯔꯕꯗꯥ, ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯏꯌꯥꯔꯗ꯭ꯔꯥꯝ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯃꯑꯣꯡ ꯆꯨꯝꯅꯥ ꯇꯥꯕꯥ ꯉꯝꯅꯕꯒꯤꯗꯃꯛ ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯃꯔꯨꯑꯣꯏ, ꯃꯔꯝ ꯑꯗꯨꯅꯥ ꯃꯁꯤꯕꯨ ꯌꯦꯡꯁꯤꯅꯕꯥ ꯍꯥꯌꯕꯁꯤ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯊꯧꯗꯥꯡꯅꯤ꯫
ꯇꯦꯛ-ꯍꯣꯝ ꯃꯦꯁꯦꯖ ꯇꯧꯕꯥ꯫
- ꯏꯌꯥꯔꯗ꯭ꯔꯥꯝ (tympanic membrane) ꯑꯁꯤ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯇꯥꯕꯥ ꯉꯝꯅꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯇꯉꯥꯏꯐꯗꯕꯥ ꯃꯦꯝꯕ꯭ꯔꯦꯟ ꯑꯃꯅꯤ꯫ ꯃꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯃꯤꯠꯌꯦꯡ ꯑꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯁꯥꯎꯟꯗ ꯋꯦꯕꯁꯤꯡꯕꯨ ꯚꯥꯏꯕ꯭ꯔꯦꯁꯟꯗꯥ ꯑꯣꯟꯊꯣꯀꯏ꯫
- ꯀꯥꯡꯒꯤ ꯏꯅꯐꯦꯛꯁꯅꯁꯤꯡ, ꯑꯦꯛꯁꯤꯗꯦꯟꯇꯁꯤꯡ, ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯑꯀꯅꯕꯥ ꯈꯣꯟꯖꯦꯂꯁꯤꯡꯅꯥ ꯀꯥꯡꯈꯂꯗꯥ ꯁꯣꯀꯍꯅꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ, ꯃꯗꯨꯅꯥ ꯀꯥꯡꯒꯤ ꯑꯁꯣꯛ-ꯑꯄꯟ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯇꯥꯕꯥ ꯉꯃꯗꯕꯥ ꯑꯁꯤꯅꯆꯤꯡꯕꯥ ꯂꯥꯏꯑꯣꯡꯁꯤꯡ ꯊꯣꯀꯍꯜꯂꯤ꯫
- ꯑꯌꯥꯝꯕꯥ ꯃꯇꯃꯗꯥ, ꯏꯌꯥꯔꯗ꯭ꯔꯥꯃꯗꯥ ꯑꯄꯤꯀꯄꯥ ꯑꯃꯥꯡ-ꯑꯇꯥꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯃꯁꯥ ꯃꯊꯟꯇꯥ ꯐꯒꯠꯂꯀꯏ . ꯃꯁꯤ ꯍꯀꯆꯥꯡꯒꯤ ꯑꯉꯀꯄꯥ ꯇꯧꯕꯥ ꯉꯝꯕꯥ ꯑꯃꯅꯤ꯫
- ꯀꯩꯗꯧꯉꯩꯗꯁꯨ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯅꯥꯀꯣꯡꯗꯥ ꯀꯨꯄꯁꯤꯅꯕꯥ ꯅꯠꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯑꯇꯩ ꯑꯀꯪꯕꯥ ꯄꯣꯠꯁꯀꯁꯤꯡ ꯍꯥꯄꯀꯅꯨ꯫
- ꯀꯔꯤꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯅꯥꯀꯣꯡꯗꯥ ꯁꯣꯀꯄꯥ, ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯅꯥꯀꯣꯡꯗꯒꯤ ꯀꯔꯤꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯄꯣꯠꯁꯛ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯊꯣꯛꯂꯀꯄꯥ ꯅꯠꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯇꯥꯕꯥ ꯉꯃꯗꯕꯥ ꯑꯣꯏꯔꯕꯗꯤ, ꯃꯇꯝ ꯑꯃꯠꯇꯥ ꯃꯥꯡꯍꯅꯒꯅꯨ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯗꯣꯛꯇꯔꯒꯥ ꯇꯥꯟꯅꯧ꯫ ꯃꯗꯨ ꯑꯗꯣꯝꯅꯥ ꯇꯧꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯕꯥ ꯈ꯭ꯕꯥꯏꯗꯒꯤ ꯐꯕꯥ ꯊꯕꯀꯅꯤ꯫
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