Tiyeni tiphunzire za khansa ya m'kamwa. Ndikofunikira kuti mudziwe zinthu izi!

Mungakhalenso ndi ululu pakhosi, kusintha kwa mawu anu, kapena kuvutika kumeza, eti? Nthawi zambiri timanyalanyaza zizindikiro zazing'onozi. Timaganiza kuti ndi chimfine kapena kupweteka pakhosi. Komabe, nthawi zina zizindikirozi zomwe zimaoneka ngati zachilendo zimatha kuyambitsidwa ndi chinthu china choopsa kwambiri. Lero tikambirana za nkhani yomwe imafuna kuganizira mozama. Imeneyi ndi " Khansa ya M'mimba," khansa yomwe imapezeka pakati pa pakhosi, kumbuyo kwa pakamwa pathu, komwe pakhosi pamayambira. Musachite mantha, chofunika kwambiri ndikudziwa izi.

Kodi khansa iyi yomwe ili pakati pa mmero (Oropharyngeal Cancer) ndi chiyani?

Mwachidule, `Khansa ya M'mero` ndi khansa yomwe imayamba pamene maselo omwe ali pakati pa mmero mwanu, otchedwa `Oropharynx` , amakula modabwitsa ndipo amakhala khansa. `Oropharynx` imaphatikizapo kumbuyo kwa pakamwa panu, pansi pa lilime lanu, ma tonsils, ndi pakamwa pofewa pamwamba pa pakhosi panu. Malo amenewa amapanga malovu, amasunga pakamwa panu ndi pakhosi panu ponyowa, ndipo amakuthandizani kugaya chakudya chomwe mumadya. Madokotala ali ndi njira zosiyanasiyana zochizira khansa iyi. Komabe, nthawi zina imatha 'kubwereranso' mutalandira chithandizo. Ngakhale kuti khansa iyi singathe kupewedwa kwathunthu, mutha kuchepetsa chiopsezo chanu chotenga matendawa posamalira zinthu zina. Mwachitsanzo, ndikofunikira kwambiri kudziteteza ku kachilombo ka `Human Papillomavirus (HPV)` , osasuta fodya, komanso kuwongolera kumwa mowa.

Kodi vutoli ndi lofala bwanji?

Ndipotu, `Khansa ya M'meropharyngeal` ndi mtundu wa khansa wosowa kwambiri. Mwachitsanzo, malinga ndi American Cancer Society, anthu pafupifupi 53,000 ku United States amapezeka ndi khansa iyi chaka chilichonse. Komabe, ngati titenga khansa ya m'mawere, imakhudza anthu oposa 290,000 chaka chilichonse. Chifukwa chake, poyerekeza ndi zimenezo, izi ndi zochepa pang'ono. Matendawa amapezekanso ku Sri Lanka, koma si ofala kwambiri poyerekeza ndi mitundu ina ya khansa.

Kodi pali mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya `Khansa ya m'kamwa`?

Inde, pali mitundu ingapo ya izi.

• Khansa ya m'matumbo ndiyo mtundu wofala kwambiri wa khansa.
• Kuphatikiza apo, khansa imeneyi imathanso kuchitika m'kamwa, pansi pakamwa, ndi m'mbali zina za m'kamwa.

Kodi zizindikiro za 'Khansa ya Ophoryngeal' ndi ziti?

Izi ndizofunikira kwambiri, chifukwa zizindikiro za khansa iyi nthawi zina zimatha kufanana ndi zizindikiro za matenda ena ang'onoang'ono. Chifukwa chake, ndikofunikira kwambiri kudziwa izi.

• Kupweteka kosalekeza pakhosi (` Pharyngitis` ) : Kupweteka pakhosi komwe sikuchira.
• Kuvuta kapena kupweteka pomeza (`Dysphagia : Kumva ngati sungathe kumeza chakudya.
• Kuvuta kutsegula pakamwa kwathunthu (`Trismus`) kapena kuvutika kusuntha lilime.
• Kuchepetsa thupi mosadziwika : Ngati muchepetsa thupi popanda kuyesetsa.
• Kusintha kwa mawu : Kusamveka bwino kapena kusintha kwa mawu komwe sikuli bwino.
• Kupweteka kwa khutu : Kupweteka kwa khutu kosalekeza komanso kosalekeza (makamaka mbali imodzi).
• Chotupa kumbuyo kwa pakhosi kapena mkamwa : Chotupa chomwe mungachimve kapena kuchiwona.
• Chotupa pakhosi : Chotupa kapena chotupa pakhosi.
• Kutsokomola magazi .
• Malo oyera pa lilime kapena mkati mwa pakamwa : Ngati malowo sakutha pakapita nthawi.

Chofunika: Ngati muli ndi chimodzi mwa zizindikiro izi kapena zingapo, musadandaule, ndi khansa ndithu. Komabe, ngati zizindikirozi zikupitirira kwa milungu iwiri, muyenera kuonana ndi dokotala kuti akupatseni upangiri.

Kodi ndi zifukwa ziti zomwe zimayambitsa 'Khansa ya Ophoryngeal'?

Pali zifukwa zingapo zazikulu zomwe zimayambitsa khansa iyi.

• Matenda a papillomavirus ya anthu ( HPV ) : Ichi ndiye chifukwa chachikulu chomwe chadziwika. Kachilombo ka HPV kamakhudza majini omwe amalamulira kukula kwa maselo mkamwa ndi pakhosi pathu. Izi zingayambitse maselo kukula mofulumira ndikukhala khansa, kapena zotupa.
• Kugwiritsa Ntchito Fodya : Kusuta ndudu, ndudu, ndi fodya wotafuna kungawononge maselo a pakhosi panu. Kuwonongeka kumeneku kumapangitsa kuti maselo agawikane kwambiri kuposa momwe zimakhalira. Izi zimawonjezera mwayi woti DNA iwonongeke, zomwe zingayambitse kukula kwa maselo a khansa.
• Mowa : Kumwa mowa kungawononge maselo a pakhosi panu ndipo kungakhudze luso lanu lokonzanso DNA. Kumwa mowa uku mukusuta kumawonjezera chiopsezo kwambiri.

Kodi ndi zinthu ziti zomwe zingachititse kuti munthu akhale ndi khansa ya m'kamwa?

Pali zinthu zingapo zomwe zimawonjezera chiopsezo chotenga khansa iyi:

• Matenda a HPV , makamaka HPV mtundu 16.
• Kukhala ndi mbiri yogwiritsa ntchito ndudu ndi zinthu zina za fodya.
• Kumwa mowa mopitirira muyeso.
• Ngati munakhalapo ndi khansa ya mutu kapena khosi kale.
• Ngati mwalandira chithandizo cha radiation kumutu kapena pakhosi.

Kodi madokotala amazindikira bwanji khansa ya m'kamwa?

Mukapita kukaonana ndi dokotala, iye adzakufunsani kaye za zizindikiro zanu, mbiri yanu yachipatala (monga ngati munadwalapo khansa kale, ngati munalandira chithandizo cha radiation), ndi moyo wanu (monga ngati mumasuta kapena kumwa mowa). Kenako, adzafufuza mosamala pakamwa panu, pakhosi panu, ndi pakhosi panu. Adzamvanso zotupa zilizonse pakhosi panu. Nthawi zina, angagwiritse ntchito galasi, kuwala, kapena chubu chopyapyala chokhala ndi kamera ('fiberoptic scope') kuti aone mkati mwa pakamwa panu ndi pakhosi panu.

Ndi mayeso amtundu wanji omwe amachitidwa pa izi?

Madokotala amatha kuchita mayeso angapo kuti atsimikizire matendawa:

• Kuyeza kwa Endoscopic Biopsy : Izi zimaphatikizapo kulowetsa chubu chopyapyala komanso chosinthasintha (endoscope) kudzera pakamwa, pogwiritsa ntchito kamera kakang'ono kumapeto kuti mutenge chidutswa cha minofu kuchokera pamalo okayikitsa. Kenako minofuyo imafufuzidwa pogwiritsa ntchito maikulosikopu mu labotale kuti muwone ngati pali maselo a khansa kapena matenda a HPV.
• `Kujambula kwa `CT` : Kujambula kwa `CT` kumeneku kumatha kuyeza kukula kwa khansa ndikuwona ngati yafalikira kumadera ena. Nthawi zina izi zitha kuchitika limodzi ndi `Positron Emission Tomography (PET) Scan`.
• Kujambula kwa Magnetic Resonance (MRI) Scan : Kujambula kwa MRI kumeneku kumatha kupanga zithunzi zatsatanetsatane za minofu yofewa ya thupi, makamaka ma tonsils ndi pansi pa lilime. Izi zingathandizenso kudziwa kukula kwa chotupacho.

Kodi pali magawo a `Khansa ya M'kamwa`?

Inde, ndithudi. Madokotala amakonza chithandizo ndipo amapereka lingaliro la zomwe zidzachitike potengera siteji ya khansa (Cancer Staging). Pali magawo anayi akuluakulu a khansa ya m'mimba (Gawo Loyamba mpaka Lachinayi). Magawo awa amatha kusiyana pang'ono kutengera ngati muli ndi kachilombo ka HPV kapena ayi. Kuphatikiza apo, kukula kwa chotupacho, kaya chafalikira ku ma lymph nodes apafupi, kapena kumadera akutali a thupi, kumathandizanso kudziwa siteji.

Kodi `Khansa ya M'kamwa` imachiritsidwa bwanji?

Madokotala amagwiritsa ntchito njira monga opaleshoni, chithandizo cha radiation, chemotherapy, chithandizo chamankhwala cholunjika, kapena chithandizo cha immunotherapy pochiza khansa iyi. Cholinga chawo chachikulu ndikuchotsa maselo a khansa m'njira yomwe ingakhudze luso lanu lolankhula ndi kumeza pang'ono momwe mungathere.

Opaleshoni

Ngati khansayo ndi yaying'ono ndipo sinafalikire kumadera ena, ikhoza kuchotsedwa mwa opaleshoni.

• `Opaleshoni ya Robotic Yodutsa Mkamwa (TORS)`: Iyi ndi njira yatsopano yochitira opaleshoni yomwe imachitidwa kudzera pakamwa. Imatha kuchotsa khansa mkati mwa pakhosi, m'malo ovuta kufikako. Chifukwa imagwiritsa ntchito ukadaulo wa robotic, sipafunika kudula khosi lalikulu kapena kuchotsa uvula. Nthawi zambiri sipafunika `tracheostomy` (kuika chubu chopumira).
• Ubwino wa `TORS`:
• Kukhalitsa kuchipatala pambuyo pa opaleshoni ndi kochepa.
• Mukhoza kuchira mwachangu.
• Pali kuwonongeka kochepa kwa minofu ndi minofu yozungulira zomwe zimathandiza kumeza.
• Mavuto a kulankhula ndi kumeza kwa nthawi yayitali ndi ochepa.
• Zotsatirapo/zovuta za `TORS`:
• Kutuluka magazi kosazolowereka (`Kutuluka magazi`).
• Chakudya kapena zakumwa zomwe zimalowa m'mapapo ('Aspiration').
• Kulephera kupeza mpweya wokwanira m'mapapo (Respiratory Compromise).
• Kuvuta kumeza (Dysphagia).
• Kuvuta kutafuna chakudya.
• Kutaya mawu kosatha kapena kuvutika kulankhula.
• Kufunika opaleshoni ya tracheostomy chifukwa cha kupuma movutikira.
• Kusintha kwa mawonekedwe a nkhope.

Anthu ena angafunike chithandizo china pambuyo pa opaleshoni ya TORS, monga opaleshoni yokonzanso thupi, mankhwala olankhulira, kapena mankhwala opatsa thanzi, kuti athetse mavuto ena.

Mankhwala a Chemotherapy

Dokotala wanu angapereke chithandizo cha chemotherapy yekha kapena pogwiritsa ntchito chithandizo cha radiation. Ngati opaleshoni sizingatheke, mwachitsanzo ngati khansa ndi yayikulu kwambiri moti singachotsedwe mwa opaleshoni, mankhwala awiriwa angaperekedwe pamodzi. Komanso:

• Ngati khansa yafalikira kuchokera ku oropharynx kupita ku ziwalo zina za thupi.
• Kuphwanya chotupa musanachite opaleshoni.
• Mankhwalawa amagwiritsidwanso ntchito kuwononga maselo aliwonse a khansa omwe angakhalebe pambuyo pa opaleshoni.
• Zotsatirapo za mankhwala a chemotherapy ndi chithandizo cha radiation: Mankhwala awiriwa akaperekedwa pamodzi, luso lanu lolankhula lingakhudzidwe. Izi zili choncho chifukwa chithandizo cha radiation pakhosi chingawononge minofu yathanzi, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zikhale zovuta kulankhula ndi kumeza. Izi zingafunike chithandizo chapadera.

Chithandizo Cholunjika

Awa ndi mapuloteni apadera opangidwa mu labu (ma antibodies a monoclonal). Mankhwalawa amagwira ntchito poletsa mapuloteni omwe amathandiza maselo a khansa kugawa, kukula, ndi kufalikira.

• Zotsatirapo: Izi zimasiyana malinga ndi mtundu wa mankhwala. Mwachitsanzo, zotsatirapo zofala za mankhwala a `Cetuximab` zitha kuphatikizapo:
• Zizindikiro za matenda monga malungo ndi kuzizira.
• Kukwiya kwa khungu, kuyabwa.
• Chizungulire.
• Pakamwa pouma.
• Kusadya bwino.
• Kusintha kwa khungu ndi misomali.

Chithandizo cha Immunotherapy

Iyi ndi njira yoyamba yothandizira khansa ngati yabwerera kapena yafalikira. Chithandizo cha immunotherapy chimagwira ntchito pothandiza chitetezo chanu cha mthupi kupeza ndikuwononga maselo a khansa. Pembrolizumab (Keytruda®) ndi Nivolumab (Opdivo®) ndi mankhwala awiri otere.

• Zotsatirapo zake:Nthawi zambiri, zotsatira zake zimakhala zochepa.
• Kutopa.
• Ziphuphu zoyabwa.
• Kutsegula m'mimba.
• Kusanza ndi kusanza.

Kodi Khansa ya M'mimba Ingapewedwe?

Ngakhale kuti sizingatheke kupeweratu, pali zinthu zomwe mungachite kuti muchepetse chiopsezo chanu:

• Pewani kutenga kachilombo ka Human Papillomavirus (HPV). Kukhala ndi anthu ambiri ogonana nawo kapena kuchita zogonana mkamwa kumawonjezera chiopsezo chanu chotenga kachilombo ka HPV. Funsani dokotala wanu za katemera wa HPV.
• Musayambe kusuta. Ngati mukusuta, siyani. Kupitiriza kusuta kumawonjezera chiopsezo chanu chokhala ndi khansa yachiwiri ya mkamwa, pakhosi, pakhosi, kapena m'mapapo. Funsani dokotala wanu kuti akuthandizeni kusiya kusuta.
• Musamwe mowa pafupipafupi kapena mochuluka. Mowa umawonjezera mphamvu ya fodya yoyambitsa khansa. Chifukwa chake, ndikofunikira kwambiri kupewa kugwiritsa ntchito zonsezi pamodzi.
• Idyani zakudya zopatsa thanzi komanso zopatsa thanzi. Muzichita masewera olimbitsa thupi nthawi zonse.
• Pitani kwa dokotala wanu ndi dokotala wa mano nthawi zonse. Angathe kufufuza pakamwa panu ndi pakhosi panu ndikupeza kusintha kulikonse msanga.

Nanga chimachitika ndi chiyani ndikakhala ndi vutoli?

Ngati muli ndi khansa ya m'kamwa, muyenera kuyesedwa nthawi zonse kuti muwone ngati khansa ikubwereranso kapena yatsopano. Ngati mumamwa mowa kapena kusuta, lankhulani ndi dokotala wanu za kusiya. Kusuta fodya ndi kumwa mowa kumawonjezera chiopsezo cha khansa kubwerera kapena kuyamba khansa yatsopano.

Kodi `Khansa ya M'kamwa` ingachiritsidwe?

Madokotala amatha kuchiza khansa iyi. Komabe, imatha kubwereranso ngakhale atalandira chithandizo chabwino. Malinga ndi bungwe la American Cancer Society, pafupifupi 70% ya anthu omwe ali ndi khansa ya m'kamwa amakhalabe ndi moyo zaka zisanu kuchokera pamene adapezeka ndi matendawa. Madokotala apeza zinthu zingapo zomwe zimakhudza momwe matendawa amachitikira:

• Monga khansa zambiri, zotsatira zake zimakhala zabwino ngati khansayo yapezeka ndikuchiritsidwa isanafalikire.
• Anthu omwe amadwala khansa chifukwa cha matenda a HPV amakhala ndi zotsatira zabwino kuposa omwe alibe kachilomboka.
• Anthu omwe sagwiritsa ntchito fodya amapeza zotsatira zabwino kuposa omwe amagwiritsa ntchito fodya.

Kodi ndimadzisamalira bwanji?

Njira yabwino kwambiri yodzisamalira ndi iyi:

• Pewani kusuta fodya. Ngati mukusuta, yesani kusiya.
• Pewani kumwa mowa.
• Ngati muli ndi HPV, lankhulani ndi dokotala wanu za katemera woti akutetezeni ku matenda atsopano.
• Pemphani thandizo. Chithandizo chanu chingapangitse kuti zikhale zovuta kulankhula kapena kudya. Komabe, pali njira zapadera zochiritsira ndi mapulogalamu othandizira kuthana ndi mavutowa.
• Pitani kwa dokotala nthawi zambiri.Yang'anirani thanzi lanu lonse ndi ngati khansa yabwereranso.

Kodi ndiyenera kupita liti kwa dokotala? Kodi ndiyenera kupita liti ku chipinda chodzidzimutsa?

Ndikofunikira kwambiri kuonana ndi dokotala nthawi zonse mukatha kulandira chithandizo. Mungafunike kukaonana ndi dokotala nthawi zonse kwa moyo wanu wonse. Nthawi zambiri, mudzapemphedwa kuti muonenane masabata 6-12 aliwonse chaka choyamba mukatha kulandira chithandizo, miyezi itatu iliyonse chaka chachiwiri, miyezi 3-4 iliyonse chaka chachitatu, kenako miyezi 6 iliyonse pambuyo pake. Ngati mwachitidwa opaleshoni yochotsa zotupa za khansa, muyenera kupita kuchipatala mwamsanga ngati muli ndi zizindikiro zilizonse za matenda . Zizindikiro izi zikuphatikizapo:

• Malungo.
• Ngati malo ochitira opaleshoni ndi ofiira komanso opweteka.
• Ngati pali madzi ofanana ndi mafinya ochokera pamalo ochitira opaleshoni.

Ndi mafunso ati omwe ndiyenera kufunsa dokotala wanga?

Mungathe kufunsa mafunso awa mukapita kwa dokotala:

• Kodi khansa yanga ili kuti kwenikweni?
• Kodi khansa yanga yafalikira? Kodi ili pamlingo wotani? Kodi zimenezo zikutanthauza chiyani?
• Ndi mayeso ena ati omwe ndiyenera kuchita?
• Kodi madokotala omwe ali mu gulu langa lothandizira ndi ndani?
• Kodi khansa yanga ikugwirizana ndi kachilombo ka Human Papillomavirus (HPV)?
• Ndi kusintha kotani komwe ndiyenera kusintha pa moyo wanga?
• Kodi ndondomeko yanga ya chithandizo ndi iti? Kodi njira zonse zomwe ndingasankhe ndi ziti?
• Kodi pali mwayi wotani woti matenda anga achiritsidwe?
• Kodi zotsatirapo zake ndi ziti?
• Kodi chingachitike n’chiyani ngati khansa yabwereranso? ​​Kodi ndi njira ziti zomwe ndingatsatire?

Kodi "Khansa ya M'kamwa" ndi yofanana ndi "Khansa ya Mkamwa"?

Ayi. Ngakhale kuti zonsezi ndi mitundu ya khansa ya mutu ndi khosi, ndizosiyana.

• Khansa ya mkamwa ndi khansa yomwe imayamba mkamwa mwanu kapena mkamwa mwanu. Ikhoza kuchitika kutsogolo kwa lilime lanu, mkati mwa masaya anu, kutsogolo kwa pakamwa panu, komanso pansi pa pakamwa panu.
• Khansa ya m'kamwa ndi khansa yomwe imayamba m'kamwa mwanu, yomwe imaphatikizapo ma tonsils, kumbuyo kwa lilime, pakamwa pofewa, m'mbali ndi kumbuyo kwa pakhosi. Izi zimapangidwa kuchokera ku maselo ozungulira omwe ali pamwamba pa pakamwa ndi pakhosi.

Khansa ya m'kamwa ndi mtundu wosowa kwambiri wa khansa ya mutu ndi khosi. Ngakhale madokotala amatha kuichiza, imatha kubwereranso atalandira chithandizo. Nthawi zambiri, khansa iyi imayamba chifukwa cha kukhudzana ndi kachilombo ka Human Papillomavirus (HPV). Anthu omwe amasuta fodya ndi kumwa mowa nawonso ali pachiwopsezo chachikulu chotenga khansa iyi.

Uthenga Wopita Nawo Kunyumba

Chabwino, tiyeni tikukumbutseni mfundo zofunika kuchokera pa zomwe takambirana.

• Khansa ya m'mero ​​ndi khansa yomwe imapezeka pakati pa mmero. Matenda a HPV, kusuta fodya, ndi kumwa mowa ndi zinthu zazikulu zomwe zimayambitsa matendawa.
• Kupweteka kosalekeza pakhosi, kuvutika kumeza, kusintha kwa mawu, ziphuphu pakhosiDziwani zizindikiro monga: Ngati izi zikupitirira kwa milungu iwiri, funsani upangiri kwa dokotala.
• Pali njira zingapo zochizira. Kuzindikira msanga ndikofunikira kwambiri.
• Chiwopsezochi chingachepe chifukwa cha zinthu monga katemera wa HPV, kupewa kusuta fodya, komanso kumwa mowa mopitirira muyeso.
• Ngati muli ndi vuto ngati ili kapena muli ndi kukayikira kulikonse, musaope kupita kwa dokotala ndikulankhula naye. Adzakuthandizani.

Kumbukirani, kudziwa bwino zinthu ndiko chitetezo chabwino kwambiri. Ndikoyenera kusamalira thanzi lanu.