Tiyeni tiphunzire za asilikali ang'onoang'ono m'thupi lanu - ma lymphocytes.

Tonsefe timafuna kukhala athanzi. Ndiye kodi mumadziwa kuti thupi lathu lili ndi chitetezo champhamvu chomwe chimatiteteza ku matenda? Ma Lymphocyte ndi ziwalo zofunika kwambiri za chitetezo chimenecho. Mwachidule, ali ngati asilikali ang'onoang'ono m'thupi lathu. Tiyeni tikambirane zambiri za ma lymphocyte awa lero.

Kodi ma lymphocyte ndi chiyani kwenikweni?

Ma Lymphocyte ndi mtundu wa selo lotchedwa maselo oyera a m'magazi. Inde, mwamvapo kuti pali maselo ofiira ndi maselo oyera m'magazi. Ma Lymphocyte ndi gulu lapadera la maselo oyera. Ntchito yawo yayikulu ndikuthandiza chitetezo chathu chamthupi. Chitetezo chamthupi chili ngati gulu lankhondo lachitetezo mdziko lathu. Dongosololi lilipo kuti lititeteze ku adani ochokera kunja (kutanthauza, ku majeremusi , mabakiteriya, mavairasi omwe amayambitsa matenda).

Pali mitundu iwiri ikuluikulu ya ma lymphocyte:

• Ma T lymphocytes (ma T cell): Awa ndi omwe amalamulira momwe chitetezo cha mthupi chimayankhira. Amathanso kupeza maselo omwe ali ndi kachilombo ndi maselo a khansa ndikuwaukira mwachindunji ndikuwononga.
• Ma lymphocyte a B (kapena maselo a B): Awa ndi omwe amapanga zinthu zotchedwa ma antibodies. Ma antibodies ndi mtundu wa mapuloteni. Kunena zoona, awa ali ngati zida zomwe zimapangidwa mwapadera kuti zizindikire ndikulimbana ndi adani akunja monga mavairasi ndi mabakiteriya.

Ndiye, kodi ma lymphocyte amenewa amapereka chithandizo chotani ku matupi athu?

Ma lymphocyte si maselo ochepa chabe. Amathandiza kwambiri matupi athu.

Makamaka, ma lymphocyte amenewa amathandiza kulimbana ndi maselo a khansa komanso kulimbana ndi ma antigen monga mavairasi ndi mabakiteriya ochokera kunja.

Si zokhazo, komanso ma lymphocyte awa ali ndi kukumbukira kodabwitsa. Amakumbukira antigen iliyonse yomwe amakumana nayo. Tangoganizirani, ngati munali ndi chikuku muli mwana , mudzadwalanso chikuku kawirikawiri mukakula, eti? Chimodzimodzinso ndi nkhuku. Izi zili choncho chifukwa cha kukumbukira ma lymphocyte awa. Ma lymphocyte ena, akakumana ndi antigen, amakhala "maselo okumbukira". Kenako, ngati antigen yomweyo ibweranso m'thupi, maselo okumbukira awa amazindikira mwachangu ndikuchitapo kanthu mwachangu. Ndicho chifukwa chake sitimadwala matenda ena kawiri. Ndi chifukwa cha mfundo imeneyi kuti tikhoza kutetezedwa ku matenda ena mwa kupereka katemera.

Kodi maselo a T ndi maselo a B amagwira ntchito bwanji?

Maselo a T ndi maselo a B onse amagwira ntchito limodzi, koma ntchito zawo zimasiyana pang'ono.

Ntchito ya maselo a T

Maselo a T ndi omwe makamaka amawononga maselo omwe ali ndi kachilomboka komanso kuwongolera momwe thupi lathu limayankhira ku zinthu zakunja. Komabe, maselo ambiri a T amafunikira thandizo la selo lina loteteza thupi kuti ligwire ntchito. Maselo a T akangoyatsidwa, amachulukana (ndiko kuti, kukula kwake) ndipo amasiyana mitundu ya maselo a T. Mitundu iyi ndi iyi:

• Maselo a T omwe ali ndi poizoni : Awa ndi ngati mphamvu zapadera pankhondo. Maselo amenewa amalumikizana ndi ma antigen pa maselo omwe ali ndi kachilomboka kapena osazolowereka. Kenako amapanga mabowo mu nembanemba ya maselo omwe ali ndi kachilomboka, amawabaya ma enzyme , ndikuwapha.
• Maselo a T othandiza: Monga momwe dzinalo likusonyezera, awa amathandiza maselo ena oteteza thupi. Ena amathandiza maselo a B kupanga ma antibodies. Ena amathandiza maselo a T omwe ali ndi poizoni kuti ayambe kugwira ntchito.
• Maselo a T olamulira: Maselo amenewa amapanga zinthu zomwe zimathandiza kuthetsa chitetezo cha mthupi. Nthawi zina, zimathandizanso kuteteza thupi lathu kuti lisakumane ndi zotsatirapo zoipa.

Ntchito ya maselo a B

Maselo a B ali ndi ma receptors apadera pamwamba pawo omwe amalumikizana ndi ma antigen. Maselo a B amaphunzira kuzindikira ma antigen osiyanasiyanawa ndikupanga ma antibodies enieni kuti aukire aliyense. Maselo a B amayankha ma antigen m'njira ziwiri:

• Chitetezo chamthupi chachikulu: Pamene antigen ikakhudzana ndi cholandirira, maselo a B amalimbikitsidwa. Maselo ena a B amakhala "maselo okumbukira." Maselo ena a B amakhala "maselo a plasma." Maselo a plasma awa amapanga ma antibodies omwe ndi apadera kwa antigen yomwe idalimbikitsidwa. Komabe, zingatenge masiku angapo kuti chiwerengero chofunikira cha ma antibodies chipangidwe.
• Chitetezo chamthupi chachiwiri: Tangoganizirani zomwe zimachitika ngati antigen yomweyi yomwe idabwera kale ibwerera m'thupi. Kenako, maselo okumbukirawo amakumbukira. Amachulukana mwachangu, amakhala maselo a plasma, ndipo amapanga ma antibodies mwachangu kwambiri. Ichi ndichifukwa chake mumachira mwachangu mukadwala kachiwiri.

Ndiye, kodi ma lymphocyte amenewa amapangidwa ndi kupezeka kuti m'thupi lathu?

Ma Lymphocyte amapangidwa m'mafupa athu.Kenako, amakula, zomwe zikutanthauza kuti amakula bwino, ndikulowa m'magazi. Ma lymphocyte okhwima amapezeka m'magazi athu komanso m'mbali zonse za dongosolo la lymphatic .

Ma lymphocyte ena amapita kumalo otchedwa thymus gland yathu. Ma lymphocyte amenewo amakhala ma T cell. Ma lymphocyte ena amapita ku ma lymph node athu ndi ziwalo zina. Amenewo ndi omwe amakhala ma B cell.

Kodi ma lymphocyte amawoneka bwanji?

Ma Lymphocyte ndi maselo omwe ndi akuluakulu pang'ono kuposa maselo ofiira a magazi . Komabe, ndi ang'onoang'ono kwambiri kuti asawonekere pogwiritsa ntchito maikulosikopu. Lymphocyte iliyonse ili ndi nucleus yayikulu pakati. nucleus iyi ndi yofiirira wakuda. Chinthu chozungulira chomwe chimakhala ngati jelly, chotchedwa cytoplasm , ndi chofiirira chopepuka.

Kodi chiwerengero cha ma lymphocyte abwinobwino ndi chiyani?

Chiwerengero cha ma lymphocyte m'thupi lathu chimasiyana malinga ndi munthu. Chimadalira zinthu monga zaka, mtundu, jenda, kutalika, ndi moyo wathu.

• Mwa munthu wamkulu, nthawi zambiri pamakhala ma lymphocyte 1,000 ndi 4,800 pa microliter imodzi ya magazi.
• Kwa ana aang'ono, chiwerengerochi n'chokwera pang'ono. Akhoza kukhala ndi ma lymphocyte pakati pa 3,000 ndi 9,500 pa microliter imodzi ya magazi.

Ma lymphocyte nthawi zambiri amapanga pakati pa 20% ndi 40% ya maselo oyera onse m'thupi lathu.

Kodi chimachitika ndi chiyani ngati kuchuluka kwa ma lymphocyte kuli kwakukulu?

Ngati chiwerengero cha ma lymphocyte m'magazi chili chokwera kuposa chachibadwa, timachitcha lymphocytosis . Izi nthawi zambiri zimachitika chifukwa cha matenda kapena matenda. Nthawi zina matupi athu amapanga ma lymphocyte owonjezera kuti athandize kulimbana ndi matenda.

Komabe, matenda ena akuluakulu angayambitsenso kuchuluka kwa ma lymphocytes. Ena mwa matendawa ndi awa:

• Matenda a chiwindi
• Chindoko
• Mononucleosis
• Chifuwa chachikulu
• HIV ndi Edzi
• Hypothyroidism
• Matenda monga chifuwa chachikulu, toxoplasmosis, kapena cytomegalovirus
• Khansa ya m'magazi monga lymphoma kapena leukemia

Kodi chimachitika ndi chiyani ngati chiwerengero cha ma lymphocyte chili chochepa?

Ngati chiwerengero cha ma lymphocyte m'magazi chili chotsika kuposa chachibadwa, timachitcha lymphocytopenia kapena lymphopenia . Izi zitha kuchitika chifukwa cha chimfine kapena matenda ena ang'onoang'ono. Komabe, matenda kapena vuto lalikulu lingayambitsenso kuchepa kwa chiwerengero cha ma lymphocyte. Nazi zina mwa zifukwa:

• HIV kapena Edzi
• Chifuwa chachikulu kapena malungo a typhoid
• Matenda a chiwindi a kachilombo
• Matenda a magazi monga matenda a Hodgkin
• Matenda a autoimmune monga lupus
• Matenda obadwa nawo osowa monga Severe Combined Immunodeficiency (SCID), Ataxia-telangiectasia, DiGeorge syndrome, ndi Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome
• Mankhwala monga radiation therapy kapena chemotherapy

Ndi mayeso ati omwe amayesa ngati kuchuluka kwa ma lymphocyte anga kuli bwino?

Pali mayeso angapo a magazi omwe angakuthandizeni kudziwa kuchuluka kwa ma lymphocyte m'magazi anu. Mayeso akuluakulu ndi awa:

• Kuchuluka kwa Ma Lymphocyte Okwanira: Ichi ndi gawo la mayeso a Complete Blood Count (CBC) omwe amachitidwa nthawi zonse. Amayesa kuchuluka kwa ma lymphocyte m'magazi mwanu ngati nambala yeniyeni, osati ngati peresenti.
• Kuyeza kwa kayendedwe ka magazi: Iyi ndi njira yoyezera yomwe imachitidwa mu labotale yapadera. Chitsanzo cha magazi anu chimasungunuka mumadzimadzi ndikudutsa mu chipangizo cha laser chotchedwa flow cytometer. Kuwala kwa laser kumapangitsa maselo anu amagazi kufalikira m'mapangidwe. Mapangidwewo amalola mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya maselo kuwoneka bwino ndikuwerengedwa.

Kodi zizindikiro zofala za matenda okhudzana ndi ma lymphocyte ndi ziti?

Nthawi zambiri, palibe zizindikiro zenizeni za lymphocytosis (kuchuluka kwa ma lymphocyte) kapena lymphocytopenia (kuchepa kwa ma lymphocyte). Komabe, ngati chiwerengero cha ma lymphocyte chawonjezeka chifukwa cha matenda a magazi kapena khansa, zizindikiro zokhudzana ndi matendawa zingawonekere. Zina mwa zizindikirozi ndi izi:

• Ma lymph nodes otupa
• Thukuta la usiku
• Malungo
• Kupweteka m'mimba
• Kutaya chilakolako
• Kupuma movutikira

Pomaliza, chinthu chofunikira kwambiri chomwe muyenera kukumbukira!

Ma lymphocyte ndi mtundu wofunika kwambiri wa maselo oyera m'thupi lathu. Ndiwo gawo lalikulu la chitetezo chathu chamthupi ndipo amatiteteza ku matenda. Kuyesa magazi kosavuta kungakudziwitseni kuchuluka kwa ma lymphocyte omwe muli nawo.

Zingakhale zoopsa pang'ono kudziwa ngati ma lymphocyte anu ali okwera kapena otsika kuposa masiku onse. Koma nthawi zambiri, kusintha kwa kuchuluka kwa ma lymphocyte anu kungatanthauze kuti thupi lanu likulimbana ndi matenda. Choncho musadandaule mopanda chifukwa.

Ngati muli ndi kukayikira kapena mafunso okhudza izi, chinthu chabwino kuchita ndikuonana ndi dokotala wanu ndikukambirana za izi. Dokotala wanu adzatha kupeza chifukwa chenicheni ndikuchita zomwe zikufunika kuti mubwererenso ku moyo wabwinobwino.