Kumvetsetsa Makutu Anu: Momwe Amathandizira Kumva Kwanu ndi Kulinganiza Bwino

Kodi munayamba mwaganizapo za momwe makutu anu alili odabwitsa? Ndi zinthu zambiri osati mbali zonse ziwiri za mutu wanu; ndi ziwalo zapamwamba kwambiri zomwe zimapangidwa kuti zikuthandizeni kumva ndikusunga bwino thupi lanu. Tiyeni tiwone momwe zimagwirira ntchito komanso momwe mungatetezere thanzi lanu la kumva.

Kodi Ntchito Zazikulu za Khutu Ndi Ziti? Mungadabwe!

Makutu anu ali ndi maudindo awiri ofunikira komanso ofunikira: kumva ndi kusunga bwino thupi lanu . Zonsezi ndizofunikira kwambiri kuti muzitha kuyenda bwino tsiku ndi tsiku.

Kodi Kumva Kumagwira Ntchito Bwanji Kwenikweni?

Mwachidule, nayi momwe mawu amayendera m'khutu mwanu:

1. Mafunde a phokoso amalowa m'khutu lanu lakunja, amayenda pansi pa ngalande ya khutu, ndikugunda ng'oma yanu ya eardrum (tympanic membrane) , zomwe zimapangitsa kuti igwedezeke.

2. Kugwedezeka kumeneku kumafalikira ku mafupa atatu ang'onoang'ono omwe ali m'khutu lanu lapakati, omwe amadziwika kuti ma ossicles . Mafupa odabwitsa awa amakulitsa kugwedezeka kwa mawu ndikutumiza mkati mwa khutu lanu lamkati.

3. M'khutu lamkati, maselo apadera amadzimadzi ndi ang'onoang'ono, okhala ngati tsitsi otchedwa stereocilia amajambula kugwedezeka kumeneku. Amasintha mafunde enieni a mawu kukhala zizindikiro zamagetsi.

4. Pomaliza, zizindikiro zamagetsi izi zimayenda kudzera mu mitsempha yanu yomvera kupita ku ubongo wanu, zomwe zimawamasulira kukhala mawu omwe mumazindikira. Ndi njira yofulumira komanso yolondola kwambiri!

Kodi Makutu Anu Amalamulira Bwanji Kulinganiza Bwino Kwanu?

Kodi mumaganiza kuti makutu anu ndi akumva okha? Zoona zake n'zakuti, khutu lanu lamkati limagwiranso ntchito yofunika kwambiri pokuthandizani kuti muyende bwino komanso kuti musagwedezeke.

Mkati mwa khutu lanu lamkati muli zingwe zitatu zazing'ono zodzaza ndi madzi zomwe zimatchedwa ngalande zozungulira . Zili ndi zolandirira zofewa ngati tsitsi. Mukatembenuza, kutembenuza, kapena kusuntha mutu wanu, madzi omwe ali mkati mwa ngalandezi amasuntha, ndikupindika maselo ang'onoang'ono a tsitsi.

Kusunthaku nthawi yomweyo kumasanduka zizindikiro zamagetsi zomwe zimatumizidwa ku ubongo wanu kudzera mu mitsempha ya vestibular . Kenako ubongo wanu umagwirizana ndi minofu yanu kuti muwonetsetse kuti muli bwino. Kaya mukuyenda, kuthamanga, kapena kuvina, makutu anu akugwira ntchito mwakachetechete kuseri kwa zochitika kuti akusungeni olimba!

Kodi Malo Anu Othandizira Kumva Ali Kuti?

Ngakhale n’zoonekeratu kuti makutu anu ali mbali zonse ziwiri za mutu wanu, kapangidwe kake ka mkati kamakhala pansi pa malo ozungulira ubongo wanu. Mbali yapaderayi ya ubongo ndi yomwe imayang’anira kukonza chidziwitso cha kumva, kulankhula, kukumbukira, komanso malingaliro ena.

Kapangidwe ka Khutu: Tiyeni Tilifotokoze

Kuti timvetse mosavuta, tingagawe khutu m'zigawo zitatu zazikulu, pafupifupi ngati zipinda m'nyumba:

1. Khutu lakunja (khutu lakunja)

2. Khutu lapakati

3. Khutu lamkati

Chiwalo chanu cha khutu (tympanic membrane) chimagwira ntchito ngati chotchinga choteteza khutu lanu lakunja ndi khutu lanu lapakati.

Khutu Lakunja (Khutu Lakunja) - Zimene Mumaona Kunja

Khutu lakunja ndi gawo looneka mbali ya mutu wanu. Lili ndi auricle (kapena pinna) , yomwe imapangidwa ndi nyerere yofewa yophimbidwa ndi khungu. Gawoli lilinso ndi tiziwalo timene timatulutsa udzu wa m'makutu (cerumen) . Udzu wa m'makutu ndi chitetezo chachilengedwe; umasunga fumbi, dothi, ndi mabakiteriya kuti asalowe mkati. Mawonekedwe ofanana ndi funnel a auricle channels amamveka kuchokera mu ngalande ya khutu lanu molunjika ku ntchafu yanu ya m'makutu.

Khutu Lapakati - Chipinda Chokulitsa

Khutu lapakati lili pafupi ndi ntchafu yanu ya khutu, ndipo lili ndi dzenje laling'ono lodzaza ndi mpweya. Lili ndi mafupa atatu ang'onoang'ono kwambiri m'thupi la munthu: nyundo (nyundo) , incus (anvil) , ndi stapes (stirrup).Pamodzi, akatswiri azachipatala amatcha mafupa awa kuti ossicles . Amagwira ntchito ngati unyolo wofewa, amalumikiza ng'oma ya khutu kupita ku khutu lamkati, ndikukweza ndi kudutsa mafunde amawu.

Khutu lapakati lilinso ndi machubu a Eustachian , omwe amalumikiza chipindachi kumbuyo kwa pakhosi panu. Mukameza, kuyasamula, kapena kuyetsemula, machubu awa amatseguka kwakanthawi kuti agwirizane ndi kuthamanga kwa mpweya m'khutu lanu lapakati ndi malo akunja. Kodi mudamvapo makutu anu "akugwedezeka" mukuyenda pandege kapena mukukwera phiri? Umenewo ndi machubu anu a Eustachian omwe akugwira ntchito kuti azitha kuyendetsa bwino kuthamanga kwa mpweya!

Khutu Lamkati - Chipinda Chovuta Kwambiri

Khutu lamkati ndilo dongosolo lovuta komanso lofewa kwambiri m'khutu. Lili ndi mapangidwe awiri akuluakulu:

• Cochlea: Ichi ndi chiwalo chachikulu cha kumva, chooneka bwino ngati chipolopolo chaching'ono cha nkhono. Chodzaza ndi madzi ndipo chili ndi maselo ambirimbiri a tsitsi (stereocilia), chimayankha mafunde a phokoso mwa kutembenuza kugwedezeka kwa madzi kukhala zizindikiro zamagetsi zomwe ubongo wanu umatanthauzira ngati phokoso.
• Ma Semicircular Canals: Monga tanenera kale, ma loops atatuwa—omwe nthawi zambiri amatchedwa gawo la labyrinth —ali pa ngodya yolondola. Kakonzedwe ka malo aka kamalola kuti azitha kuzindikira kuyenda kulikonse, zomwe zimakupangitsani kukhala olimba.

Matenda Omwe Amamva Ambiri Omwe Muyenera Kudziwa

Popeza khutu ndi lofewa komanso lotseguka, limatha kugwidwa ndi matenda, kuvulala, ndi mavuto ena azaumoyo. Tiyeni tiwone mavuto ena omwe amafala kwambiri m'khutu.

Matenda a Khutu la Pakati (Otitis Media)

Matenda a m'makutu—makamaka matenda a m'makutu apakati, omwe amadziwika kuti otitis media —ndi ofala kwambiri mwa ana, ngakhale kuti amathanso kukhudza akuluakulu. Nthawi zambiri amapezeka pambuyo pa matenda a chimfine kapena kupuma, pamene mabakiteriya kapena mavairasi amayenda mu chubu cha Eustachian ndikugwira madzi m'khutu lapakati. Zizindikiro zake ndi kupweteka kwa khutu, malungo, ndi kumva kosamveka bwino . Kutengera ndi chomwe chimayambitsa, dokotala angapereke mankhwala opha mabakiteriya. Pa matenda osatha komanso obwerezabwereza, njira yaying'ono yoyika machubu ang'onoang'ono a khutu (myringotomy tubes) ingalimbikitsidwe kuti madzi atuluke.

Kulephera kwa Tube ya Eustachian (ETD)

Machubu a Eustachian akalephera kutseguka kapena kutsekedwa bwino, amatha kutsekeka. Vutoli, lotchedwa Eustachian Tube Dysfunction (ETD) , limaletsa kupanikizika m'makutu mwanu. Mutha kumva kulira kapena kulira m'khutu, kumva movutikira, kumva kukhuta kapena kupanikizika, kapena kupweteka pang'ono . Zomwe zimayambitsa matendawa ndi chimfine, matenda a sinus, ndi ziwengo.

Khutu la Wosambira (Otitis Externa)

Matenda otchedwa "khutu losambira" omwe amadziwika kuti "khutu losambira" chifukwa cha kufala kwake mwa osambira pafupipafupi, otitis externa ndi matenda a ngalande yakunja ya khutu. Amayamba pamene chinyezi chimasungidwa m'khutu, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti mabakiteriya kapena bowa azikula bwino. Zizindikiro zake ndi monga kupweteka, kuyabwa, kufiira, komanso nthawi zina kutuluka madzi oyera kapena achikasu . Amathanso kuchitika chifukwa cha zinthu zoyambitsa mkwiyo monga hairspray, kapena misozi yaying'ono pakhungu la ngalande chifukwa choyika thonje kapena zinthu zina zakuthwa.

Chofunika Kwambiri: Musamaike thonje, ma hairpins, kapena chilichonse chakuthwa m'ngalande ya khutu lanu. Kuchita zimenezi kungakankhire sera mozama, kuvulaza khungu lofewa la ngalande, kapena kuswa khwangwala lanu la khutu.

Drum ya Eardrum Yophulika (Kuboola kwa Tympanic Membrane)

Kung'ambika kapena dzenje mu nembanemba ya tympanic kumadziwika kuti kugunda kwa khutu komwe kwaphulika . Izi zitha kuchitika chifukwa cha matenda a khutu lapakati, kusintha kwa kuthamanga kwa magazi, phokoso lalikulu kwambiri (monga kuphulika), kapena kuvulala kwakuthupi (monga kulowetsa chinthu chozama kwambiri). Zizindikiro zake ndi izi:Kupweteka kwadzidzidzi, kwakuthwa m'khutu, kumva movutikira, ndipo nthawi zina kutuluka madzi m'thupi kapena magazi. Ngakhale kuti makutu ambiri ophulika amachira okha mkati mwa milungu ingapo, ena amafunika opaleshoni yotchedwa tympanoplasty kuti athetse kung'ambikako ndikuteteza kumva kwanu.

Matenda a Otosclerosis

Otosclerosis ndi njira yolakwika yokonzanso mafupa mkati mwa khutu lapakati, makamaka yomwe imakhudza fupa laling'ono la stapes. Fupali likamamatira chifukwa cha kukula kwa mafupa ambiri, silingagwedezeke momasuka. Chifukwa chake, mafunde a phokoso sangayende bwino kupita mkati mwa khutu, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti munthu asamve bwino. Nthawi zambiri matendawa amayamba chifukwa cha cholowa, ndipo nthawi zambiri amayamba ali aang'ono. Mwamwayi, nthawi zambiri amatha kuchiritsidwa bwino ndi opaleshoni yolondola kwambiri yotchedwa stapedectomy .

Perichondritis

Perichondritis ndi matenda a minofu (perichondrium) yozungulira chigoba cha khutu lanu lakunja. Nthawi zambiri amayamba chifukwa cha kuvulala, monga kuboola khutu kwambiri, kuvulala pamasewera, kulumidwa ndi tizilombo, kapena mavuto ena pambuyo pa opaleshoni. Zizindikiro zake ndi kufiira kwambiri, kutupa, ndi kupweteka kwambiri kwa chigoba cha khutu. Chithandizo chamankhwala mwachangu ndi maantibayotiki n'chofunikira kwambiri kuti tipewe kupunduka kosatha kwa kapangidwe ka khutu lakunja.

Matenda a Vestibular Neuritis

Matenda a Vestibular neuritis amakhudza kutupa kwa mitsempha ya vestibular—mitsempha yomwe ili mkati mwa khutu lanu yomwe imayambitsa kutumiza chidziwitso chokwanira ku ubongo wanu. Matendawa nthawi zambiri amayamba chifukwa cha kachilombo ka HIV. Angayambitse mwadzidzidzi vertigo (kumva kuzunguzika), nseru, ndi kusanza , nthawi zambiri popanda kukhudza kumva kwanu. Chithandizo nthawi zambiri chimaphatikizapo mankhwala othandizira nseru ndi chizungulire, pamodzi ndi chithandizo chamankhwala kapena kukonzanso vestibular.

Matenda a Meniere

Uwu ndi matenda osatha omwe amakhudza khutu lamkati, omwe amakhulupirira kuti amayamba chifukwa cha kuchulukana kwa madzi m'thupi. Matenda a Meniere amadziwika ndi kuphulika kwadzidzidzi kwa nthawi zina. Zizindikiro zazikulu zimaphatikizapo nthawi ya chizungulire chachikulu, kulira m'makutu (tinnitus), kusinthasintha kwa kumva (makamaka pafupipafupi), komanso kumva kutsekeka kapena kudzaza khutu lomwe lakhudzidwa . Ngakhale kuti chithandizo chimayang'ana kwambiri pakuwongolera zizindikiro (monga kusintha zakudya ndi mankhwala), milandu yoopsa pamapeto pake ingafunike opaleshoni yapadera.

Kuvulala kwa Khutu

Kuvulala kwa khutu kungayambire kuvulala pang'ono ndi kusweka kwa chigoba mpaka kusweka kwa chigaza kapena kuvulala kwamphamvu. Izi zitha kuchitika mukagwa, ngozi zamagalimoto, kapena masewera olimbitsa thupi. Kutengera ndi kuopsa kwa kuwonongeka, kukonza opaleshoni kungafunike kuti muteteze kumva kwanu ndikubwezeretsa mawonekedwe a khutu kudzera mu opaleshoni yokonzanso kapena yokongoletsa.

Zotupa za m'khutu

Zotupa za m'makutu zimatha kumera mkati kapena kunja kwa ngalande ya khutu. Zitha kukhala zosavulaza (zosakhala khansa) kapena zoopsa (za khansa):

• Zotupa Zosavulaza: Izi zikuphatikizapo ma keloid (kukula kwambiri kwa minofu, nthawi zambiri chifukwa cha kuboola makutu), ma cysts a sebaceous, ma osteomas, ndi ma exostoses (mafupa omera m'ngalande ya khutu, omwe amapezeka kwambiri mwa osambira kapena osambira m'madzi ozizira). Ngakhale kuti ndi abwino, nthawi zambiri amafunika kuchotsedwa opaleshoni ngati atseka ngalande ya khutu.
• Ziphuphu Zoopsa: Khansa za pakhungu monga melanoma, basal cell carcinoma, ndi squamous cell carcinoma zimatha kufalikira pa khutu lakunja kapena mkati mwa ngalande. Dokotala wanu wa khansa adzasankha njira yabwino kwambiri yothandizira—yomwe ingaphatikizepo opaleshoni, radiation, kapena chemotherapy—kutengera mtundu, siteji, ndi komwe khansayo ili.

Zizindikiro Zodziwika Kwambiri: Kodi Muyenera Kuwona Dokotala Liti?

Ngati mukukumana ndi zizindikiro zotsatirazi, ndi bwino kufunsa dokotala kuti akuwunikireni bwino:

• Kupweteka kwa khutu kosalekeza kapena kwakuthwa.
• Zizindikiro za matenda, monga malungo kapena khutu lofiira komanso lofunda lakunja.
• Kumva kukhuta kapena kupanikizika mkati mwa khutu.
• Kutaya kumva mwadzidzidzi kapena pang'onopang'ono, kapena mawu osamveka bwino.
• Kuyabwa kwa khutu kosalekeza komanso koopsa.
• Kusanza ndi kusanza , makamaka pamene chizungulire kapena vertigo zimayamba.
• Kutuluka kwa madzi, mafinya, kapena kutuluka magazi kuchokera m'khutu.
• Kulira, kulira, kapena kufuula m'makutu mwanu (tinnitus).

Mayeso Ozindikira Matenda: Kodi Madokotala Amayesa Bwanji Makutu Anu?

Ngati mupita kwa katswiri wa za makutu kapena katswiri wa za ENT, akhoza kuchita chimodzi kapena zingapo mwa izi kuti aone momwe mumamvera komanso momwe mumamvera:

• Pure-Tone Audiometry: Iyi ndi njira yoyezera kumva yomwe mumavala mahedifoni ndikumvetsera mawu osiyanasiyana pamitundu yosiyanasiyana. Mudzapemphedwa kukanikiza batani kapena kukweza dzanja lanu mukamva phokoso, zomwe zimathandiza dokotala kupeza malire anu omveka bwino.
• Kuyeza Khutu la Pakati (Tympanometry): Mayeso awa amawunika momwe khwangwala lanu la khutu limayendera komanso kuwona kuthamanga kwa magazi mkati mwa khutu lanu lapakati. Angathandize kuzindikira kuchuluka kwa madzi m'thupi, kubowoka kwa khwangwala, kapena mavuto ndi ma ossicles.
• Kuyesa Kuzindikira Kulankhula: Izi zimawunika momwe mungamvere ndikumvetsetsa mawu olankhulidwa pamlingo wosiyanasiyana, makamaka m'malo aphokoso.
• Kuyankha kwa Ubongo wa Makutu (ABR): Pa nthawi yoyeserayi yosavulaza, masensa ang'onoang'ono (ma electrode) amaikidwa pamutu panu ndi kumbuyo kwa makutu anu. Kudina kotsatizana kumaseweredwa kudzera m'mahedifoni, ndipo chipangizocho chimayesa momwe mitsempha yanu yomvera ndi njira za ubongo zimayankhira phokosoli. Izi ndizothandiza kwambiri kwa makanda ndi ana aang'ono.
• Utsi wa Otoacoustic (OAEs): Kuyesa kumeneku kumayesa momwe maselo a tsitsi ang'onoang'ono omwe ali mu cochlea yanu amagwirira ntchito. Phokoso likalowa mkati mwa khutu lathanzi, cochlea imapanga mawu omveka bwino kwambiri (emission) omwe angayesedwe ndi maikolofoni yaying'ono, yomvera yomwe imayikidwa mu ngalande ya khutu lanu. Nthawi zambiri imagwiritsidwa ntchito poyesa makanda obadwa kumene kuti awone ngati ali ndi vuto la kumva.

Momwe Mungatetezere Kumva Kwanu: Malangizo Ofunika Odzisamalira

Kuti makutu anu akhale athanzi komanso kuti mumve bwino m'moyo wanu wonse, tsatirani malangizo osavuta komanso ogwira mtima awa:

• Sungani Makutu Anu Ouma: Umitsani makutu anu pang'onopang'ono mukatha kusambira kapena kusamba. Ngati mukusambira pafupipafupi, ganizirani kugwiritsa ntchito zotchingira makutu kuti madzi asatseke mu ngalande ya makutu anu.
• Siyani Kugwiritsa Ntchito Thonje Lopopera (Malangizo Othandizira): Makutu anu amadziyeretsa okha. Kuyika ma swab kumangokankhira phula la m'khutu mozama, zomwe zingayambitse kutsekeka kapena kuboola phula lanu la m'khutu. Ngati muli ndi vuto la phula la m'khutu, lolani katswiri wa zaumoyo kuti alitsuke bwino.
• Valani Chipewa Choteteza Mutu: Nthawi zonse valani chisoti kapena zoteteza makutu mukamachita masewera olimbitsa thupi kapena zochitika zomwe zingakupangitseni kuvulala mutu ndi makutu.
• Chepetsani Voliyumu: Mukagwiritsa ntchito mahedifoni kapena mahedifoni, sungani voliyumuyo pamlingo woyenera (osakwana 60% ya voliyumu yonse). Kumvera nyimbo zokweza nthawi zonse ndi chifukwa chachikulu chomwe chimayambitsa kutayika kwa kumva chifukwa cha phokoso.
• Gwiritsani Ntchito Chitetezo cha Makutu M'malo Okhala ndi Phokoso:Ngati mumagwira ntchito pamalo aphokoso (monga zomangamanga kapena kupanga) kapena mumapezeka pazochitika zokweza (monga makonsati), valani zotchingira makutu kapena zotchingira makutu zoletsa phokoso.
• Konzani Mayeso Omwe Mumamva Nthawi Zonse: Onetsetsani kuti mukumvetsera ndi katswiri chaka chilichonse, kapena mwamsanga ngati muwona kusintha kulikonse pa momwe mumamvera.

Uthenga Wopita Nawo Kunyumba

Makutu anu ndi ziwalo zovuta kwambiri, zogwira ntchito mwakhama. Ndi zofunika kwambiri osati kuti muzitha kulumikizana ndi dziko lapansi kudzera mu mawu okha komanso kuti mukhale olimba thupi. Kuwateteza ku kuwonongeka ndi chimodzi mwa zinthu zofunika kwambiri zomwe mungachite kuti mukhale ndi moyo wabwino.

Ngati mukukumana ndi zizindikiro zilizonse zovutitsa monga kupweteka m'khutu, kulira kosalekeza (tinnitus), kutaya kumva mwadzidzidzi, kapena chizungulire, chonde musanyalanyaze. Konzani nthawi yokumana ndi dokotala nthawi yomweyo. Angathe kuzindikira chomwe chimayambitsa vutoli ndikukupatsani chithandizo choyenera. Kumbukirani, kumva kwanu sikungasinthidwe - samalirani makutu anu lero!