Tiyeni tiphunzire zambiri za 'chimfine' (fuluwenza) chomwe aliyense amadwala, sichoncho?

Kotero, matenda omwe akukambidwa kulikonse masiku ano, ndipo mwina inunso mwachira, kapena mwina mwawonapo wina m'banja mwanu akudwala ndikudwala, amatchedwa 'chimfine'. Anthu ena amatchanso 'chimfine cha kachilombo'. Lero, tiyeni tikambirane za ' chimfine ' mwachidule. Tiona zinthu zambiri monga chomwe chili, chifukwa chake chimachitika, momwe mungapewere, ndi zomwe mungachite ngati mutachipeza.

Kodi chimfine ndi chiyani kwenikweni?

Mwachidule, chimfine ndi matenda omwe amayamba chifukwa cha kachilombo kotchedwa chimfine. Mukachipeza, mungakhale ndi zizindikiro monga mutu, kupweteka kwa thupi, kupweteka pakhosi, ndi malungo, ndipo nthawi zina izi zimakhala zoopsa kwambiri. Chimfinechi chimapezeka kwambiri nthawi yozizira. Nthawi zina, chimakhudza anthu ambiri nthawi imodzi, ndipo timachitcha kuti mliri.

Kodi chimfine chimafala kwambiri nthawi yanji pachaka?

M'maiko akumpoto kwa dziko lapansi, monga United States, nyengo ya chimfine imaonedwa kuti ndi kuyambira Okutobala mpaka Meyi. Komabe, pachimake cha matendawa, zomwe zikutanthauza kuti anthu ambiri amadwala, nthawi zambiri chimakhala pakati pa Disembala ndi Febuluwale. Ku Sri Lanka, mtundu uwu wa chimfine cha mavairasi nthawi zambiri umapezeka nthawi yozizira komanso yamvula.

Kodi chimfine ndi chofala bwanji?

Ndipotu, chimfine ndi matenda opatsirana ofala kwambiri. Tangoganizirani, m'dziko ngati America, anthu pakati pa 20 ndi 40 miliyoni amadwala matendawa nthawi iliyonse ya chimfine. Ndiye mutha kuganiza momwe izi zimafalikira mofulumira.

Kodi kusiyana pakati pa chimfine ndi chimfine n'chiyani?

Funso limene anthu ambiri ali nalo ndi ili. Chimfine ndi chimfine zimatha kukhala ndi zizindikiro zofanana, monga mphuno yotuluka madzi ndi chifuwa. Komabe , zizindikiro za chimfine nthawi zambiri sizimakhala zazikulu kwambiri, pomwe zizindikiro za chimfine zimatha kukhala zoopsa ndipo nthawi zina zimayambitsa mavuto oopsa. Kumbukirani, matenda awiriwa amayamba chifukwa cha mitundu iwiri yosiyana ya mavairasi.

Kodi ndingadziwe bwanji ngati ndili ndi chimfine kapena COVID-19?

Funso ili ndi lofunika kwambiri, chifukwa zizindikiro za zonsezi zimafanana kwambiri. Chifukwa chake, kuti mudziwe ngati muli ndi chimfine kapena COVID-19, muyenera kuyezetsa. Pali chiopsezo chokhala ndi matenda oopsa ndi matenda onsewa. Koma chifukwa matenda awiriwa amayamba ndi mitundu iwiri yosiyana ya mavairasi, madokotala amawachiza ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya mankhwala.

Ndani ali pachiwopsezo chachikulu cha mavuto ochokera ku chimfine?

Anthu ena amatha kudwala chimfine kwambiri. Izi zikutanthauza kuti akhoza kukhala ndi mavuto omwe angawononge moyo wawo ndipo angafunike kupita kuchipatala. Ngati muli ndi vuto lililonse mwa zotsatirazi, muli pachiwopsezo chachikulu chodwala kwambiri chifukwa cha chimfine:

• Kwa inuNgati muli ndi matenda aakulu a m'mapapo monga mphumu kapena COPD (Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease).
• Ngati kale munali ndi matenda a impso, chiwindi, mitsempha , mtima, kapena mitsempha yamagazi (monga sitiroko).
• Ngati muli ndi vuto lomwe limakhudza kugwira ntchito kwa minofu kapena limakupangitsani kukhala kovuta kutsokomola, kumeza, kapena kuchotsa mamina m'mapapo.
• Ngati muli ndi matenda a shuga (Diabetes Mellitus) .
• Ngati chitetezo chanu cha mthupi chafooka (monga chifukwa cha HIV/AIDS, khansa, kapena kumwa mankhwala oletsa chitetezo cha mthupi).
• Ngati muli ndi matenda okhudzana ndi magazi , mwachitsanzo, matenda a sickle cell.
• Ngati index yanu ya kulemera kwa thupi (BMI) ili pamwamba pa 30 (zomwe zikutanthauza kuti ndinu wonenepa kwambiri).
• Ngati ndinu mwana wosakwana zaka 5 , kapena ngati muli ndi zaka zoposa 65 .
• Ngati ndinu mayi woyembekezera .
• Ngati muli ndi zaka zosakwana 19 ndipo mumamwa aspirin nthawi zonse.
• Ngati mukukhala m'malo osamalira odwala kwa nthawi yayitali.

Ndikofunikira kwambiri kuti anthu omwe ali m'magulu oopsa awa, makamaka omwe ali ndi zizindikiro za chimfine, apemphe upangiri kwa dokotala akangoyamba zizindikiro.

Kodi zizindikiro za chimfine ndi ziti?

Zizindikiro za chimfine nthawi zambiri zimabwera mwadzidzidzi. Mungakhale ndi zina kapena zonsezi:

• Malungo
• Kuzizira
• Kupweteka kwa thupi
• Chifuwa
• Mutu
• Chikhure
• Mphuno yotuluka madzi kapena mphuno yodzaza
• Kumva kutopa komanso wopanda moyo
• Kutsegula m'mimba kapena kusanza (izi nthawi zambiri zimawoneka mwa ana aang'ono)

Kodi chimfine chimayambitsa chiyani?

Monga tanenera kale, chimfine chimayambitsidwa ndi kachilombo kotchedwa chimfine. Mitundu yomwe imayambitsa matenda ambiri ndi chimfine A, B, ndi C. Mwa izi, mitundu iwiri, chimfine A ndi B, ndi ya nyengo (monga nthawi zambiri nthawi yozizira), ndipo zizindikiro zake sizimakula kwambiri. Chimfine C sichimayambitsa zizindikiro zoopsa kwambiri, ndipo sichimayambitsa nyengo - chimanenedwa m'matenda omwewo chaka chonse.

H1N1 (yomwe imatchedwanso "nkhumba ya nkhumba") ndi nkhumba ya mbalame, zomwe tamva, ndi mitundu ya kachilombo ka fuluwenza A.

Kodi chimfine chimapatsirana?

Inde, chimfine ndi matenda opatsirana. Nthawi zambiri, munthu amene ali ndi chimfine amatha kupatsira munthu m'modzi kapena awiri.

Kodi chimfine chimafalikira bwanji?

Kachilombo ka chimfine kamafalikira kudzera mu kukhudzana mwachindunji kapena mwanjira ina ndi munthu amene ali ndi kachilomboka. Nazi njira zazikulu zomwe chimfine chingafalitsidwire:

• Munthu wodwala akatsokomola, kuyetsemula, kapena kulankhula, madontho amatha kugwa m'manja mwanu kapena kupumidwa mwachindunji m'mphuno kapena pakamwa panu. Kuchokera pamenepo, kachilomboka kakhoza kupita ku mapapo anu.
• Mwa kukhudza malo omwe ali ndi kachilombo kenako nkukhudza nkhope yanu, mphuno, pakamwa, kapena maso. Mwachitsanzo, zogwirira zitseko, madesiki, makompyuta, ndi mafoni.
• Mwa kukhudza manja kapena nkhope ya munthu amene ali ndi chimfine kenako n’kukhudza nkhope yanu, mphuno, pakamwa, kapena maso anu.

Kodi zimatenga nthawi yayitali bwanji kuti kachilomboka kalowe m'thupi ndikuyamba kuyambitsa zizindikiro?

Ngati muli ndi kachilomboka, zizindikiro zimayamba kuonekera mkati mwa masiku amodzi kapena anayi (nthawi yoyamwitsa).

Kodi chimfine chimapezeka bwanji?

Dokotala adzakufunsani za zizindikiro zanu ndipo adzayesa chitsanzo cha mamina ochokera m'mphuno mwanu kuti atsimikizire kuti muli ndi chimfine. Adzayika swab yofewa, yokhala ndi thonje (swab) m'mphuno mwanu kuti aone ngati muli ndi kachilombo ka chimfine. Mayeso ena angakupatseni zotsatira mumphindi zochepa, kapena nthawi zina chitsanzocho chingatumizidwe ku labu ndipo zotsatira zake zitha kulandiridwa patatha tsiku limodzi kapena awiri.

Kodi chimfine chimachiritsidwa bwanji?

Nthawi zina, madokotala angapereke mankhwala oletsa mavairasi a chimfine. Mankhwalawa angathandize kuchepetsa chiopsezo chanu chodwala kwambiri ndikuchepetsa nthawi yomwe mukudwala. Komabe, anthu ambiri amatha kuchira chimfine popanda mankhwala awa. Madokotala amapereka mankhwala oletsa mavairasi awa m'mikhalidwe iyi:

• Ngati zizindikiro zapezeka kwa maola osakwana 48, mphamvu ya mankhwalawa ingachepe ngati zizindikiro zapezeka kwa masiku opitilira awiri. Izi zili choncho chifukwa panthawiyo kachilomboka kamakhala katafalikira kwambiri m'thupi ndipo thupi layamba kulimbana nako ndi ma antibodies.
• Ngati muli ndi vuto lina la matenda, kapena ngati muli pachiwopsezo chotenga matenda aakulu, dokotala wanu angakupatseni mankhwala awa ngakhale patatha maola opitilira 48 kuchokera pamene zizindikiro zanu zinayamba.
• Ngati zizindikirozo ndi zazikulu kwambiri , mankhwala angaperekedwe ngakhale matendawa atakhala masiku opitilira awiri.
• Palibe vuto ngati mukukhala kapena kusamalira anthu omwe angakhale ndi mavuto aakulu chifukwa cha chimfine.

Kodi mankhwala a chimfine ndi ati?

Nazi mankhwala ena oletsa mavairasi a chimfine:

• Oseltamivir phosphate (dzina lodziwika bwino la Tamiflu®). Izi zimatengedwa pakamwa ngati piritsi kapena madzi. Nthawi zambiri zimatengedwa kwa masiku angapo.
• Zanamivir (dzina lodziwika bwino la Relenza®). Mankhwalawa amapumidwa kudzera pakamwa pogwiritsa ntchito inhaler. Amafunikanso kumwedwa kwa masiku angapo. Sikoyenera kwa anthu omwe ali ndi mavuto opuma monga mphumu kapena COPD.
• Peramivir (dzina lodziwika bwino la Rapivap®). Uwu ndi mankhwala omwe dokotala amapatsa mwachindunji m'mitsempha (IV) ndipo nthawi zambiri amapatsa munthu mlingo umodzi.
• Baloxavir marboxil (dzina lodziwika bwino la Xofluza®). Imwanso pakamwa ngati piritsi kapena madzi. Imwani ngati mlingo umodzi. Sikoyenera kwa amayi apakati, amayi oyamwitsa, odwala m'chipatala, ndi anthu omwe ali ndi matenda ena.

Ngati muli ndi matenda ena aliwonse, muyenera kuuza dokotala wanu musanayambe kumwa mankhwala oletsa mavairasi ngati awa.

Zotsatirapo zoyipa za chithandizo

Mankhwala aliwonse oletsa mavairasi amatha kukhala ndi zotsatirapo zosiyanasiyana. Komabe, zomwe zimapezeka kwambiri ndi nseru ndi kutsegula m'mimba. Mankhwala opumira nthawi zina angayambitse bronchospasm.

Kodi mungatani kuti muchepetse zizindikiro za chimfine kunyumba?

Anthu ambiri amatha kuthana ndi zizindikiro za chimfine kunyumba. Mankhwala operekedwa ndi dokotala (OTC) ndi mankhwala ena angathandize:

• Pumulani bwino momwe mungathere.
• Imwani madzi ambiri, monga madzi ndi supu. Izi zingathandize kupewa kutaya madzi m'thupi.
• Kupaka thumba la madzi otentha m'thupi kungathandize kuchepetsa ululu.
• Mungathe kumwa mankhwala ochepetsa ululu monga acetaminophen (monga Tylenol®) kapena NSAIDs (monga Advil®, Motrin®, Aleve®) kuti muchepetse malungo, mutu, ndi kupweteka kwa thupi.
• Pa mphuno yodzaza kapena mphuno yotuluka madzi, mungagwiritse ntchito mankhwala opopera m'mphuno kapena mankhwala oletsa kutsekeka kwa m'mphuno, monga phenylephrine kapena pseudoephedrine .
• Kuti muchepetse chifuwa chobwerezabwereza, mutha kumwa mankhwala oletsa kutupa monga dextromethorphan .
• Mankhwala otulutsa mpweya m'mapapo, monga guaifenesin , amathandiza kumasula mamina m'mapapo.

Si mankhwala onse a OTC omwe amagwira ntchito kwa aliyense, choncho ndi bwino kufunsa dokotala musanagwiritse ntchito. Komanso, onetsetsani kuti mwayang'ana ngati mankhwala ena ndi otetezeka kumwa limodzi kapena ndi mankhwala ena owonjezera omwe mukumwa. Musapatse ana osakwana zaka 16 aspirin pokhapokha ngati dokotala wakuuzani.

Kodi mungapewe bwanji kudwala chimfine?

Njira yabwino yochepetsera chiopsezo chotenga chimfine ndikutenga katemera wa chimfine chaka chilichonse.Izi zitha kuperekedwa ngati jakisoni kapena ngati mankhwala opopera m'mphuno. Ndikofunikira kulandira katemera chaka chilichonse chifukwa kachilombo ka chimfine kangasinthe.

Nazi njira zina zochepetsera chiopsezo chanu chotenga chimfine:

• Sambani m'manja mwanu bwino ndi sopo ndi madzi nthawi zonse. Ngati sopo ndi madzi sizikupezeka, gwiritsani ntchito mankhwala oyeretsera m'manja okhala ndi mowa .
• Phimbani mphuno ndi pakamwa panu mukamatsokomola kapena kuyetsemula. Ndi bwino kutsokomola/kuyetsemula m'chigongono kapena mu minofu kusiyana ndi m'dzanja lanu.
• Pewani kukhala pafupi ndi anthu ena ngati inu kapena wina ali ndi matenda opatsirana, monga chimfine. Ngati mukudwala ndipo muyenera kukhala pafupi ndi anthu ena, valani chigoba.
• Pewani kukhudza nkhope yanu, maso, mphuno, ndi pakamwa.
• Musagawire chakudya, zakumwa, kapena ziwiya (masupuni, mafoloko, makapu) ndi ena.

Kodi chimachitika ndi chiyani ndikadwala chimfine? Zimatenga nthawi yayitali bwanji kuti ndichire?

Anthu ambiri amatha kuthana ndi zizindikiro za chimfine kunyumba ndikuchira mkati mwa masiku ochepa kapena sabata imodzi. Komabe, zitha kukhala zoopsa, choncho ndikofunikira kuyang'anira zizindikiro zanu ndikupempha upangiri wa dokotala ngati pakufunika kutero. Izi ndizofunikira makamaka ngati muli ndi matenda ena omwe amabwera chifukwa cha chimfine.

Ngati muli ndi chimfine, muyenera kupewa kucheza ndi anthu ena pokhapokha ngati mukufuna thandizo la dokotala.

Kodi chimfine chimatenga nthawi yayitali bwanji?

Chimfine chingatenge masiku angapo mpaka milungu iwiri. Zizindikiro monga malungo ndi kupweteka kwa thupi zimabwera mwadzidzidzi, koma zimatha mofulumira kuposa zizindikiro zina. Chifuwa kapena mphuno yotuluka madzi ingakhalepo kwa kanthawi.

Kodi chimfine chimafalikira kwa nthawi yayitali bwanji?

Mungathe kufalitsa chimfine kuyambira tsiku limodzi musanayambe kukhala ndi zizindikiro mpaka pafupifupi sabata imodzi mutayamba kukhala ndi zizindikiro. Chimafalikira kwambiri masiku atatu kapena anayi oyambirira zizindikiro zitayamba. Anthu omwe ali ndi chitetezo chamthupi chofooka komanso ana aang'ono amatha kufalitsa matendawa msanga.

Kodi ndingabwerere liti kuntchito/kusukulu?

Kuti mupewe kufalitsa chimfine kwa ena, muyenera kudikira maola osachepera 24 mutatha kuchira malungo (popanda kumwa mankhwala ochepetsa malungo) musanabwerere kuntchito kapena kusukulu. Malo anu antchito kapena kusukulu kwanu akhoza kukhala ndi malamulo osiyana.

Mavuto a chimfine

Kachilombo ka chimfine kangayambitse mavuto, kapena kangathe kufooketsa chitetezo cha mthupi lanu ndikulola mabakiteriya kufalikira m'mbali zosiyanasiyana za thupi lanu (matenda achiwiri). Mavuto otere ndi matenda achiwiri ndi awa:

• Matenda a m'khutu
• Matenda a m'mphuno
• Chibayo, matenda oopsa a m'mapapo. Chibayo chingayambitse matenda oopsa monga Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS).
• Kutaya mimba/kuchotsa mimba.
• Matenda a neural tube defects (NTDs) amapezeka mwa mwana amene akukula m'mimba mwa mayi wapakati.

Pa nthawi ya mliri wa chimfine wamba m'dziko ngati United States, akuti anthu pakati pa 20,000 ndi 50,000 amafa ndi chimfine chaka chilichonse. Anthu ena 300,000 mpaka 500,000 amadwala kwambiri ndipo amafunika kugonekedwa m'chipatala.

Kodi muyenera kupita kwa dokotala liti?

Ngati mukuganiza kuti muli ndi chimfine, ndikofunikira kuyezetsa msanga. Kenako, ngati dokotala wanu akukupatsani mankhwala oletsa mavairasi, adzakhala othandiza kwambiri. Pitani kwa dokotala nthawi yomweyo ngati:

• Ngati muli ndi zizindikiro za chimfine ndipo muli ndi vuto lina lachipatala lomwe limakuikani pachiwopsezo chachikulu chodwala kwambiri .
• Ngati zizindikiro sizikuyenda bwino patatha masiku asanu ndi awiri mpaka khumi, kapena ngati malungo akupitirira kwa masiku opitilira atatu.
• Ngati ndinu mayi woyembekezera ndipo muli ndi malungo kapena zizindikiro zina za chimfine .

Kodi muyenera kupita ku Emergency Treatment Unit (ETU) liti?

Ngati muli ndi zizindikiro za matenda aakulu, muyenera kupita kuchipatala mwamsanga kapena kukaonana ndi dokotala nthawi yomweyo. Zizindikiro zimenezi ndi izi:

• Malungo aakulu (oposa 103 Fahrenheit/40 Celsius).
• Kuvuta kupuma.
• Palibe kapena mkodzo wotuluka pang'ono kwambiri.
• Kupweteka pachifuwa kapena m'mimba (m'mimba) komwe sikumatha.
• Chizungulire chosalekeza.
• Chisokonezo.
• Kupweteka kwambiri kwa minofu kapena kufooka.
• Kugwidwa ndi khunyu.
• Mtundu wabuluu wa khungu, milomo, kapena misomali ( cyanosis - izi zikutanthauza kuti pali mpweya wochepa m'magazi kapena minofu yanu).
• Malungo kapena chifuwa chimachepa, kenako chimakulanso.
• Kuwonjezeka kwa matenda ena osatha.

Ndi mafunso ati omwe muyenera kufunsa dokotala wanu?

• Kodi ndimamwa bwanji mankhwala awa?
• Ndi mitundu iti ya mankhwala ogulitsidwa kunja kwa sitolo (OTC) omwe ndingagule ku pharmacy?
• Kodi ndingathe bwanji kuthana ndi zizindikiro zanga kunyumba?
• Ndi zizindikiro ziti zoopsa zomwe ndiyenera kuda nkhawa nazo?
• Kodi ndiyenera kupita ku chipinda chadzidzidzi liti?
• Ndiyenera kukuonaninso liti?
• Kodi zinditengera nthawi yayitali bwanji kuti ndichire?

Kodi chimfine cha m'mimba ndi chimodzimodzi ndi chimfine?

Ayi. Matenda a m'mimba otchedwa gastroenteritis, omwe amadziwika kuti chimfine cha m'mimba, sayambitsidwa ndi kachilombo ka chimfine. Ndi matenda ena omwe alibe chochita ndi chimfine cha nyengo.

Pomaliza, zinthu zomwe muyenera kukumbukira

Ngakhale kuti chimfine ndi matenda ofala kwambiri, ndikofunikira kukumbukira kuti chingayambitse mavuto omwe angawononge moyo. Kulandira jakisoni wa chimfine ndiyo njira yabwino kwambiri yodzitetezera ku matenda komanso kuteteza okondedwa anu ndi anansi anu.Ngati muli ndi matenda ena kapena muli ndi pakati, lankhulani ndi dokotala wanu za njira zochepetsera chiopsezo chanu chotenga chimfine. Kutenga chimfine sikosangalatsa, koma kwa anthu ambiri, ndi vuto lomwe lingachiritsidwe ndi filimu yabwino komanso mbale ya supu ya nkhuku. Komabe, ndikofunikira kufunafuna upangiri wa dokotala ngati pakufunika kutero.