Matenda a Alzheimer: Wakuba kukumbukira 🧠😥

Madzulo amenewo, pamene ndinali pafupi kutseka laputopu yanga nditasintha kanema watsopano wa njira yanga ya pa YouTube ya Healthy Lanka, bwenzi lapamtima la mchimwene wanga, Gayan, anabwera kuchipatala chathu. Anali ndi nkhope yachisoni komanso yokhumudwa kwambiri.

"Adokotala, ndili ndi vuto lalikulu ndi amayi anga," Gyan anayamba nkhani yake mopumira. "Amayi anga akuiwala zomwe ndangonena kumene. Sakukumbukira komwe ali kapena komwe akufuna kupita. Sakudziwa ngakhale tsiku lomwe likubwera. Sikuti dokotala yekha, tsopano akulavula malovu paliponse ndipo ndi wodetsedwa kwambiri. Amabisa ndalama ndi golide wawo m'malo osiyanasiyana m'nyumba kenako amatiimba mlandu chifukwa chowaba. Mkazi wanga ndi ana anga nthawi zonse amakhala ndi mavuto chifukwa cha izi. Sindingathe kuganiza chifukwa chake amayi anga amphamvu, omwe ankasamalira bizinesi yonse ya banja, mwadzidzidzi anakhala chonchi. Izi ndi zopweteka kwambiri m'maganizo mwanga, dokotala."

Ngakhale kuti makhalidwe amenewa anali atsopano kwa Gayan, monga dokotala, zizindikiro zimenezi zinali zodziwika bwino kwa ine. Ndinati kwa Gayan, "Gyan, amayi ako sakuvutika ndi kuiwala komwe kumachitika chifukwa cha ukalamba. Izi zimadziwika kuti Matenda a Alzheimer's . Chifukwa chake lero, tiyeni tikambirane za matenda a Alzheimer's omwe amalepheretsa kukumbukira, zizindikiro zake, komanso momwe tingasamalire banja ndi wodwalayo."

Kodi matenda a Alzheimer ndi chiyani?

Matenda a Alzheimer ndi matenda a muubongo omwe amapitirira pang'onopang'ono omwe amasintha kwathunthu kukumbukira, kuganiza, ndi khalidwe pamene maselo athu a muubongo amafa pang'onopang'ono.

Ichi ndiye chifukwa chachikulu cha 60% mpaka 80% ya milandu ya dementia , yomwe ndi vuto lalikulu la maganizo lomwe limachitika munthu akamakalamba. Matendawa nthawi zambiri amapezeka kwambiri pakati pa akuluakulu azaka zopitilira 65.

Zizindikiro za Alzheimer's

Nazi zizindikiro zazikulu zomwe zimathandiza kuzindikira matenda a Alzheimer mwa munthu wamkulu:

1. Kuvuta kuchita ntchito za tsiku ndi tsiku: Ngakhale ntchito zosavuta monga kuphika tiyi, kubanki, kapena kuyimba foni zomwe zinkachitika bwino zimaiwalika pang'onopang'ono.
2. Kuvuta kuthetsa mavuto ndi kupanga zisankho: Kulephera kuganiza njira yoyenera ngakhale pa mavuto osavuta omwe amabuka tsiku ndi tsiku.
3. Kuvuta kulankhula: Kusakumbukira mawu oyenera polankhula, kufunsa funso lomwelo mobwerezabwereza, kapena kusagwirizanitsa chiyambi, pakati, ndi mapeto a zomwe zanenedwa.
4. Kusintha kwa umunthu ndi khalidwe: kukwiya msanga popanda chifukwa, kukayikira, kuyesa kudzipatula ku banja.
5. Khalidwe loipa ndi kusokonezeka maganizo: kulavulira malovu paliponse, kukana kusamba kapena kuyeretsa, kubisa zinthu ndi kuimba mlandu ena.

Chifukwa chiyani matenda a Alzheimer amakula? (Zoyambitsa ndi Zoopsa)

Ngakhale sayansi ya zamankhwala sinapezebe chomwe chimayambitsa matenda a Alzheimer's, zinthu zingapo zazikulu zomwe zimayambitsa matendawa zapezeka:

• Zaka: Chiwopsezo chotenga matendawa chimawonjezeka kawiri pa zaka 5 zilizonse mutakwanitsa zaka 65.
• Mbiri ya banja ndi majini: Ngati kholo kapena m'bale wanu ali ndi matenda a Alzheimer's, chiopsezo chotenga matendawa chimawonjezeka. Makamaka, kupezeka kwa jini ya APOE-e4 kumawonjezera chiopsezo cha matendawa.
• Mapuloteni omwe amapezeka muubongo: Maselo a muubongo amawonongeka ndi mapuloteni osadziwika bwino otchedwa amyloid ndi tau ozungulira maselo a muubongo, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti pakhale ma plaque ndi ma tangles.
• Thanzi la mtima ndi moyo: Matenda monga kusuta fodya, kusachita masewera olimbitsa thupi, kuthamanga kwa magazi, matenda a shuga, ndi kuvutika maganizo zimakhudza thanzi la maselo a muubongo.

Kodi matenda a Alzheimer's amapezedwa bwanji?

Dokotala amatha kuzindikira matendawa kudzera mu mayeso azachipatala ndi mafunso apadera omwe amayesa kukumbukira. Mayeso a MRI kapena CT Scan amachitidwanso kuti azindikire ndikuchotsa matenda ena a muubongo (monga khansa kapena sitiroko).

Kodi pali mankhwala a matenda a Alzheimer's?

Pakadali pano, palibe mankhwala enieni omwe angachiritse matenda a Alzheimer's kwathunthu, koma mankhwala amagwiritsidwa ntchito poletsa zizindikiro ndikuchepetsa kukula kwa matendawa.

• Mankhwala Ochiza Matenda: Madokotala amalimbikitsa mankhwala monga Donepezil ndi Rivastigmine kuti athandize kulankhulana bwino mu ubongo kumayambiriro kwa matendawa, ndi mankhwala monga Memantine omwe ali pakati komanso ovuta. Mankhwala amakono monga Aducanumab , omwe amathandiza kuchotsa mapuloteni a amyloid mu ubongo, akuyesedwanso padziko lonse lapansi.
• Chisamaliro Chothandizira: Chithandizo cha Kulankhula chimathandiza kuti munthu azitha kulankhulana bwino, ndipo Chithandizo cha Kuthupi chimathandiza kuti wodwalayo azitha kuyenda yekha.

Magawo akuluakulu a matenda a Alzheimer's

• Gawo Loyamba: Kuiwala pang'ono, kulankhula molakwika, komanso kuchedwa pang'ono pa ntchito za tsiku ndi tsiku.
• Gawo Loyenera: Kuiwala komwe uli, kufunikira thandizo la wina kuti uvale ndi kudziyeretsa, komanso kusintha kwakukulu kwa khalidwe.
• Gawo Lomaliza: Kulephera kuzindikira ngakhale omwe ali pafupi nawo, kutaya kwathunthu luso lolankhula, komanso kudalira munthu wina 100%.

Kuteteza thanzi la maganizo la achibale omwe akusamalira wodwalayo

Kusamalira munthu amene ali ndi matenda a Alzheimer ndi ntchito yotopetsa komanso yotopetsa maganizo. Izi zimadziwika m'mawu azachipatala kuti kutopa ndi wosamalira .

Pofuna kuteteza thanzi la maganizo la anthu a m'banja omwe ali ndi thanzi labwino, udindo wosamalira wodwalayo uyenera kugawidwa pakati pa anthu onse a m'banjamo. Ngati pakufunika kutero, chisankho chingapangidwe pokambirana ndi dokotala pankhani yopempha thandizo kwa wosamalira wodwalayo wophunzitsidwa bwino kapena kupempha thandizo ku malo osamalira odwala omwe amasamalira odwala.

🚨 Zizindikiro zazikulu zomwe zimafuna chithandizo chamankhwala mwachangu (Red Flags)

Mukamasamalira munthu amene ali ndi matenda a Alzheimer's, dziwani za zochitika zadzidzidzi zotsatirazi:

• Kusokonezeka maganizo: Wodwala mwadzidzidzi amakwiya kwambiri, kufuula, kapena kusokonezeka kuposa masiku onse (izi nthawi zambiri zimachitika chifukwa cha matenda a mkodzo (UTI) mwa akuluakulu).
• Khalidwe lankhanza ndi chiwawa: Ngati wodwalayo akuyesera kudzivulaza kapena kuvulaza anthu omwe ali pafupi naye.
• Kuvuta kumeza (Dysphagia): Kutsokomola chakudya kapena malovu omwe amamatira pakhosi (pali chiopsezo chakuti chakudya chilowe m'mapapo ndikuyambitsa chibayo cha aspiration).
• Kuyendayenda: Ngati wodwalayo wachoka panyumba n’kusochera ndipo sangapeze njira yoti apite.

Zoyenera kuchita ndi zosayenera kuchita

Magwero asayansi (Maumboni)

• 📚 Matenda a Alzheimer's - NHS
• 📚 Memantine, Donepezil, kapena Combination Therapy—Kodi chithandizo chabwino kwambiri cha matenda a Alzheimer ndi chiyani? Kusanthula kwa Network Meta-Analysis - PMC