Kodi mumadzukanso mukupuma movutikira? Ndiye muyenera kudziwa za AHI (Apnea-Hypopnea Index)!

Kodi mukudziwa kuti anthu ena nthawi zambiri amavutika kupuma akamagona usiku? Mwina inunso mwavutika. Kapena mwina winawake amene mumamudziwa wavutika. Kugona, kumva ngati simungathe kupuma kwakanthawi, kapena kudzuka mwadzidzidzi chifukwa chovutika kupuma zonse zitha kukhala zifukwa za izi. Lero tikambirana za muyeso wofunikira womwe umathandiza kudziwa ngati muli ndi mavuto otere opuma mukagona, makamaka matenda monga Obstructive Sleep Apnea , ndipo ngati ndi choncho, ndi oopsa bwanji. Umenewo ndi AHI, womwe umayimira (Apnea-Hypopnea Index) .

Kodi AHI (Apnea-Hypopnea Index) ndi chiyani? Mwachidule...

Mwachidule, AHI (Apnea-Hypopnea Index) ndi muyeso wa kangati pa ola lomwe kupuma kwanu kumasiya (apnea) ndipo kumakhala kochepa (hypopnea) mukamagona. Umu ndi momwe madokotala amaonera ngati muli ndi vuto lotchedwa Obstructive Sleep Apnea, ndipo ngati ndi choncho, kodi ndi loopsa bwanji.

Kodi Apnea ndi Hypopnea ndi chiyani?

Tsopano mwina mukudabwa kuti matenda a apnea ndi hypopnea ndi chiyani. Tiyeni tikambirane za izi momveka bwino.

• Apnea: Apa ndi pamene mumasiya kupuma kwathunthu. Apnea ndi pamene mumasiya kupuma kwa masekondi 10 kapena kuposerapo pamene mukugona. Panthawiyi, mpweya womwe umalowa m'thupi lanu umachepa. Zimakhala ngati mpweya wanu ukugwiridwa kwa kanthawi.

• Hypopnea: Apa ndi pamene mpweya wanu sunatsekedwe kwathunthu, koma mpweya wanu umachepa kwambiri chifukwa cha kutsekeka kwina. Pankhaniyi, simukupuma mokwanira, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti mpweya m'magazi mwanu utsike. Taganizirani ngati chitoliro chamadzi chomwe chatsekeka pang'ono, chomwe chimachepetsa kuchuluka kwa madzi omwe amatuluka.

Tsopano mwina mukuganiza kuti, "Ndiye chimachitika ndi chiyani mukasiya kupuma motere?" Ubongo wathu ndi wanzeru kwambiri. Umayang'anira nthawi zonse momwe thupi lathu lilili, monga kugunda kwa mtima, kuthamanga kwa magazi, kupuma. Chifukwa chake mukakhala ndi vuto la kupuma movutikira kapena hypopnea, ubongo umazindikira izi. Kenako ubongo umachitapo kanthu kuti ukudzutseni pang'ono kuti mupume bwino. Koma kudzuka kumeneku nthawi zambiri kumakhala kobisika. Simungamve nkomwe. Mukayamba kupuma kachiwiri, ubongo umakulolani kuti mugonenso. Chifukwa chake AHI imayesa kangati pa ola limodzi kupuma pang'ono kumeneku kumachitika. Vutoli likakula kwambiri (Sleep Apnea), nthawi zambiri kusokonezeka kumeneku kumachitika.

Kodi mtengo wa AHI uwu umawerengedwa bwanji?

Mtengo wa AHI uwu umapezeka ndi (Sleep Study)Chimodzi mwa izi ndi kafukufuku wa kugona. Izi zimaphatikizapo kugwiritsa ntchito makina kuti aziyang'anira momwe thupi lanu limagwirira ntchito usiku wonse, kuphatikizapo momwe mumapumira, kugunda kwa mtima, mafunde a ubongo, ndi kuchuluka kwa mpweya m'magazi. Izi zitha kuchitika mu labu yogona , kapena nthawi zina pamakhala zida zosavuta zomwe mungachite kunyumba (Home Sleep Apnea Test) . Komabe, ndikofunikira kukumbukira kuti deta yomwe yapezeka kuchokera ku mayeso a kunyumba ndi yochepa ndipo ingakhale yolondola pang'ono.

Dokotalayo amawerengera chiwerengero chanu cha AHI pogawa chiwerengero chonse cha nthawi yomwe munali ndi vuto la kupuma movutikira komanso nthawi yomwe munali ndi vuto la hypopnea ndi maola onse omwe munagona.

Mwachidule: AHI = (Zochitika zonse za kupuma movutikira + Zochitika zonse za hypopnea) / Maola onse ogona

Kodi kuopsa kwa matenda opumira m'tulo kumayesedwa bwanji pogwiritsa ntchito AHI? - Kwa akuluakulu

Bungwe la American Academy of Sleep Medicine limagwiritsa ntchito sikelo iyi pogawa kuopsa kwa zochitika izi mwa akuluakulu:

• Mkhalidwe wofatsa: Zochepera 5 mpaka 15 pa ola limodzi.
• Mkhalidwe Wapakati: Zochitika zosakwana 15 mpaka 30 pa ola limodzi.
• Zoopsa: Zochitika 30 kapena kuposerapo pa ola limodzi.

Dokotala wanu adzagwiritsa ntchito ziwerengerozi kuti adziwe kuopsa kwa vuto lanu la kupuma movutikira. Mwachitsanzo, ngati AHI yanu ili ndi zaka 25, zikutanthauza kuti muli ndi vuto la kupuma movutikira pang'ono.

Ndiye kodi mtengo wapakati wa AHI kwa munthu wamkulu ndi wotani?

Mwina mukudzifunsa kuti, "Kodi AHI yachibadwa ndi yotani kwa munthu wamkulu?" AHI yachibadwa, kapena yathanzi, kwa munthu wamkulu ndi yosakwana zisanu zochitika za apnea ndi hypopnea pa ola limodzi (AHI <5). Ngati mtengo wanu uli pamlingo uwu, zikutanthauza kuti mulibe sleep apnea.

Kodi phindu la AHI ndi losiyana kwa ana aang'ono?

Inde, kuchuluka kwa AHI ndi kuopsa kwake n'kosiyana kwa ana aang'ono ndi akuluakulu. Popeza njira zopumira za ana zikukulabe, ngakhale kutsekeka pang'ono kwa mpweya kumatha kukhala ndi zotsatirapo zazikulu. Mitundu ya AHI ya ana aang'ono ndi iyi:

• Mkhalidwe wofatsa: Zochepera 1 mpaka 5 pa ola limodzi.
• Mkhalidwe wapakati: Zochitika zosakwana 5 mpaka 10 pa ola limodzi.
• Zoopsa: Zochitika 10 kapena kuposerapo pa ola limodzi.

Ngati AHI ya mwana wanu ndi imodzi kapena kuposerapo, dokotala wanu angamupeze ndi Obstructive Sleep Apnea. AHI yachibadwa ya mwana wamng'ono iyenera kukhala yochepera imodzi (AHI < 1). Komabe, nthawi zina, kwa ana akuluakulu, zikutanthauzaMadokotala angagwiritse ntchito sikelo ya AHI yofanana kwa ana aang'ono (achinyamata ndi achinyamata) monga momwe amachitira akuluakulu.

Kodi mtengo wabwino wa AHI ndi wotani ndi makina a CPAP?

Makina a CPAP (Continuous Positive Airway Pressure) ndiye njira yayikulu komanso yothandiza kwambiri yochizira matenda a Obstructive Sleep Apnea. Makinawa amathandiza kuti mpweya wanu ukhale wotseguka panthawi yogona. Chifukwa chake, cholinga cha munthu wamkulu wogwiritsa ntchito makina a CPAP awa ndikusunga AHI pansi pa zisanu (AHI < 5). Komabe, inu ndi dokotala wanu mudzasankha limodzi momwe muyenera kuchepera kuposa mtengo womwe walembedwa mu (Sleep Study), komanso mtengo womwe muyenera kuwunikira.

Chabwino n'chakuti mukagwiritsa ntchito makina anu a CPAP, amatha kutsatira AHI yanu mpaka pamlingo winawake, zomwe zikutanthauza kuti amatha kuilemba. Makina ambiri atsopano a CPAP amatha kuzindikira kusintha kwa mpweya wanu, ndikugwiritsa ntchito chidziwitso chimenecho kuwerengera mtengo wa AHI woyerekeza. Iyi si muyeso wolondola 100 peresenti monga momwe kafukufuku wa tulo amachitikira. Koma ingathandize dokotala wanu kupeza zambiri zowonjezera za momwe chithandizo chanu cha CPAP chilili chothandiza komanso momwe chikukuthandizireni.

Kodi kuipa kwa AHI ndi kotani? Kodi imafotokoza chilichonse?

Ngakhale kuti AHI ndi chida chothandiza kwambiri, sitingathe kudalira kuti ipange zisankho pa chilichonse. Ilinso ndi zovuta zina. Tiyeni tiwone zomwe zili:

• Maganizo osiyanasiyana okhudza hypopnea: Ngakhale kuti madokotala amagwirizana momveka bwino pankhani ya apnea, tanthauzo la hypopnea ndi lovuta pang'ono. Izi zili choncho chifukwa zinthu zingapo zimakhudza vutoli, monga kuchuluka kwa mpweya womwe uyenera kuchepetsedwa, kuchuluka kwa mpweya womwe uyenera kuchepetsedwa m'magazi (oxygen desaturation) , kapena kuchuluka kwa nthawi zomwe mumadzuka usiku (arousals) . Chifukwa chake, nthawi zina pamakhala kusiyana pang'ono pamatanthauzidwe.
• Zoletsa: AHI imangoyesa kuchuluka kwa nthawi ya apnea ndi hypopnea zomwe zimachitika mukugona. Sipereka zambiri zowonjezera, monga momwe nthawiyo ilili yovuta, nthawi yomwe kupuma kwanu kumasiya, kapena momwe mpweya wanu watsikira. Mwachitsanzo, wina akhoza kukhala ndi AHI ya 10, koma gawo lililonse lingatenge masekondi 10-15 okha. Munthu wina akhoza kukhala ndi AHI ya 10, koma nthawi yake ingatenge masekondi 40-50 ndipo mpweya wake ungatsike kwambiri. Choncho kuyang'ana AHI yokha sikukutanthauza kusiyana.
• Zotsatira Zosalondola Zomwe Zingakhalepo: Zotsatira za mayeso osavuta a kupuma pogona kunyumba , makamaka omwe amachitika kunyumba, sizingakhale zolondola ngati zomwe zachokera ku labu yogona. Izi zili choncho chifukwa kuchuluka kwa deta ndi kulondola kungakhale kochepa. Komanso, anthu ena sagona bwino akamayesa kunyumba.

Ngakhale kuti AHI imapereka chidziwitso chofunikira chokhudza ubwino wa tulo tomwe mumagona usiku, ndikofunikira kukumbukira kuti AHI ndi chinthu chimodzi chokha chomwe chimapangitsa kuti munthu azindikire vuto la tulo ndikuzindikira kuopsa kwake.

Gulu lanu lachipatala lidzaganizira za chiwerengero chanu cha AHI, malo omwe mukugona (kaya mukugona chagada kapena chagada), chiwerengero chanu cha AHI panthawi yogona (monga kugona kwa REM), ndi zotsatira zina zingapo za mayeso kuti apange chisankho chodziwa bwino za thanzi lanu.

Ndiye, ndi chinthu chiti chofunikira kwambiri chomwe tiyenera kuphunzira kuchokera m'nkhaniyi?

Chabwino, nazi zinthu zofunika kwambiri zomwe muyenera kukumbukira zokhudza AHI (Apnea-Hypopnea Index) zomwe tinakambirana:

• AHI ndi chizindikiro chomwe chimayesa kangati pa ola lomwe kupuma kwanu kumasiya (apnea) ndipo kumakhala kochepa (hypopnea) pamene mukugona.
• Izi zimathandiza kuzindikira matenda monga Obstructive Sleep Apnea ndi kuyeza kuopsa kwake.
• Avereji ya AHI kwa munthu wamkulu iyenera kukhala yochepera 5. Kwa ana, iyenera kukhala yochepera 1.
• AHI ikakhala yokwera, vuto la Sleep Apnea limakhala loopsa kwambiri.
• Cholinga cha anthu omwe amagwiritsa ntchito makina a CPAP ndikuyesetsa kusunga AHI pansi pa 5.
• Ngakhale kuti AHI ndi muyeso wofunikira, siwo wokhawo; madokotala amagwiritsa ntchito zinthu zina zambiri kuti ayese bwino.

Choncho, ngati mukumva ngati mukuvutika kupuma usiku, ngati mukukodola, ngati mukumva ngati mukupuma movutikira, kapena ngati mukugona tulo topitirira muyeso masana, funsani upangiri kwa dokotala. Chifukwa kugona bwino n'kofunika kwambiri kuti mukhale ndi moyo wathanzi! Komanso, kudziwa za AHI iyi kudzakuthandizani kwambiri mukakambirana za vuto lanu ndi dokotala wanu.

Kugona , kupuma, kupuma movutikira, AHI, apnea hypopnea index, matenda ogona, CPAP