Zotupa za m'mapapo zosavulaza? Musachite mantha, tiyeni tidziwe izi!

Kodi mungamve bwanji ngati dokotala atakuuzani kuti, "Muli ndi chotupa m'mapapo mwanu?" Ndizachibadwa kuchita mantha komanso kudabwa mukamva mawu amenewo. Tikamva mawu akuti "chotupa," nthawi yomweyo timayamba kudwala khansa. Koma pali chinthu chofunikira kukuuzani. Si zotupa zonse zomwe ndi khansa. Zotupa zina zingakhale zopanda vuto komanso zopanda khansa (zoipa). Chifukwa chake lero tikulankhula za zotupa zopanda khansa m'mapapo zomwe simuyenera kuda nkhawa nazo.

Kodi 'chotupa' kwenikweni n'chiyani?

Mwachidule, chotupa ndi gulu la minofu yosazolowereka yomwe imapangidwa maselo m'thupi lathu akalumikizana. Kawirikawiri, maselo m'thupi lathu amagawikana, amakula, ndipo pamapeto pake amafa. Iyi ndi njira yolamulidwa kwambiri. Koma nthawi zina njirayi imasokonekera. Maselo amayamba kugawikana mofulumira kwambiri, kapena maselo omwe ayenera kufa amalumikizana m'malo mofa. Ndicho chimene timachitcha chotupa. Zotupazi zimatha kupangika m'mapapo kapena m'njira zopumira zomwe zimanyamula mpweya kupita ku mapapo.

Mtedza uwu ukhoza kugawidwa m'magulu awiri akuluakulu:

1. Zotupa Zoopsa: Izi ndi zomwe timazitcha Khansa . Zimakula mofulumira, zimalowa m'thupi lozungulira, ndipo zimatha kufalikira ku ziwalo zina za thupi.

2. Zotupa Zosavulaza : Izi si khansa. Sizifalikira ku ziwalo zina za thupi.

Tsopano, ngati dokotala wanu akunena kuti, "Chotupa m'mapapo mwanu chikuwoneka ngati chabwino ," kodi zimenezo zikutanthauza chiyani kwenikweni? Tiyeni tiwonenso zina.

Kodi pali zotupa zilizonse zomwe sizili za khansa zomwe zimapangika m'mapapo?

Inde, ndithudi. Amagawidwanso m'magulu malinga ndi kukula kwake. Kawirikawiri, zotupa zazikulu kuposa masentimita atatu (pafupifupi mainchesi 1.2) zimatchedwa "masses", ndipo zotupa zazing'ono kuposa masentimita atatu zimatchedwa " nodules ". Zotupa zazing'onozi zomwe zimapangidwa m'mapapo zimatchedwanso "pulmonary nodules".

Nazi zina mwa mitundu yofala kwambiri ya zotupa zomwe si khansa.

Hamartoma

Izi ndi mitundu yofala kwambiri ya zotupa zopanda khansa zomwe zimapezeka m'mapapo. Zimapangidwa ndi minofu yabwinobwino monga cartilage , mafuta , ndi minofu . Koma minofuyo imalumikizana mwanjira yodabwitsa. Pa X-ray, imatha kuwoneka ngati ndalama yozungulira. Nthawi zina imatha kuwonekanso ngati popcorn. Nthawi zambiri sizimavulaza minofu yozungulira.

Matenda a bronchial adenomas

Izi ndi mtundu wina wofala wa chotupa chosakhala khansa. Chimakula makamaka m'mapapo athu (bronchi) ndi mucous glands.

Ma Papillomas

Izi sizimapezeka kawirikawiri. Zimamera kuchokera mkati mwa njira zopumira mpweya ndipo zimatuluka kunja. Pali mitundu itatu ya ma papillomas:

• Ma papillomas a squamous:Izi zitha kuchitika chifukwa cha kachilombo kotchedwa ``Human Papillomavirus - HPV''. Kachilombo ka HPV aka ndi kachilombo komwe kamayambitsa ziphuphu ndi matenda ena opatsirana pogonana. Mitundu iyi ya zotupa nthawi zina imakhala ndi mwayi wochepa wokhala khansa.
• Ma papilloma a glandular: Awa ndi osowa kwambiri kuposa ma papilloma a squamous. Chifukwa chenicheni cha kupezeka kwawo sichinapezekebe.
• Ma papillomas osakanikirana a squamous ndi glandular: Awa ali ndi minofu ya mitundu yonse iwiri yomwe yatchulidwa pamwambapa. Izi sizingakhalenso khansa nthawi zambiri.

Kodi zipatso zimenezi ndi zofala bwanji?

Ziphuphu zazing'onozi m'mapapo (ziphuphu za m'mapapo) kwenikweni ndizofala kwambiri kuposa momwe mungaganizire. Zimapezeka pafupifupi mu X-ray imodzi mwa 500 pachifuwa. Komanso, 80%-90% ya CT scans (Computed Tomography scans) imasonyeza ziphuphu zazing'onozi.

Nkhani yabwino ndi yakuti zotupa zoposa 60% zomwe zimawonedwa pa X-ray ndipo 99% zomwe zimawonedwa pa CT scan sizikhala ndi khansa (zoipa). Ngati muli ndi zaka zoposa 50 ndipo mukusuta, muli ndi mwayi wowona chimodzi pa CT scan.

Kodi zizindikiro za matenda a m'mapapo omwe si a khansa ndi ziti?

Chodabwitsa apa ndichakuti anthu ambiri saona zizindikiro zilizonse . Zotupa zoposa 90% izi zimapezeka mwangozi panthawi ya X-ray pachifuwa kapena CT scan kuti adziwe vuto lina.

Komabe, anthu ena akhoza kukhala ndi zizindikiro, kuphatikizapo:

• Chifuwa chofewa chomwe chimakhalapo kwa nthawi yayitali.
• Kuvuta kupuma (kupuma movutikira).
• Kusamva bwino kapena kupweteka pachifuwa.
• Kupuma movutikira ndi phokoso la mluzu pamene mukupuma.
• Kumveka phokoso lofanana ndi mamina ochokera m'mapapo.
• Kutsokomola magazi (hemoptysis).

Ngati muli ndi zizindikiro izi, musanyalanyaze. Onetsetsani kuti mwaonana ndi dokotala wanu.

Kodi n’chiyani chimayambitsa matenda otupa ngati amenewa?

Pakhoza kukhala zifukwa zingapo zomwe zimayambitsa matenda a m'mapapo omwe si a khansa.

• Ma granuloma: Awa ndi tinthu tating'onoting'ono ta maselo otupa omwe amayamba chifukwa cha matenda. Angayambitsidwe ndi matenda a bakiteriya, monga chifuwa chachikulu (TB), kapena matenda a bowa.
• Chifuwa cha m'mapapo: Matenda odzala mafinya mkati mwa mapapo.
• Kutupa:Zotupa zimenezi zimathanso kuchitika chifukwa cha matenda otupa monga nyamakazi kapena sarcoidosis.
• Matenda: Matenda a m'mapapo amatha kuyambitsidwa ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya matenda.
• Matenda obadwa nawo: Matenda ena omwe amapezeka pobadwa, mwachitsanzo, thumba lodzaza madzi m'mapapo (lung cyst).

Nthawi zina, chifukwa chenicheni sichingapezeke.

Kodi ndingadziwe bwanji kuti chotupachi si khansa?

Madokotala amagwiritsa ntchito zinthu zingapo kuti adziwe ngati chotupa chili ndi khansa kapena ayi.

Kawirikawiri, CT scan imatha kuzindikira kuti chotupacho si khansa kutengera mawonekedwe ake. Komabe, ngati pali kukayikira kulikonse, dokotala angakulimbikitseni kuti mupange bronchoscopy. Izi zimaphatikizapo kulowetsa chubu chopyapyala, chokhala ndi kamera m'khosi kupita m'mapapo kuti mukaone chotupacho. Chitsanzo cha minofu chingatengedwenso kuti chikayesedwe (biopsy). Mudzapatsidwa mankhwala oletsa ululu musanayesedwe, kuti musamve kupweteka kulikonse.

Kodi chotupacho chiyenera kuchotsedwa bwanji?

Nkhani yabwino ndi yakuti zotupa zambiri za m'mapapo zomwe si khansa sizifuna chithandizo chilichonse.Madokotala nthawi zambiri amalangiza njira ya "kuyang'anira ndi kudikira". Izi zikutanthauza kuti munthu ayenera kuyesedwa ndi X-ray kapena CT scan miyezi ingapo kapena zaka zingapo kuti aone ngati chotupacho chikusintha kukula kapena mawonekedwe ake.

Komabe, pazochitika zotsatirazi, dokotala angakulimbikitseni opaleshoni kuti achotse chotupacho kapena biopsy:

• Ngati ndinu wosuta fodya kapena muli pachiwopsezo chachikulu cha khansa.
• Ngati muyamba zizindikiro monga kuvutika kupuma.
• Ngati mayeso akuwonetsa kukayikira kuti ikhoza kukhala khansa.
• Ngati chotupacho chikupitiriza kukula.

Kodi muyenera kupita kwa dokotala liti?

Mukamaona chotupa, kapena ngati mukuona zizindikiro zotsatirazi, pitani kwa dokotala nthawi yomweyo.

• Ngati mwayamba kutsokomola kwatsopano, ngati chifuwa chanu chomwe muli nacho chikukulirakulira, kapena ngati mwatsokomola magazi.
• Ngati zizindikiro zatsopano monga kupuma movutikira, kutentha thupi, kuzizira, kapena kupweteka pachifuwa zikuwonekera.
• Ngati mwataya thupi lanu ndi makilogalamu oposa 5 (mapaundi 10) popanda chifukwa.

Mafunso oti mufunse dokotala wanu

Ndizachibadwa kukhala ndi mafunso ambiri mukadziwa za vuto ngati ili. Musachite mantha kapena kuzengereza kufunsa dokotala wanu mafunso awa.

• Kodi mukudziwa bwanji kuti ndili ndi chotupa m'mapapo mwanga?
• Kodi mungadziwe bwanji kuti chotupachi si khansa?
• Ndi mtundu wanji wa chotupa chosakhala khansa chomwe ndili nacho?
• Kodi ndikufunika kuchita mayeso ena?
• Kodi ndikufunika chithandizo?
• Kodi ndiyenera kubwera kangati kuti ndikaone ngati ndakumana ndi vuto langa?
• Kodi ndiyenera kupita kwa dokotala wa pulmonologist?