Tonsefe tili ndi magazi m'thupi lathu, koma kodi mumadziwa kuti magazi a aliyense si ofanana? Monga momwe zilili ndi zala, mitundu yathu ya magazi ndi yosiyana. Kaya mukufuna kupereka magazi kapena kulandira magazi, ndikofunikira kwambiri kudziwa bwino lomwe mtundu wa magazi anu. Chifukwa chake lero, tiyeni tikambirane za mitundu iyi ya magazi, kusiyana kwawo, ndi momwe imakhudzira thanzi lathu.
Kodi mitundu ya magazi imeneyi ndi iti?
Mwachidule, mtundu wa magazi anu umatsimikiziridwa ndi majini omwe mumalandira kuchokera kwa amayi ndi abambo anu. Tonsefe tili ndi zigawo zofanana za magazi athu. Izi ndi maselo ofiira a magazi, maselo oyera a magazi, ma platelet, ndi madzi otchedwa plasma omwe amayandama mozungulira iwo.
Komabe, pali chifukwa chachikulu chomwe mitundu ya magazi imasiyana malinga ndi munthu. Imeneyo ndi mitundu yapadera ya mapuloteni pamwamba pa maselo ofiira a magazi athu. Mu zamankhwala, timatcha ma antigen awa. Komanso, mu gawo lamadzimadzi la magazi, lomwe ndi plasma, pali mtundu wina wapadera wa mapuloteni, womwe umatchedwa ma antibodies .
Choncho, mtundu wa magazi anu umatsimikiziridwa ndi mtundu wa ma antigen omwe ali pamwamba pa maselo ofiira a magazi anu ndi mtundu wa ma antibodies omwe ali m'magazi anu.
Mitundu ikuluikulu ya magazi ndi kusiyana kwawo
Pali mitundu 8 ya magazi yodziwika bwino padziko lonse lapansi. Mitundu imeneyi imagawidwa m'magulu akuluakulu anayi. Ndi A, B, AB ndi O. Gululi limatchedwa dongosolo la ABO . Kuphatikiza apo, pali chinthu china chofunikira, chomwe ndi Rh factor . Tiyeni tiwonenso zimenezo.
Dongosolo la gulu la magazi la ABO
Izi zimatsimikiziridwa ngati pali ma antigen otchedwa A ndi B pamwamba pa maselo ofiira a magazi kapena ayi.
| Gulu la Magazi | Antigen pa Maselo Ofiira a Magazi | Antibody mu Plasma |
|---|---|---|
| Gulu A | Pali antigen ya A. | Pali ma antibodies a B. |
| Gulu B | Ali ndi antigen ya B | Pali ma antibodies A. |
| Gulu la AB | Pali ma antigen A ndi B onse. | Palibe ma antibodies A kapena B |
| Gulu O | Palibe ma antigen A kapena B | Pali ma antibodies onse A ndi B. |
Kodi Rh Factor ndi chiyani?
Uwu ndi mtundu wina wa antigen womwe umapezeka pamwamba pa maselo ofiira a magazi.
- Ngati muli ndi Rh factor m'magazi anu, mtundu wa magazi anu ndi "positive / +" . (Chitsanzo: A+, B+, O+)
- Ngati mulibe Rh factor m'magazi mwanu, mtundu wa magazi anu ndi "Negative / -" . (Chitsanzo: A-, AB-, O-)
Magulu a ABO awa ndi Rh factor amaphatikizana kupanga mitundu 8 yayikulu ya magazi yomwe timaidziwa.
Kupereka ndi Kulandira Magazi - Nchifukwa Chiyani Kufananiza Kuli Kofunika?
Zisanafike chaka cha 1901, madokotala ankaganiza kuti aliyense anali ndi mtundu wofanana wa magazi. Chifukwa cha zimenezi, anthu ambiri ankafa chifukwa cha magazi omwe anaperekedwa panthawiyo. Kenako wasayansi wina dzina lake Karl Landsteiner anatulukira mitundu ya magazi imeneyi.
Ngati mitundu iwiri ya magazi yosagwirizana yasakanikirana, ma antibodies m'thupi la wolandirayo amayamba kulimbana ndi magazi achilendo. Izi zimapangitsa kuti maselo ofiira a magazi azigwirizana ndi kuundana. Izi zingayambitse zotsatira zoopsa kwambiri, ngakhale zoopsa, monga kulephera kwa impso. Chifukwa chake, kufananiza mtundu wa magazi ndikofunikira popereka ndi kulandira magazi.
Magazi a mtundu wa O negative (O-) amatchedwa "Universal Donor . " Izi zili choncho chifukwa magazi a mtundu wa O alibe ma antigen a A, B, kapena Rh, kotero amatha kuperekedwa kwa aliyense amene ali ndi mtundu uliwonse wa magazi. Pakagwa ngozi, ngati palibe nthawi yoyesa mtundu wa magazi a wodwalayo, magazi a mtundu wa O nthawi zambiri amaperekedwa.
Mtundu wa magazi wa AB positive (AB+) umatchedwa "Universal Recipient".Kapena "wolandira magazi onse." Izi zili choncho chifukwa magazi a AB+ alibe ma antibodies olimbana ndi A kapena B, kotero amatha kulandira maselo ofiira a magazi kuchokera ku mtundu uliwonse wa magazi.
Kuchokera patebulo ili, mutha kumvetsetsa mosavuta omwe mungapereke magazi kwa iwo komanso kwa omwe mungawalandire.
| Mtundu wa magazi anu | Mungathe kupereka magazi. | Mungathe kupeza magazi. |
|---|---|---|
| A+ | A+, AB+ | A+, A-, O+, O- |
| O+ | O+, A+, B+, AB+ | O+, O- |
| B+ | B+, AB+ | B+, B-, O+, O- |
| AB+ | AB+ yokha | Mitundu yonse ya magazi |
| A- | A+, A-, AB+, AB- | A-, O- |
| O- | Mitundu yonse ya magazi (Wopereka Magazi Onse) | O- yokha |
| B- | B+, B-, AB+, AB- | B-, O- |
| AB- | AB+, AB- | AB-, A-, B-, O- |
N’chifukwa chiyani mtundu wa magazi ndi wofunika panthawi ya mimba?
Nkhaniyi ndi yofunika kwambiri kwa anthu ambiri. Makamaka, ngati mtundu wa magazi a mayi uli ndi Rh negative (Rh-) ndipo mwana amene ali m'mimba alandira mtundu wa magazi kuchokera kwa bambo ake ndipo ali ndi Rh positive (Rh+), pali kuthekera kwa mavuto ena.
Izi zimachitika chifukwa thupi la mayi limazindikira maselo ofiira a mwana otchedwa Rh+ ngati 'achilendo' ndipo limayamba kupanga ma antibodies motsutsana nawo. Izi zingakhudze mimba yachiwiri ndi yotsatira kuposa yoyamba. Ma antibodies amenewa amatha kuwononga maselo ofiira a mwana.
Koma palibe choopa. Tsopano pali njira zabwino zothetsera vutoli. Dokotala wanu adzayesa mtundu wa magazi anu kumayambiriro kwa mimba yanu. Ngati muli ndi Rh-, mudzapatsidwa katemera wotchedwa Rh immunoglobulin (RhIg) nthawi ndi nthawi kuti mwana asavulale.
Kodi pali kugwirizana pakati pa mtundu wa magazi ndi matenda ena?
Mwina mwamvapo nkhani monga "Anthu omwe ali ndi magazi amtundu uwu amadwala kwambiri" ndi "Anthu omwe ali ndi magazi amtundu umenewu amakhala athanzi." Kafukufuku wina wapeza kuti anthu omwe ali ndi magazi amtundu wa A, B, kapena AB ali ndi mwayi waukulu wopeza matenda monga matenda a mtima, koma izi sizomwe zimapangitsa kuti munthu adwale matendawo.
Kumbukirani, gulu la magazi anu silikupangitsani kudwala. Limakhudzidwa ndi zinthu zina zambiri, monga moyo wanu, zakudya zomwe mumadya, masewera olimbitsa thupi, komanso mbiri ya banja lanu yodwala. Palibe gulu la magazi lomwe "ndi labwino" kapena "loipa" kuposa lina. Ndi chinthu chomwe timatengera, monga mtundu wa maso kapena kutalika.
Komanso, anthu ena amalankhula za "Zakudya za Mtundu wa Magazi." Koma palibe umboni wa sayansi wotsimikizira izi. Chifukwa chake, kudya zakudya zopatsa thanzi ndikwabwino kwa aliyense.
Uthenga Wopita Nawo Kunyumba
- Mtundu wa magazi anu umatsimikiziridwa ndi majini omwe mumalandira kuchokera kwa makolo anu. Sungasinthidwe.
- Popereka kapena kulandira magazi, kufananiza mitundu ya magazi ndi njira yopulumutsira moyo. Kulandira magazi osagwirizana ndi magazi kungakhale koopsa.
- Ndikofunikira kufunafuna upangiri wa dokotala panthawi ya mimba, makamaka ngati mayi ali ndi Rh- ndipo mwana ali ndi Rh+. Tsopano pali mankhwala othandiza pa izi.
- Magazi a mtundu wa O omwe alibe (O-) ndi "wopereka magazi onse" amene angapereke kwa aliyense. Magazi a mtundu wa AB omwe ali ndi kachilombo (AB+) ndi "wolandira magazi onse" amene angalandire magazi kuchokera kwa aliyense.
- Palibe gulu la magazi lomwe "lili ndi thanzi labwino" kapena "loipa" kuposa lina. Choncho musachite mantha ndi gulu la magazi anu mosafunikira.
- Ngati simukudziwa mtundu wa magazi anu, ndi bwino kufunsa dokotala wanu za izi mukamapereka magazi.
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