Kodi nthawi zambiri mumadzimva olemera, achisoni, kapena osungulumwa? Mwina dokotala wanu wakupezani ndi matenda a kuvutika maganizo ndipo wakuuzani kuti muyambe kumwa mankhwala a kuvutika maganizo. Anthu ena amachita mantha pang'ono akamva za mankhwalawa. Mafunso monga "Kodi ndidzakhala wokonda kwambiri izi?" ndi "Kodi pali zotsatirapo zambiri?" amabwera m'maganizo. Kotero lero, tiyeni tikambirane za mankhwala awa a kuvutika maganizo, kapena `(Ma antidepressants)`, mwachidule, m'njira yomwe mungamvetse.
Kodi mankhwala awa a kuvutika maganizo ndi chiyani?
Mwachidule, awa ndi mankhwala omwe dokotala wanu amakulemberani kuti muchiritse kuvutika maganizo. Dokotala wanu akangozindikira kuti muli ndi kuvutika maganizo pang'ono mpaka kwakukulu, mankhwala awa akhoza kuperekedwa okha kapena pamodzi ndi chithandizo/uphungu.
Komanso, mankhwalawa sagwiritsidwa ntchito kokha pa matenda a maganizo, komanso pa matenda ena ambiri amisala.
- Matenda Odzikuza ndi Okakamiza (OCD)
- Kuopa Anthu Ena
- Matenda a Mantha
- Matenda Oda Nkhawa Omwe Amafala Kwambiri (GAD)
- Matenda Ovutika Maganizo Pambuyo pa Zoopsa (PTSD)
Nthawi zina, madokotala amagwiritsa ntchito mankhwalawa pa matenda ena osati omwe amavomerezedwa. Mwachitsanzo, mitundu ina yakale ya mankhwala oletsa kuvutika maganizo (Tricyclic Antidepressants) nthawi zina amaperekedwa pa ululu, kusowa tulo, komanso mutu waching'alang'ala.
Kodi mitundu ikuluikulu ya mankhwala awa ndi iti?
Mankhwalawa amagawidwa m'magulu akuluakulu angapo. Gulu lililonse limagwira ntchito mosiyana pang'ono. Tiyeni tiwone mitundu yayikulu.
1. SSRIs (Zoletsa Kubwerezabwereza kwa Serotonin)
Uwu ndi mtundu wa mankhwala ofala kwambiri omwe madokotala ambiri amakulemberani padziko lonse lapansi. Mwina mudzapatsidwa imodzi mwa mankhwalawa poyamba chifukwa alibe zotsatirapo zoyipa zambiri.
| Khalidwe | Kufotokozera |
|---|---|
| Magwiridwe antchito | Zimawonjezera kuchuluka kwa serotonin yomwe imapezeka mu ubongo, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti munthu akhale ndi maganizo abwino. |
| Zotsatira zoyipa zofala | Kusasangalala m'mimba, nseru, mutu, kusowa tulo kapena kugona, kuchepa kwa chilakolako chogonana. (Nthawi zambiri izi zimatha pakatha milungu ingapo yoyambirira). |
| Zitsanzo | Fluoxetine, Sertraline, Citalopram, ndi Escitalopram |
2. Ma SNRI (Zoletsa za Serotonin ndi Norepinephrine Reuptake)
Uwu ndi mtundu wina wa mankhwala omwe, monga ma SSRI, nthawi zambiri amaperekedwa ngati chithandizo choyamba.
Kuti muchepetse nseru chifukwa cha mankhwala awa, kumwa mankhwala pamodzi ndi chakudya ndi lingaliro labwino.
- Zochita: Izi zimawonjezera kuchuluka kwa mankhwala otchedwa serotonin ndi norepinephrine mu ubongo.
- Zotsatira zoyipa zofala: nseru, pakamwa pouma, thukuta, chizungulire, mutu.
- Zitsanzo: Venlafaxine, Duloxetine, Desvenlafaxine.
3. Ma TCA (Ma Tricyclic Antidepressants)
Mankhwala awa ndi akale pang'ono. Madokotala sagwiritsa ntchito mankhwalawa kawirikawiri masiku ano. Chifukwa chake ndi chakuti ali ndi zotsatirapo zina zochepa, ndipo chiopsezo cha kumwa mopitirira muyeso chimakhala chachikulu ngati mlingo wawonjezeka.
Kawirikawiri, dokotala amaganizira za mtundu uwu wa mankhwala kwa anthu omwe ali ndi vuto lalikulu la kuvutika maganizo omwe sakuyankha mankhwala monga SSRIs ndi SNRIs.
- Zotsatira zoyipa zomwe zimachitika kawirikawiri: pakamwa pouma, kusawona bwino, kudzimbidwa, kuvutika kukodza, kugona tulo, kunenepa kwambiri.
- Zitsanzo: Amitriptyline, Imipramine, Clomipramine.
4. MAOIs (Zoletsa za Monoamine Oxidase)
Uwu unali mankhwala oyamba oletsa kuvutika maganizo omwe apezeka. Mankhwalawa sagwiritsidwanso ntchito kawirikawiri masiku ano. Chifukwa chachikulu cha izi ndichakuti muyenera kutsatira malamulo okhwima okhudza kudya ndi kumwa mukamamwa mankhwalawa.
Kumbukirani, zakudya zina zodziwika bwino (monga tchizi, mitundu ina ya soseji, soya sauce) zimatha kuyanjana ndi mankhwalawa, zomwe zimayambitsa kukwera kwa kuthamanga kwa magazi mwadzidzidzi komanso koopsa. Chifukwa chake ngati mupatsidwa mankhwalawa, dokotala wanu adzakupatsani mndandanda wautali wazinthu zabwino ndi zoyipa zoti mudye. Komanso, mankhwalawa saperekedwa pamodzi ndi mankhwala ena oletsa kuvutika maganizo.
Kodi mankhwalawo amayamba bwanji kugwira ntchito?
Funso ili ndi losangalatsa kwambiri. Asayansi sakudziwabe 100% momwe mankhwalawa amagwirira ntchito. Koma uwu ndiye kumvetsetsa kwabwino kwambiri komwe tili nako pakadali pano.
Ma neurotransmitter ndi omwe amatumiza mauthenga pakati pa maselo amitsempha muubongo wathu.Kudzera mu mankhwala otchedwa neurotransmitters. Ganizirani izi ngati amithenga ang'onoang'ono. Mu ubongo wa munthu amene ali ndi vuto la kuvutika maganizo, ntchito ya ena mwa amithengawa olamulira maganizo (monga Serotonin, Norepinephrine, Dopamine) ingachepe.
Mankhwala oletsa kuvutika maganizo amagwira ntchito popangitsa kuti anthu oterewa akhale pakati pa maselo a mitsempha (synapse) kwa nthawi yayitali. Izi zikutanthauza kuti, amawonjezera mphamvu ya anthu oterewa. Izi ndi zomwe zimapangitsa kuti pang'onopang'ono munthu akhale ndi maganizo abwino komanso kuchepetsa zizindikiro za kuvutika maganizo.
Chofunika kwambiri ndichakuti musapeze zotsatira nthawi yomweyo ndi mankhwalawa. Zingatenge milungu 6-8 kuti mankhwala ambiri agwire ntchito mokwanira. Choncho ndikofunikira kukhala oleza mtima ndikupitiriza kumwa mankhwala anu monga momwe dokotala wanu wakuuzani.
Zoopsa zazikulu kwambiri ndi zinthu zoti muzisamala nazo
Ngakhale kuti mankhwala ambiriwa ndi otetezeka, pali zinthu zingapo zomwe tiyenera kudziwa.
| Mfundo zapadera zoti muzindikire | |
|---|---|
| Maganizo Odzipha (Chiwopsezo Chodzipha) | Ichi ndiye chinthu chofunikira kwambiri. Mankhwala ena oletsa kuvutika maganizo, makamaka achinyamata osakwana zaka 25, apezeka kuti akuwonjezera malingaliro ofuna kudzipha m'masabata oyamba kuyambira pomwe ayamba kumwa mankhwalawo kapena pamene mlingo wa mankhwalawo wasinthidwa . Ichi ndichifukwa chake amakhala ndi 'Chenjezo la Black Box'. Ngati inu kapena munthu amene mumamudziwa ali ndi malingaliro awa, uzani dokotala wanu nthawi yomweyo, kapena pitani ku dipatimenti yapafupi yadzidzidzi yachipatala (ETU). Muthanso kuyimbira foni nambala 1926 yothandizira zaumoyo wamaganizo kuti mupeze thandizo. |
| Matenda Oletsa Kugonana | Musasiye kumwa mankhwalawa mwadzidzidzi popanda upangiri wa dokotala wanu. Kuchita izi kungayambitse chizungulire, nseru, mutu wopepuka, kusowa tulo, komanso kumva ngati magetsi akugunda. Vutoli lingabwererenso. Ngati musiya kumwa mankhwalawa, chitani izi motsogozedwa ndi dokotala wanu, ndipo pang'onopang'ono muchepetse mlingo. |
| Matenda a Serotonin | Izi zimachitika kawirikawiri. Koma ndizoopsa kwambiri. Izi zimachitika pamene kuchuluka kwa serotonin muubongo kukukwera mosafunikira. Ngati zizindikiro monga kutentha thupi kwambiri, kunjenjemera kwa thupi, nkhawa yosadziwika bwino, thukuta, ndi kugunda kwa mtima mofulumira, ndi zadzidzidzi. Muyenera kupita ku ETU nthawi yomweyo. |
| Amayi oyembekezera ndi oyamwitsa | Ngati mukukonzekera kutenga pakati, muli ndi pakati, kapena mukuyamwitsa, onetsetsani kuti mwakambirana ndi dokotala wanu za mankhwalawa musanagwiritse ntchito. Chosankha chabwino ndikukambirana za zoopsa ndi zabwino zomwe zingachitike kwa inu ndi mwana wanu. |
Kodi ndingasankhe bwanji mankhwala oyenera kwa ine?
Vuto limene anthu ambiri ali nalo ndi ili. Simungapeze mankhwala oyenera nthawi yomweyo. Zili ngati kusankha nsapato. Zina zimakhala zolimba kwambiri, zina zazikulu kwambiri, ndipo muyenera kuyesa zingapo mpaka mutapeza yoyenera.
Dokotala wanu adzasankha kaye mankhwala ataganizira zinthu zambiri, monga mtundu wa zizindikiro zanu, matenda ena omwe muli nawo, mankhwala ena omwe mukumwa, komanso kulekerera kwanu zotsatirapo zake.
Ngati simukumva bwino pakatha milungu 6-8, kapena ngati mukukumana ndi mavuto ena, musachite manyazi kapena kuopa kuuza dokotala wanu. Iye akhoza kusintha mlingo, kuwonjezera mankhwala ena, kapena kukusinthani ku mankhwala ena. Izi ndi zachilendo.
Uthenga Wopita Nawo Kunyumba
- Mankhwala oletsa kuvutika maganizo ndi othandiza kwambiri pochiza kuvutika maganizo pang'ono mpaka kwakukulu. Sali osokoneza bongo.
- Mankhwalawa ayenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito pokhapokha ngati dokotala wakuuzani. Musamwe mankhwala omwe mnzanu akumwa kapena kuwagula ku pharmacy.
- Zingatenge nthawi kuti mupeze mankhwala oyenera kwa inu. Choncho khalani oleza mtima, lankhulani momasuka ndi dokotala wanu, ndipo pitirizani kulandira chithandizo chanu.
- Musasiye kumwa mankhwala mwadzidzidzi popanda upangiri wa dokotala. Ngati mwasiya, chitani pang'onopang'ono.
- Ngati muli ndi maganizo ofuna kudzipha poyamba kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala, musayese kubisa maganizo amenewo.Fufuzani upangiri wa dokotala nthawi yomweyo kapena imbani 1926. Simuli nokha, thandizo likupezeka.
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