Kodi autism (Autism Spectrum Disorder - ASD) ndi chiyani? Musachite mantha, tiyeni tikambirane za izo

Kodi mwana wanu wamng'ono amasewera yekha popanda kuyanjana ndi ana ena? Kapena sakuyang'anani m'maso mukamalankhula? Kodi nthawi zina amabwereza zomwezo? Ndizachibadwa kuti inu monga kholo mumve mantha pang'ono komanso nkhawa mukamaona zinthu ngati izi. Lero tikambirana za matenda otchedwa autism, omwe amasonyeza zizindikiro izi ndipo amakambidwa ndi anthu ambiri. Palibe chifukwa choopera. Tiyeni timvetse zonse zokhudza izi mosavuta komanso momveka bwino.

Mwachidule, kodi autism ndi chiyani?

Matenda a Autism, kapena omwe amadziwika kuti Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) m'chipatala, ndi vuto lovuta lomwe limakhudza kukula kwa ubongo. Si matenda, koma kusintha kwa momwe ubongo umagwirira ntchito. Izi zingakhudze momwe munthu amene ali ndi vuto la autism amalankhulirana ndi ena, kulankhulana, kuphunzira, komanso kuchita zinthu.

Zizindikiro za autism nthawi zambiri zimayamba kuonekera munthu asanakwanitse zaka zitatu . Matendawa amakhalapo kwa moyo wonse. Amatchedwa "spectrum" chifukwa momwe amakhudzira munthu aliyense komanso kuopsa kwake zimasiyana kwambiri. Izi zikutanthauza kuti palibe anthu awiri omwe ali ndi autism omwe ndi ofanana.

Kodi pali milingo yosiyanasiyana ya autism?

Inde. Matenda a Autism sakhudza aliyense mofanana. Kale, anthu ankagwiritsa ntchito mawu monga "high-functioning" ndi "low-functioning." Koma mawu awa ndi akale ndipo akhoza kukhala opweteka. Ndicho chifukwa chake madokotala sagwiritsanso ntchito mawu awa.

M'malo mwake, magawo atatu ayambitsidwa kutengera kuchuluka kwa chithandizo chomwe munthu amene ali ndi autism amafunikira.

Chinthu chabwino kwambiri chomwe mungachite polankhula za munthu amene ali ndi autism ndikufunsa munthuyo mwiniwake kapena womusamalira momwe angakondere kufotokozedwa.

Kodi zizindikiro zofala za autism ndi ziti?

Zizindikiro za autism zingasiyane pang'ono pakati pa ana ndi akuluakulu.

Zizindikiro zomwe zingawonekere mwa ana

• Kusayang'anana maso.
• Sayankha dzina ngakhale ali ndi miyezi 9.
• Osasewera masewera osavuta monga kuwomba m'manja ali ndi miyezi 12.
• Amakonza zoseweretsa zawo motsatira dongosolo lomwelo, ndipo amakwiya kwambiri ngati dongosolo limenelo lisinthidwa.
• Kubwerezabwereza chinthu chomwecho mobwerezabwereza. Mwachitsanzo, kunena mawu omwewo, kugwedezeka uku ndi uku, kapena kugwedeza manja anu.
• Osayang'ana zomwe anthu ena akuwonetsa.
• Kusowa chidwi chosewera ndi ana ena.
• Kuchedwa kuchita zinthu monga kulankhula ndi kuyenda.
• Kumva kutopa kwambiri ndi mawu abwinobwino, fungo, ndi kukhudza.
• Osafuna kukumbatiridwa kapena kugwiridwa ndi winawake.

Zizindikiro zomwe zimawonedwa mwa akuluakulu

• Kuvuta kumvetsa zomwe ena akuganiza ndi kumva.
• Kukonda kukhala wekha kapena kuvutika kupeza mabwenzi.
• Nkhawa pazochitika za anthu (monga zikondwerero, maphwando).
• Kukonda kuchita ntchito za tsiku ndi tsiku mofanana, motsatira dongosolo lomwelo, osafuna kuziona zikusintha.
• Zinthu zomwe zimalankhulidwa ndi zomwezo (lita)ZONSE y) Kumvetsetsa. (monga kuvutika kumvetsetsa mafanizo monga "kuswa mwendo").
• Kuvuta kuyang'ana maso ndi kulankhula.
• Kukhala wopanda cholinga, wamwano, kapena wopanda chidwi kungaoneke ngati chinthu choipa.

Kodi "Stimming" ndi "Meltdowns" ndi chiyani?

Kulimbikitsa kumatanthauza makhalidwe odzilimbikitsa okha. Mwachitsanzo, anthu ena omwe ali ndi vuto la autism amagwedeza manja awo, kugwedeza zala zawo, ndi kugwedezeka mmbuyo ndi mtsogolo. Amachita izi kuti asangalale, asowe chochita, kapena kuti athetse nkhawa kapena nkhawa. Izi zimawathandiza kukhala chete.

Kusokonezeka maganizo si kukwiya kokha komwe mwana amakwiya nako. Ndi njira yosalamulirika ya mitsempha yawo pamene vuto lafika povuta kwambiri kwa munthu amene ali ndi vuto la autism, monga fungo, phokoso, kapena kuwala. Panthawiyi, akhoza kulira, kufuula, kukankha, kapena kukhala chete kwathunthu. Apatseni malo, pangani malo otetezeka, ndipo muwachitire ulemu.

Kodi n’chiyani chimayambitsa autism? Kodi imayamba chifukwa cha katemera?

Choyambitsa chenicheni cha autism sichinadziwikebe , koma akukhulupirira kuti chimachitika chifukwa cha kusintha kwina m'mbali za ubongo zomwe zimagwira ntchito zokhudzana ndi kumva ndi chilankhulo.

Pali zinthu zingapo zomwe zimakhudza izi:

• Zinthu zokhudzana ndi majini: Ngati wina m'banjamo ali ndi autism, chiopsezo choti mwana nayenso adwale autism chimakhala chachikulu.
• Zaka za makolo: Zaka za makolo panthawi yoyembekezera.
• Mavuto obadwa nawo: Zinthu monga kubadwa ndi thupi lochepa kwambiri.
• Jenda: Autism ndi yofala kwambiri pakati pa anyamata kuposa atsikana.

Kodi matenda a autism amawapeza bwanji? (Kuzindikira)

Palibe mayeso a magazi kapena mkodzo omwe angathandize kuzindikira matenda a autism molondola. Madokotala amazindikira matendawa mwa kuyang'anitsitsa khalidwe la mwanayo ndi kukula kwake.

Kawirikawiri pali njira ziwiri zochitira izi:

1. Kuwunika Kukula kwa Matenda:Mukapita ndi mwana wanu kuchipatala, dokotala adzayang'ana kukula kwa mwanayo. Adzayang'ana ngati zinthu monga kulankhula, kuyenda, ndi kuphunzira zikuchitika panthawi yoyenera msinkhu wake. Nthawi zambiri, amasamala kwambiri za matenda a autism kuzipatala za miyezi 18 ndi 24. Ngati akuganiza kuti pali kuchedwa kapena vuto, adzakutumizirani ku gawo lotsatira.

2. Kuwunika Konse: Pachifukwa ichi, munthu amatumizidwa kwa katswiri monga katswiri wa zamaganizo a ana kapena dokotala wa ana wodziwa za chitukuko ndi khalidwe. Amafufuza khalidwe la mwanayo, kulankhulana, ndi luso lake loganiza. Amafunsa makolo mafunso. Nthawi zina, amapemphanso thandizo kwa katswiri wa matenda olankhula komanso katswiri wa zamaganizo.

Kodi mankhwala a autism ndi ati?

Choyamba, kumbukirani kuti palibe 'piritsi lamatsenga' lomwe lingachiritse matenda a autism kotheratu. Koma kuyamba chithandizo msanga kungathandize mwana wanu kukulitsa luso lake ndikuthana ndi mavuto ake. Chithandizo chimasiyana malinga ndi munthu aliyense.

Zina mwa njira zazikulu zochizira ndi izi:

• Mankhwala Ochiritsira Khalidwe: Amathandiza kulimbikitsa khalidwe labwino ndikuletsa khalidwe losafunikira. Kusanthula Khalidwe Logwiritsidwa Ntchito (ABA) ndi njira yodziwika bwino yochiritsira yomwe ili m'gululi.
• Mankhwala Ochizira Matenda: Chithandizo cha Kulankhula chimathandiza luso lolankhulana. Chithandizo cha Ntchito chimathandiza luso la tsiku ndi tsiku monga kuvala ndi kudya.
• Mankhwala Ophunzitsira: Kukonza njira zophunzitsira kuti zigwirizane ndi zosowa za mwana.
• Mankhwala: Ngakhale kuti palibe mankhwala a autism, madokotala nthawi zina amapereka mankhwala kuti athetse mavuto ena okhudzana ndi matendawa (monga kuchita zinthu mopitirira muyeso, nkhawa, kusowa tulo).

Kodi mungathandize bwanji ngati kholo?

Ngati mwana wanu ali ndi vuto la autism, chikondi chanu ndi chithandizo chanu ndizo mphamvu zake zazikulu.

• Thandizo pakulankhulana: Mukamalankhula ndi mwana wanu, tchulani dzina lake. Lankhulani pang'onopang'ono, m'mawu osavuta komanso omveka bwino. Gwiritsani ntchito zithunzi ndi zizindikiro.
• Pangani ndondomeko yokhazikika:Ana omwe ali ndi autism sakonda kusintha, choncho sungani zinthu monga nthawi ya chakudya, nthawi yosewera, ndi nthawi yogona nthawi zonse.
• Thandizani mavuto ogona: Yesani kugona nthawi yomweyo tsiku lililonse. Pangani chipinda chanu kukhala chamdima komanso chete.
• Thandizani kukulitsa luso locheza ndi anthu: Musamukakamize mwana wanu. Muzichita nawo zinthu za m'magulu ang'onoang'ono. Mupatseni nthawi yophunzira luso locheza ndi anthu.