Chitetezo cha mthupi lanu, chitetezo cha mthupi chomwe chimakutetezani ku matenda, nthawi zina chimayamba kuukira maselo anu athanzi. Matendawa amatchedwa matenda odziyimira pawokha. Ndi omwe adadwala matendawa okha omwe amadziwa momwe zimakhalira zovuta kukhala ndi ululu wa mafupa, kutupa, ndi kuuma komwe kumayambitsa. Ndiye, kodi dokotala wanu wakupatsani mtundu wa mankhwala otchedwa DMARD? Kapena mwamvapo za iwo? Lero, tiyeni tikambirane za ma DMARD awa, momwe amagwirira ntchito, komanso zomwe muyenera kudziwa za iwo.
Kodi ma DMARD ndi chiyani? Mwachidule...
Ma DMARD amaimira Mankhwala Oletsa Kupweteka kwa Nyamakazi Osintha Matenda . Ngakhale kuti dzinali likumveka lovuta pang'ono, ntchito yake ndi yosavuta. Awa ndi mankhwala apadera omwe amaletsa chitetezo cha mthupi lanu kuti chisagwire ntchito mopitirira muyeso ndikuwononga thupi lanu.
Ganizirani chitetezo chanu cha mthupi ngati gulu lankhondo loteteza dziko. Kawirikawiri, gulu lankhondoli limangoukira adani akunja (majeremusi). Koma pa matenda odziteteza okha, gulu lankhondoli limasochera ndikuukira anthu osalakwa m'dziko lawo (minofu yathanzi m'thupi). Chimene a DMARD amachita ndikuchepetsa gulu lankhondo lochita zinthu mopitirira muyeso ndikuliyambitsanso kugwira ntchito bwino.
Ubwino waukulu womwe mumapeza kuchokera ku mankhwalawa ndi:
- Amachepetsa kutupa m'thupi, zomwe zikutanthauza kutupa, kufiira, ndi kupweteka.
- Amachepetsa ululu.
- Amachepetsa kufalikira kapena kuopsa kwa matendawa.
- Amachepetsa kapena amaletsa kuwonongeka kwa mafupa ndi mafupa anu chifukwa cha matendawa.
- Zimathandiza kuti mafupa azigwira ntchito bwino.
Kodi ma DMARD amagwiritsidwa ntchito pa matenda ati?
Madokotala amagwiritsa ntchito kwambiri mankhwala a DMARD polimbana ndi matenda osiyanasiyana a autoimmune omwe amayambitsa kutupa. Mwina munamvapo za ena mwa awa.
| Dzina la matenda (Mkhalidwe) | Chiyambi chachidule |
|---|---|
| Matenda a Nyamakazi | Matenda ofala omwe amayambitsa kupweteka, kutupa, ndi kuuma kwa malo olumikizirana mafupa. |
| Ankylosing Spondylitis | Mtundu wa nyamakazi womwe umakhudza kwambiri msana. |
| Matenda a Nyamakazi | Psoriasis ndi mtundu wa nyamakazi womwe umapezeka mwa anthu ena omwe ali ndi psoriasis. |
| Lupus | Matenda omwe angakhudze ziwalo zosiyanasiyana monga khungu, mafupa, impso, ndi ubongo. |
| Matenda a Nyamakazi a Ana Osazindikira | Matenda a nyamakazi kwa ana osakwana zaka 16. |
| Scleroderma | Matenda omwe khalidwe lake lalikulu ndi kuuma ndi kukhuthala kwa khungu. |
| Matenda a Multiple Sclerosis | Matenda a mitsempha omwe amakhudza ubongo ndi msana. |
Kuphatikiza apo, ma DMARD sagwiritsidwanso ntchito kawirikawiri pa mitundu ina ya khansa komanso uveitis, matenda otupa a diso omwe sanayankhe mankhwala ena.
Kodi pali mitundu iti ya DMARD?
Ma DMARD akhoza kugawidwa m'magulu awiri akuluakulu.
1. Ma DMARD Achikhalidwe
Awa ndi mtundu woyamba wa DMARD womwe wapezeka. Mankhwalawa amagwira ntchito potonthoza chitetezo chamthupi chonse . Popeza alibe zotsatirapo zoyipa zambiri, dokotala wanu mwina angakupatseni mankhwala amtunduwu kaye. Nthawi zambiri amamwedwa ngati mapiritsi.
Zitsanzo zina:
- `Azathioprine`
- `Hydroxychloroquine`
- `Leflunomide`
- 'Methotrexate'
- 'Sulfasalazine'
2. Biological DMARDs (Biologics)
Izi ndi mankhwala atsopano komanso apamwamba. Ali ngati zida zodulira. Sakhudza chitetezo chamthupi chonse monga mankhwala achikhalidwe a DMARD,Amalimbana ndi maselo enieni a chitetezo chamthupi omwe akuyambitsa vutoli.
Mankhwalawa nthawi zambiri amakhala amphamvu komanso ogwira mtima kuposa mankhwala achikhalidwe a DMARD. Komabe, alinso ndi chiopsezo chachikulu cha zotsatirapo zoyipa. Ngati simukuchira ndi mankhwala achikhalidwe, dokotala wanu angasankhe kuyamba kumwa mankhwala amtunduwu ngati gawo lotsatira.
Izi nthawi zambiri zimaperekedwa ngati njira yothira m'mitsempha (IV), kapena ngati njira yodzibaya yokha pansi pa khungu. Ngati mukufuna kugwiritsa ntchito jakisoni wotere, dokotala wanu kapena namwino adzakuphunzitsani momwe mungaperekere jakisoniyo mosamala komanso moyenera.
Kodi mankhwala a DMARD ali ndi zotsatirapo zoyipa?
Monga mankhwala ena aliwonse, mankhwala a DMARD angayambitse zotsatira zina zoyipa. Komabe, si aliyense amene amalandira mankhwalawa. Izi zimatha kusiyana malinga ndi mtundu wa mankhwala omwe mumalandira.
Chofunika: Musachite mantha mukawerenga za zotsatirapo izi. Dokotala wanu adzayesa mosamala zoopsa ndi ubwino wake asanakupatseni mankhwala awa. Adzakuphunzitsaninso momwe mungathanirane ndi mavuto aliwonse omwe angabuke.
| Mtundu wa zotsatira zoyipa | Zizindikiro zomwe zingatheke |
|---|---|
| Zotsatirapo zomwe zimapezeka pa mitundu yonse iwiri ya mankhwala | |
| Kuwonjezeka kwa chiopsezo cha matenda | Chifukwa chakuti imachepetsa chitetezo chamthupi, matenda monga chimfine ndi fuluwenza amatha kufalikira mosavuta (chiopsezochi chimakhala chokwera kwambiri ndi sayansi ya zamoyo). |
| Kuchepa kwa maselo amagazi | Pakhoza kukhala kuchepa kwa maselo oyera a m'magazi (leukopenia), maselo ofiira a m'magazi (anemia), kapena ma platelet (thrombocytopenia). |
| Ma enzyme okwera a chiwindi | Izi zitha kuzindikirika kudzera mu mayeso a magazi. |
| Zotsatira zoyipa zomwe zimagwirizana ndi mankhwala achikhalidwe a DMARD | |
| Mavuto a m'mimba | Kusowa chilakolako cha chakudya, nseru, kusanza, kupweteka m'mimba, kutsegula m'mimba. |
| Mavuto a khungu | Kutupa pakhungu. |
| Zotsatira zoyipa zokhudzana ndi biologics | |
| Kuwonekera kwa matenda obisika | Matenda monga chifuwa chachikulu ndi herpes, omwe akhala atakhala m'thupi atachiritsidwa kale, amatha kubwereranso. |
| Zina | Kuchuluka kwa mafuta m'thupi, chiopsezo chowonjezeka cha magazi kuundana, kufiira kapena kutupa pamalo obayira jakisoni. |
Kodi mankhwalawa amayamba kugwira ntchito mofulumira bwanji?
Nayi vuto lomwe anthu ambiri ali nalo. Mankhwala a DMARD si mtundu wa mankhwala omwe mumangomwa ndikumva bwino, monga mankhwala ochepetsa ululu. Mankhwalawa amatha kutenga milungu ingapo mpaka mwezi umodzi kapena kuposerapo kuti athetse chitetezo cha mthupi ndikuletsa zizindikiro.
Choncho, musasiye kumwa mankhwala chifukwa chakuti simukumva kusintha kwakukulu m'masabata oyamba. Ndikofunikira kwambiri kukhala oleza mtima ndikupitiriza kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwalawo monga momwe dokotala wanu wakuuzani.
Kodi muyenera kukaonananso ndi dokotala nthawi yanji?
Mukayamba kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala a DMARD, dokotala wanu adzafunika kukuonani nthawi ndi nthawi kuti aone ngati mankhwalawo akugwira ntchito komanso ngati pali zotsatirapo zina. Mungafunike kuyesedwa nthawi zina panthawiyi.
- Kuyezetsa magazi: Onani ngati mankhwala akugwira ntchito, ngati chiwindi chakhudzidwa, komanso ngati kuchuluka kwa maselo m'magazi kuli bwino.
- Yesani matenda: Yang'anani matenda obisika, makamaka ngati mukumwa mankhwala a biologic.
- Mayeso ojambulira zithunzi monga X-ray: Onani momwe kuwonongeka kwa mafupa kumasinthira pakapita nthawi.
Ngati muwona zotsatirapo zina zatsopano, ngati zizindikiro zanu zikuipiraipira, kapena ngati mankhwalawo sakugwira ntchito bwino monga kale, uzani dokotala wanu nthawi yomweyo.
Mankhwala a DMARD angawoneke ovuta pang'ono poyamba. Pali mitundu yambiri ya mankhwala, ndi mayina osiyanasiyana. Koma musadandaule. Dokotala wanu adzakuthandizani kusankha mankhwala ogwirizana ndi vuto lanu, amapereka zotsatira zabwino kwambiri, komanso alibe zotsatirapo zoyipa zambiri. Musazengereze kumufunsa mafunso aliwonse omwe mungakhale nawo.
Uthenga Wopita Nawo Kunyumba
- Mankhwala a DMARD ndi mtundu wapadera wa mankhwala omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito pochiza matenda odziteteza okha. Amagwira ntchito potonthoza chitetezo chamthupi chanu.
- Mankhwalawa sagwira ntchito nthawi yomweyo monga mankhwala ochepetsa ululu. Zingatenge milungu kapena miyezi kuti muwone zotsatira. Choncho khalani oleza mtima ndipo pitirizani kuwagwiritsa ntchito.
- Anthu ena, ngakhale kuti si aliyense, akhoza kukhala ndi zotsatirapo zake. Chifukwa chake, ndikofunikira kuti nthawi zonse muzionana ndi dokotala wanu.
- Musasinthe mlingo wolembedwa kapena kusiya kumwa mankhwala mwadzidzidzi popanda upangiri wa dokotala.
- Ngati muli ndi mafunso okhudza mankhwala anu kapena matenda anu, funsani dokotala wanu.
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