Mukapita kukaonana ndi dokotala, nthawi zina amakulemberani mankhwala omwe simukudziwa dzina lake, sichoncho? Makamaka tikamalankhula za mankhwala okhudzana ndi thanzi la maganizo, tingakhale ndi chidwi pang'ono, mwinanso mantha pang'ono. Lero tikambirana za gulu limodzi la mankhwala ovuta pang'ono, koma ofunikira kwambiri. Limenelo ndi gulu la mankhwala otchedwa Dopamine Antagonists. Musachite mantha mukamva dzinalo, tiyeni timvetse mosavuta.
Kodi kwenikweni dopamine antagonists ndi chiyani?
Tisanamvetse izi, tiyenera kudziwa kuti "Dopamine" ndi chiyani. Mwachidule, dopamine ndi mthenga wa mankhwala muubongo mwathu. M'mawu azachipatala, timatcha izi kuti neurotransmitter. Tangoganizani kuti chidziwitso chimasinthidwa pakati pa maselo muubongo mwathu kudzera mwa amithenga awa.
Maselo muubongo wathu ali ndi ziwalo zotchedwa "receptors." Izi zili ngati makiyi omwe amalowa mu bowo la kiyi. Mtumiki wotchedwa dopamine ndiye kiyi yomwe imalowa mu bowo la kiyi. Kiyi iyi (dopamine) ikapita ndikulumikizana ndi bowo la kiyi (receptor), selo lomwe likukambidwalo "limayatsidwa."
Tsopano onani, mankhwala otchedwa dopamine antagonist amachita chinthu chachilendo kwambiri. Mankhwalawa amapitanso ku kiyi imeneyo (receptor) ndikuyiyika. Koma sayambitsa selo. Ali ngati kiyi wosweka womangika mu kiyi. Ndiko kuti, mankhwalawa amaletsa kiyi yeniyeni, yomwe ndi dopamine, kuti isafike ndikulumikizana ndi kiyi.
Mwachidule, mankhwala awa amagwira ntchito polamulira ntchito ya dopamine muubongo kufika pamlingo wofunikira. Kulamulira kumeneku n'kofunika kwambiri chifukwa kuchuluka kwa dopamine kumawonjezeka mosafunikira m'matenda ena amisala.
Kodi mankhwalawa amagwiritsidwa ntchito pa matenda otani?
Mankhwala oletsa dopamine akhoza kugawidwa m'magulu awiri akuluakulu:
1. Mankhwala oletsa matenda amisala: Awa ndi omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri.
2. Mankhwala oletsa kutsekula m'mimba: Mankhwala ena amagwera m'magulu onse awiriwa.
Kwa matenda amisala (Antipsychotics)
Mankhwalawa ndi ofunikira kwambiri pochiza matenda awa:
- Schizophrenia ndi matenda ena amisala okhudzana nawo
- Matenda a bipolar
- Matenda osokonezeka maganizo
- Kupusa Kwambiri
- Matenda aakulu a maganizo okhala ndi zizindikiro za psychotic kapena opanda
- Kusokonezeka kwakukulu
- Matenda amisala omwe amayamba chifukwa chogwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo
Mankhwala oletsa kusanza ndi nseru (Antiemetics)
Ngakhale kusanza ndi nseru ndi vuto laling'ono kwa anthu ena, nthawi zina zimatha kukhala zoopsa. Mwachitsanzo, mankhwalawa amathandiza kuchepetsa kusanza kwambiri panthawi ya chemotherapy kwa odwala khansa. Amagwiritsidwanso ntchito poletsa nseru ndi kusanza komwe kumachitika chifukwa cha mankhwala oletsa ululu pambuyo pa opaleshoni.
| Gulu la mankhwala | Zitsanzo zina zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri |
|---|---|
| Mankhwala Oletsa Kusokonezeka Maganizo a M'badwo Woyamba (Wamba) | Haloperidol, Chlorpromazine, Fluphenazine |
| Mankhwala amisala a m'badwo wachiwiri (Atypical) | Olanzapine, Risperidone, Quetiapine, Aripiprazole, Clozapine |
| Mankhwala oletsa kutsekula m'mimba | Metoclopramide, Prochlorperazine, Domperidone (yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito ku Sri Lanka) |
Chofunika: Izi ndi zitsanzo zochepa chabe. Dokotala wanu yekha ndi amene angakuuzeni chithandizo chabwino kwambiri.
Kodi ubwino wa mankhwala awa ndi wotani?
Mankhwalawa angathandize kwambiri anthu ambiri omwe akudwala matenda amisala kuti akhale ndi moyo wabwinobwino. Popanda mankhwala amenewa, odwala ena akhoza kugonekedwa m'chipatala moyo wawo wonse. Mankhwalawa amatha kuteteza odwala ku mavuto ndikuwalola kukhala bwino m'gulu.
Komanso, kusanza kwambiri panthawi yolandira chithandizo cha khansa kungakhale koopsa. Pazochitika zotere, mankhwala awa amagwira ntchito ngati opulumutsa moyo.
Tidziwenso za zotsatirapo zake ndi zoopsa zake.
Monga mankhwala ena aliwonse, mankhwala oletsa dopamine angayambitse zotsatirapo zoyipa. Izi zimatha kusiyana malinga ndi mtundu wa mankhwala omwe mumamwa, mlingo, ndi thanzi lanu. Ngati mukukumana ndi zotsatirapo zoyipa, musasiye kumwa mankhwalawo ndipo uzani dokotala wanu nthawi yomweyo.
| Zotsatirapo zomwe zingatheke | Kufotokozera kosavuta |
|---|---|
| Kupumula | Ndi chinthu chomwe anthu ambiri amakumana nacho. Chingayambitse kutopa ndi kugona. |
| Mavuto okhudzana ndi kuyenda | Zinthu monga kusakhazikika (akathisia), kugwedezeka kwa minofu kosadzifunira kapena kugwedezeka (dystonia), ndi kusuntha kwa minofu kosadzifunira kwa nthawi yayitali pankhope kapena m'thupi (tardive dyskinesia). |
| Kuthamanga kwa magazi kotsika | Mukaimirira mwadzidzidzi, maso anu amatha kukhala abuluu ndipo mungamve kukomoka (Orthostatic hypotension). |
| Kusintha kwa mahomoni | Kuwonjezeka kwa mahomoni otchedwa prolactin kungayambitse akazi kusiya kusamba ndi kutulutsa madzi ngati mkaka m'mabere awo. |
| Matenda a Malignant a Neuroleptic | Uwu ndi matenda osowa kwambiri koma oopsa, omwe amaika moyo pachiswe. Ngati mukuona zizindikiro monga kutentha thupi kwambiri, kuuma kwa minofu, komanso kusokonezeka, muyenera kupita kuchipatala nthawi yomweyo. |
Kodi ndingayendetse galimoto ndikumwa mankhwala awa?
Mankhwala ambiri oletsa dopamine angayambitse kugona komanso kuchepa kwa tcheru. Chifukwa chake, ndi bwino kupewa kuyendetsa galimoto kapena kugwiritsa ntchito makina omwe amafunikira tcheru poyamba mukamamwa mankhwalawa kapena mukasintha mlingo. Ndi bwino kufunsa dokotala wanu za izi ndikutsatira malangizo ake.
Uthenga Wopita Nawo Kunyumba
- Mankhwala oletsa dopamine ndi gulu lofunika kwambiri la mankhwala omwe amaletsa ntchito ya mankhwala otchedwa dopamine muubongo ndipo amagwiritsidwa ntchito pochiza matenda amisala ndi kusanza.
- Mankhwalawa amalola anthu ambiri kukhala ndi moyo wabwinobwino komanso wathanzi.
- Monga mankhwala ena onse, izi zitha kukhala ndi zotsatirapo zoyipa, makamaka mavuto oyenda komanso kugona.
- Musasiye kumwa mankhwalawa kapena kusintha mlingo popanda upangiri wa dokotala. Kuchita zimenezi kungakhale koopsa.
- Ngati mukukumana ndi zotsatirapo zilizonse, lankhulani ndi dokotala wanu za izo momasuka. Zotsatirapo zambiri zimatha kuthetsedwa.
- Ndikofunikira kwambiri kuuza dokotala wanu za mankhwala ena aliwonse omwe mukumwa.
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