Kodi munayamba mwaganizapo kuti magazi omwe ali mkati mwa thupi lathu akusinthidwa nthawi zonse? Thupi lathu ndi fakitale yodabwitsa kwambiri. Ntchito yofunika kwambiri yomwe imachitika mufakitale iyi tsiku lonse ndikupanga maselo ofiira a magazi, kutanthauza maselo ofiira m'magazi. Ngati nthawi zonse mukumva kutopa komanso opanda moyo, chifukwa chake chingakhale kusowa kwa maselo ofiira a magazi. Chifukwa chake lero tikambirana za njira yodabwitsa iyi, yomwe ndi 'erythropoiesis'.
Mwachidule, kodi erythropoiesis ndi chiyani?
Erythropoiesis ndi njira yomwe thupi lathu limapanga maselo ofiira a magazi, kapena ma erythrocyte m'njira yachipatala. Izi zili ngati pamene amayi athu aphika chakudya chatsopano chakudya chikatha. Maselo ofiira akale m'thupi lathu amafa pakapita nthawi. Chifukwa chake, njira imeneyi ndiyo imapanga maselo ofiira atsopano m'malo mwake.
Izi zimasunga kuchuluka kwa maselo ofiira m'magazi athu pamlingo woyenera, osawonjezeka kapena kuchepa kwambiri.
Nanga n’chifukwa chiyani maselo ofiira a magazi ndi ofunikira kwambiri kwa ife?
Tangoganizirani ntchito yotumizira katundu yomwe imatumiza katundu m'thupi lanu lonse. Maselo ofiira a magazi amachitadi zimenezo.
- Kupereka Mpweya: Tikamapuma, mpweya umene umalowa m'mapapo mwathu umapita ku selo lililonse ndi minofu m'thupi mwathu ndi maselo ofiira a magazi amenewa. Kuyambira muubongo mpaka kumapazi, chilichonse chimafunika mpweya kuti chikhale ndi moyo.
- Kuchotsa mpweya wa carbon dioxide: Komanso, mpweya wa carbon dioxide, womwe umatuluka m'maselo athu, umasonkhanitsidwa ndikubweretsedwa m'mapapo kuti tithe kuuchotsa m'thupi tikamapuma.
Mwachidule, popanda maselo ofiira a magazi, maselo a thupi lathu sangapulumuke.
Erythropoiesis ndi gawo limodzi chabe la njira yonse yopangira magazi m'thupi lathu, yotchedwa 'hematopoiesis.' Njira yonseyi imapanga mitundu yonse itatu ya maselo a magazi: maselo ofiira a magazi, maselo oyera a magazi, ndi ma platelet.
Kodi njirayi imachitika kuti m'thupi?
Malo omwe maselo ofiira a magazi amenewa amasintha pakapita nthawi.
Pamene mwana ali m'mimba (Fetal Erythropoiesis)
Magazi amayamba kupangika m'matupi athu ngakhale tisanabadwe.
- Pa masabata atatu: Magazi amayamba kupangidwa mu kapangidwe kotchedwa 'yolk sac', komwe kumapatsa mwana wosabadwayo chakudya choyamba.
- Pa miyezi 2-3: Magazi amapangika m'chiwindi ndi ndulu ya mwana wosabadwayo.
- Patatha miyezi 5: Magazi amayamba kupangika m'mafupa a mwana wosabadwayo.
Ana ndi akuluakulu
Tikabadwa, mafuta athu a m'mafupa amakhala fakitale yaikulu yopangira maselo ofiira a magazi. Iyi ndi gawo lofewa, lokhala ngati siponji mkati mwa mafupa athu.
- Muubwana: Magazi amapangidwa kuchokera ku mafupa a mafupa ambiri akuluakulu a thupi.
- Mu kukula: Magazi amapangidwa makamaka m'mafupa a mafupa angapo , monga mafupa a m'chiuno, mafupa a msana, nthiti, ndi fupa lathyathyathya pakati pa chifuwa (fupa la m'mawere).
Ulendo wa maselo ofiira a magazi
Izi sizichitika mwadzidzidzi. Selo limodzi lofiira la magazi liyenera kudutsa magawo angapo kuti likhale lokhwima mokwanira, kutanthauza kuti, ligwire ntchito. Ulendo wonse umatenga pafupifupi sabata imodzi .
Zonsezi zimayamba ndi selo lapadera lotchedwa 'Hematopoietic Stem Cell' (HSC). Izi zili ngati mbewu. Mbewu iyi imatha kukula kukhala chilichonse kuyambira maselo ofiira a magazi, maselo oyera a magazi, ndi ma platelet. Kuti ikhale selo lofiira la magazi, selo loyamba ili limadutsa magawo angapo.
Tebulo ili m'munsimu lingakuthandizeni kumvetsetsa bwino ulendowu.
| Gawo | Kufotokozera kosavuta |
|---|---|
| Selo Yoyambira (Hematopoietic Stem Cell - HSC) | Apa ndiye chiyambi cha selo lililonse la magazi, monga mbewu yomwe chomera chimamera. |
| Proerythroblast | Gawo loyamba lotsimikizika paulendo wopita ku kukhala maselo ofiira a magazi. |
| Erythroblast | Seloyo imachepa pang'onopang'ono ndipo imayamba kupanga hemoglobin, puloteni yomwe imanyamula mpweya. |
| Normoblast | Pa nthawi imeneyi, nucleus ya selo imachotsedwa, zomwe zimathandiza kuti selo lizitha kuyamwa hemoglobin yambiri. |
| Reticulocyte | Awa ndi maselo ofiira a m'magazi osakhwima. Apa ndi pamene amatulutsidwa kuchokera mu mafuta a m'mafupa kupita m'magazi. |
| Erythrocyte | Selo lofiira la magazi lokhwima mokwanira, lokonzeka kunyamula mpweya. |
Maselo ofiira opangidwa motere amakhala ndi moyo kwa masiku pafupifupi 120. Monga batire, maselowa amafa patatha masiku 120 akugwiritsidwa ntchito. Ichi ndichifukwa chake matupi athu nthawi zonse amafunika kupanga maselo ofiira atsopano.
Kodi thupi limadziwa bwanji kupanga magazi?
Iyi ndi njira yowongolera yodabwitsa kwambiri. Thupi lathu limalamulira kupanga maselo ofiira a magazi kutengera kuchuluka kwa mpweya m'thupi.
Tangoganizani kuti mukupita kudera lalitali lamapiri ngati Nuwara Eliya. Mukakwera mmwamba, mumamva kuti mukuvutika kupuma, eti? Izi zili choncho chifukwa mpweya womwe uli mumlengalenga ndi wochepa. Kenako mpweya womwe umafika m'thupi lathu umakhala wosakwanira. Tikutcha vutoli kuti hypoxia .
Apa ndi pamene impso zathu zimayamba kugwira ntchito.
Impso ndi zomwe nthawi zonse zimayang'anira kuchuluka kwa mpweya m'magazi mwathu. Zikazindikira kuti mpweya uli wochepa, impso zimatulutsa mahomoni apadera (chemical messenger) otchedwa Erythropoietin (EPO) m'magazi.
Umu ndi momwe njirayi imagwirira ntchito:
1. Minofu yanu sikupeza mpweya wokwanira.
2. Poyankha 'chizindikiro' chimenecho, impso zimatulutsa mahomoni ambiri `(EPO)`.
3. Homoni iyi (EPO) imayenda m'magazi ndi "kulankhula" ndi mafuta a m'mafupa, ndikuuza kuti "mwachangu, apange maselo ofiira ambiri amagazi!"
4. Imafulumizitsa kupanga maselo ofiira a magazi m'mafupa.
5. Maselo ofiira a m'magazi omwe apangidwa kumene amabwezeretsa mpweya wabwino m'magazi.
6. Mpweya ukabwerera mwakale, impso zimachepetsa kutuluka kwa EPO.
Matupi athu ndi abwino kwambiri pakusunga chilichonse bwino (homeostasis) mwanjira iyi. Amasunga mulingo woyenera, osalola kuti chikwere kwambiri kapena kutsika kwambiri.
Kodi chimachitika ndi chiyani ngati njira iyi yasokonekera?
Nthawi zina njira imeneyi yopangira maselo ofiira a magazi imatha kusokonekera. Kenako mavuto awiri akuluakulu angabuke. Kaya maselo ofiira ochepa kwambiri amapangidwa, kapena ambiri kwambiri amapangidwa.
| Mkhalidwe | Tanthauzo chabe | Mawonekedwe/makhalidwe okhudzidwa |
|---|---|---|
| Kuchepa kwa magazi m'thupi | Kuchuluka kwa maselo ofiira m'magazi (anemia). | Thupi limataya maselo ofiira okwanira kuti linyamule mpweya. Izi zingayambitse zizindikiro monga kutopa pafupipafupi, kufooka, kufiira, kupuma movutikira, komanso kumva kuzizira kwambiri . |
| Erythrocytosis | Kuchuluka kwa maselo ofiira m'magazi (kuchuluka kwa makulidwe a magazi). | Magazi akamakhuthala, kuyenda kwa magazi kumatha kulephereka. Zizindikiro monga mutu, kutopa, ndi chizungulire zimatha kuchitika. Nthawi zina, pamakhala chiopsezo cha magazi kuundana oopsa . |
Ngati muli ndi zizindikiro ngati izi, ndikofunikira kwambiri kuonana ndi dokotala ndikupempha upangiri popanda kupanga chisankho chilichonse nokha.
Zinthu zomwe zingakhudze kupanga maselo ofiira a magazi
Njirayi ingakhudzidwe ndi matenda osiyanasiyana komanso zinthu zina.
Matenda okhudzana ndi mapapo
Mukakhala ndi matenda opuma kwa nthawi yayitali monga mphumu ndi matenda a COPD, mpweya womwe thupi lanu limalandira umachepa. Thupi limayesetsa kupanga maselo ofiira ambiri kuti libwezeretse.
Khansa ya m'magazi ndi m'mafupa
Mu matenda a khansa monga khansa ya m'magazi ndi lymphoma, ntchito ya m'mafupa imasokonekera. Zotsatira zake, kupanga maselo ofiira a m'magazi kungachepe kapena maselo osazolowereka angapangidwe.
Zifukwa zina
- Kusowa zakudya: Kuti mupange magazi abwino, muyenera zosakaniza zabwino. Iron, vitamini B12, ndi folate ndi michere yofunika kwambiri. Ngati simupeza izi zokwanira kudzera mu zakudya zanu, thupi lanu silingathe kupanga maselo ofiira a magazi moyenera, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti musakhale ndi magazi okwanira m'thupi.
- Matenda a impso:Popeza homoni ya `(EPO)` imapangidwa ndi impso, ngati impso zawonongeka, kupanga kwa `(EPO)` kungachepe ndipo kupanga maselo ofiira a magazi kungachepenso.
Uthenga Wopita Nawo Kunyumba
- Njira yopangira maselo ofiira a magazi, kapena erythropoiesis, ndi chinthu chodabwitsa chomwe chimachitika nthawi zonse komanso chokha m'thupi lathu.
- Njira imeneyi imayendetsedwa makamaka ndi mahomoni otchedwa EPO, omwe amatulutsidwa ndi impso.
- Ngati nthawi zonse mumakhala ndi zizindikiro monga kutopa, kufooka, komanso kupuma movutikira, izi zitha kukhala chizindikiro cha kuchepa kwa magazi m'thupi . Ngati zili choncho, onetsetsani kuti mwaonana ndi dokotala wanu kuti akupatseni malangizo.
- Kudya zakudya zopatsa thanzi zokhala ndi chitsulo chochuluka (nyama, nsomba, nyemba, sipinachi), vitamini B12 (mkaka, mazira), ndi folate (masamba obiriwira, nyemba) ndikofunikira kwambiri kuti maselo ofiira a m'magazi akhale athanzi.
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