Ngati ndinu mayi woyembekezera, dokotala wanu mwina anakuuzani za 'NT scan', kapena 'first-trimester screening'. Kumva dzinali kungakupangitseni kukhala ndi mantha komanso chidwi. Koma kwenikweni ndi mayeso osavuta, ndipo palibe choopa. M'nkhaniyi, tikambirana zonse zomwe muyenera kudziwa zokhudza NT scan iyi.
Kodi NT scan ndi chiyani kwenikweni?
Mwachidule, NT scan ndi ultrasound scan yapadera yomwe imachitika m'miyezi itatu yoyambirira ya mimba yanu, pakati pa milungu 11 ndi 14. Dzina lonse la izi ndi Nuchal Translucency scan. Imayang'ana makamaka chiopsezo cha mwana wanu kukhala ndi matenda enaake a majini, monga Down syndrome.
Kawirikawiri, kusanthula kumeneku kumaphatikizidwa ndi mayeso ena angapo a magazi. Mayeso a magazi awa amayang'ana kuchuluka kwa mahomoni ndi mapuloteni ena m'magazi mwanu. Mwachitsanzo:
- Beta yaulere - Human Chorionic Gonadotropin (b-hCG)
- Puloteni ya plasma yogwirizana ndi mimba (PAPP-A)
- Alpha-fetoprotein (AFP)
Mahomoni ndi mapuloteni amenewa amapezeka m'thupi la mayi aliyense woyembekezera. Koma ngati mwana ali ndi vuto monga Down syndrome , kuchuluka kwake kungakhale kotsika kapena kokwera kuposa kwachibadwa. Pamene NT scan ndi magazi awa achitika pamodzi, timatcha 'combined first trimester screening' . Zotsatira zake zimakhala zolondola kwambiri zikachitika pamodzi.
Kodi scan iyi ikufuna chiyani kwenikweni?
Ichi ndi chinthu chosangalatsa kwambiri. Mwana aliyense amene amakula m'mimba amakhala ndi nembanemba yopyapyala pansi pa khungu kumbuyo kwa khosi lake, yodzaza ndi madzi pang'ono. Timatcha izi kuti 'nuchal fold'. Ichi ndi chinthu chomwe mwana aliyense wathanzi ali nacho.
Komabe, mwa makanda omwe ali ndi matenda enaake a majini, madzi ambiri kuposa achizolowezi amasonkhana mu 'nuchal fold' iyi. Kenako nembanembayo imakhala yokulirapo pang'ono. NT scan imayesa makulidwe amenewo.
Kutengera ndi makulidwe amenewa, n'zotheka kuwerengera chiopsezo cha mwana kukhala ndi vuto linalake la majini.
| Kuwunika Mkhalidwe | Kufotokozera Kosavuta |
|---|---|
| Matenda a Down (Down syndrome / Trisomy 21) | Matenda omwe maselo athu amakhala ndi kopi yowonjezera ya chromosome 21, kapena makope atatu, m'malo mwa awiri omwe nthawi zambiri timakhala nawo m'maselo athu. Izi zingakhudze kukula kwa nzeru ndi thupi. |
| Trisomy 13 ndi 18 | Izi zikufanana ndi Down syndrome. Pano, pali kopi yowonjezera ya chromosome 13 kapena 18. Izi ndi matenda omwe amayambitsa zilema zazikulu kwambiri zobadwa nazo. |
| Matenda a Turner | Matenda omwe amakhudza makanda achikazi okha omwe ali ndi chromosome ya X. Pankhaniyi, gawo lina kapena chromosome yonse ya X ikusowa. Izi zingayambitse mavuto a chitukuko ndi mavuto a mtima. |
| Matenda a mtima obadwa nawo | Zilema zina za mtima zimakhalapo pobadwa. Zina zimatha kupha munthu, pomwe zina sizingayambitse mavuto. |
Koma ndikofunikira kukumbukira izi: Kujambula kwa NT ndi mayeso owunikira , osati mayeso ozindikira matenda . Izi zikutanthauza kuti sizikutsimikizira 100% kuti mwana wanu ali ndi matenda awa. Zimangowonetsa ngati chiopsezo chotenga matendawa ndi chachikulu kapena chochepa.
Kuwonjezera pa mfundo yaikulu iyi, dokotala adzayang'anira zinthu zina zingapo akamachita scan iyi.
- Kodi mwana wanu akukula bwino?
- Kodi pali ana angati m'mimba?
- Ngati ndi mapasa, kodi ali ndi placenta imodzi?
- Onetsetsani kuti mukudziwa nthawi yeniyeni yomwe muli ndi pakati .
Kodi chimachitika ndi chiyani mukachita NT scan?
Iyi ndi njira yojambulira yachibadwa monga njira ina iliyonse yojambulira yomwe mudachitapo kale. Palibe chapadera. Mudzapemphedwa kumwa magalasi awiri kapena atatu amadzi pafupifupi ola limodzi musanajambulire. Chifukwa chake ndi chakuti zimakhala zosavuta kuwona mwana bwino pamene chikhodzodzo chanu chadzaza. Choncho musakodze musanajambulire. Ngakhale kuti zingamveke ngati sizikumveka bwino, zithandiza kuti scan iyende bwino.
Mukalowa m'chipinda chojambulira, mudzapemphedwa kuti mugone pabedi. Katswiriyo adzapaka jeli pang'ono pamimba panu ndikulowetsa chida chaching'ono (ndodo/chofufuzira) kuti mujambule zithunzi. Mudzamva kupanikizika pang'ono panthawiyi, koma sikudzakhala kopweteka . Zithunzi zofunika zikajambulidwa, kujambulidwako kumatha. Mutha kupita kunyumba monga mwachizolowezi.
Kodi ndikofunikira kuchita scan iyi?
Ayi. Kujambula NT si mayeso okakamiza. Ndi chinthu chosankha. Izi zikutanthauza kuti muli ndi ufulu wonse wosankha ngati mukufuna kapena ayi.
Makolo ena amakonda kuchita mayesowa ndikupeza pasadakhale za zoopsa za thanzi la mwana wawo. Mwanjira imeneyi, ngati pali mwana wosowa thandizo lapadera, amakhala ndi nthawi yokonzekera m'maganizo komanso m'njira zina zonse kuti asamalire mwanayo.
Komanso, makolo ena amaganiza kuti mayeso otere angayambitse nkhawa zosafunikira. Angasankhe kusachita mayesowo ngati zotsatira zake sizisintha momwe amasamalirira mwana wawo. Zosankha zonse ziwiri ndi zolondola. Chofunika kwambiri ndichakuti inu ndi mnzanu mupange chisankho chomwe chili chabwino kwa inu, pamodzi ndi dokotala wanu ngati pakufunika kutero.
Kodi mungamvetse bwanji zotsatira za scan?
Pamene mwana akukula m'mimba, nuchal fold yomwe tidatchula kale imakulanso pang'onopang'ono. Chifukwa chake, muyeso womwe umapezeka panthawi yojambula umayerekezeredwa ndi muyeso wapakati wa ana ena athanzi azaka zomwezo.
| Zotsatira | Kufotokozera |
|---|---|
| Zotsatira zapakati (Chiwopsezo Chochepa) | Ndizabwinobwino kuti muyeso ukhale mpaka mamilimita awiri (2mm) pa masabata 11 ndipo ukhale mpaka mamilimita 2.8 (2.8mm) pa masabata 13 ndi masiku 6. Izi zikutanthauza kuti mwana ali pachiwopsezo chochepa chokhala ndi matenda a majini. |
| Zotsatira zosazolowereka (Chiwopsezo Chachikulu) | Ngati muyeso uli pamwamba pa mulingo woyenera womwe watchulidwa pamwambapa, umaonedwa ngati "woopsa kwambiri". Izi sizikutanthauza kuti mwana ali ndi matenda, koma zimangotanthauza kuti chiopsezo chake ndi chachikulu kuposa chachibadwa. |
Dokotala wanu sadzagwiritsa ntchito muyeso uwu wokha, komanso zaka zanu ndi zotsatira za mayeso a magazi kuti apeze matenda omaliza. Akaphatikizidwa, NT scan ndi mayeso a magazi zimatha kulosera zoopsa za matenda a majini molondola pafupifupi 85% .
Komabe, pali mwayi wa 5% woti mwana akhale ndi "zotsatira zabodza". Izi zikutanthauza kuti mwana akhoza kukhala pachiwopsezo chachikulu, ngakhale palibe mavuto.
Kodi mungachite chiyani ngati zotsatira za NT scan sizikuyenda bwino?
Choyamba, musachite mantha . Zotsatira za 'chiopsezo chachikulu' sizitanthauza kuti pali vuto ndi mwana. Zimangotanthauza kuti pakufunika kuyezetsa kwina.
Dokotala wanu adzakupatsani mayeso ena omwe mungawachite. Mayesowa angakuthandizeni kupeza matenda molondola 100%.
- Chorionic Villus Sampling (CVS): Apa, chidutswa chaching'ono kwambiri cha minofu chimatengedwa kuchokera ku placenta ndikuwunikidwa.
- Amniocentesis: Izi zimaphatikizapo kutenga chitsanzo cha madzi amniotic m'chiberekero ndikuchiyesa.
- Kuyezetsa DNA (cfDNA) musanabadwe: Iyi ndi njira yosavuta yoyezetsa magazi yomwe imafufuza zidutswa za DNA ya mwana wanu m'magazi mwanu kuti ione ngati ali ndi matenda a majini . ( Iyi ndi njira yosavuta yoyezetsa magazi yomwe imafufuza zidutswa za DNA ya mwana wanu m'magazi mwanu kuti ione ngati ali ndi matenda a majini.)
Dokotala wanu adzakufotokozerani zabwino, zoyipa, ndi zoopsa za mayeso aliwonsewa, malinga ndi momwe zinthu zilili. Kenako, mutha kusankha ngati mukufuna kuwayesa kapena ayi.
Uthenga Wopita Nawo Kunyumba
- Kujambula kwa NT ndi mayeso otetezeka komanso osapweteka a ultrasound omwe amachitidwa mu trimester yoyamba ya mimba.
- Sikofunikira kuchita izi. Zili ndi udindo wanu wonse.
- Izi zimayesa chiopsezo cha matenda a majini monga Down syndrome, koma sizikutsimikizira kupezeka kwa matendawa.
- Ngati mwalandira zotsatira za 'chiopsezo chachikulu', musachite mantha, koma lankhulani ndi dokotala wanu kuti akuyeseninso.
- Musazengereze kukambirana ndi dokotala wanu za mavuto anu onse ndi kukayikira kwanu.
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