Tiyeni tiphunzire za Geographic Atrophy, yomwe imakhudza masomphenya anu pang'onopang'ono.

Kodi nthawi zina mumamva ngati masomphenya anu akuchepa pang'onopang'ono, makamaka mukayang'ana patsogolo, ndipo pakati pa maso anu sipakuwoneka bwino, ngati malo amdima? Kodi zimakuvutani kuwerenga buku kapena nyuzipepala, kapena kuwona zinthu mumdima? Chifukwa chake, lero tikambirana za Geographic Atrophy, matenda a maso omwe angachitike mwa anthu ena okalamba. Musadandaule, ndikofunikira kwambiri kudziwa izi.

Kodi Geographic Atrophy ndi chiyani?

Mwachidule, Geographic Atrophy ndi dzina lachipatala la gawo loopsa kwambiri, lomaliza la dry age-related macular degeneration (AMD), matenda omwe amakhudza maso tikamakalamba. Mwina munamvapo za macular degeneration. Apa ndi pamene macula , gawo lofunika kwambiri la retina mkati mwa maso athu, limawonongeka.

Taganizirani izi, zinthu zomwe mumaziona bwino mukaziyang'ana patsogolo, monga zilembo m'buku, kapena nkhope ya munthu, zonse ndi zinthu zomwe macula imatithandiza kuziona bwino. Chifukwa chake, pamene Geographic Atrophy ichitika, ndi masomphenya apakati omwe amakhudzidwa kwambiri. Komabe, masomphenya a m'mbali, kapena zinthu zomwe zimaoneka kuchokera mbali, zimatha kuwonekabe.

Matendawa nthawi zambiri amakhudza maso onse awiri (mbali zonse ziwiri). Munthu amene ali ndi vuto la geographic atrophy amatha kukhala ndi malo amdima (scotoma) pakati pa diso akamayang'ana kutsogolo, ndipo kuwona bwino kungachepe.

Kodi Geographic Atrophy ndi yofala bwanji?

Zimakhudza anthu opitilira 8 miliyoni padziko lonse lapansi. Geographic Atrophy imatha kukhudza anthu okwana 20% omwe ali ndi vuto la age-related macular degeneration (AMD). Chifukwa chake, sizachilendo.

Kodi zizindikiro za Geographic Atrophy ndi ziti?

Mu mkhalidwe uwu, mukhoza kuona zizindikiro monga:

• Kutaya luso la kuona: Kunena zoona, zinthu sizikumveka bwino komanso zikuoneka bwino.
• Kuvuta kuwerenga, kuyendetsa galimoto, ndi kugwira ntchito zamanja : Zingakhale zovuta kuchita ntchito iliyonse yomwe imafuna kuwona bwino. Zinthu monga kuwerenga zolemba zazing'ono mu nyuzipepala, kuonera TV, kapena kuyika ulusi pa singano zingakhale zovuta.
• Malo amdima, kapena malo osawona bwino, m'maso mwanu apakati: Malo okhawo omwe mumayang'ana ndi omwe amaoneka akuda, ngati malo opanda kanthu.
• Kuvuta kuona mu kuwala kochepa : Madzulo, zinthu sizimaonekera bwino m'malo opanda kuwala kwenikweni.
• Mitundu ikuyamba kuoneka yowala pang'ono kapena yosaoneka bwino kwenikweni : Zinthu zomwe kale zinkaoneka bwino mu utoto tsopano zitha kuoneka zowala pang'ono komanso zosaoneka bwino.

Chofunika kwambiri ndichakuti Geographic Atrophy ndi vuto lomwe limachitika kumapeto kwa kuwonongeka kwa macular komwe kumachitika chifukwa cha ukalamba. Chifukwa chake, simungazindikire zizindikiro zilizonse kumayambiriro , kapena simungazindikire kusiyana kwakukulu ngati diso limodzi lokha lakhudzidwa.

Kodi ndi zifukwa ziti zomwe zimayambitsa Geographic Atrophy?

Monga tanenera kale, iyi ndi gawo lomaliza la AMD youma. Ofufuza sakudziwabe chomwe chimayambitsa kusinthaku mkati mwa diso kuti kukhale kufooka kwa malo. Komabe, akuganiza kuti njira yotchedwa complement cascade , yomwe ndi gawo la chitetezo cha mthupi lathu, imakhudzidwa. Izi zikutanthauza kuti njira zina mu chitetezo cha thupi lathu zitha kukhala zosagwira ntchito bwino ndikuwonjezera kuwonongeka kumeneku. Kuphatikiza apo, zinthu za majini (monga zinthu zomwe zimadutsa kuchokera ku mibadwomibadwo kupita ku mibadwomibadwo) ndi zinthu zachilengedwe zithanso kukhala ndi gawo.

Chofunika kwambiri kukumbukira ndichakuti kufooka kwa malo si matenda opatsirana . Simungathe kuwafalitsa kwa wina.

Ndani ali pachiwopsezo chachikulu cha kufooka kwa malo?

Ngakhale kuti vutoli lingayambire aliyense, anthu ena ali pachiwopsezo chachikulu. Izi zikuphatikizapo:

• Anthu azaka 60 kapena kuposerapo.
• Anthu oyera (ngakhale kuti izi sizikugwirizana kwenikweni ndi Sri Lanka, ndibwino kudziwa).
• Anthu omwe ali ndi maso owala.
• Ngati wina m'banja mwanu ali ndi vuto la kuchepa kwa maso chifukwa cha ukalamba kapena matenda ena a majini omwe amakhudza maso.
• Anthu omwe amasuta kapena omwe adasuta kale.
• Anthu omwe amadya zakudya zopanda zipatso ndi ndiwo zamasamba, makamaka ndiwo zamasamba zobiriwira, ndi ofunikira kwambiri pa thanzi la maso.
• Anthu omwe ali padzuwa kwambiri.
• Anthu omwe ali ndi masomphenya a 20/200 kapena kuposerapo (masomphenya abwinobwino amaonedwa kuti ndi 20/20).

Kuphatikiza apo, anthu omwe ali ndi matenda ena monga:

• Kusowa zakudya m'thupi
• Kunenepa kwambiri
• Kuthamanga kwa magazi
• Cholesterol yambiri
• Matenda a Shuga (Diabetes Mellitus)
• Matenda a mtima

Kodi mavuto a Geographic Atrophy ndi ati?

Mwatsoka, kutayika kwa masomphenya chifukwa cha kuchepa kwa malo kumakhala kosatha . Mukataya masomphenya anu olunjika, zingakhale zovuta kuchita ntchito za tsiku ndi tsiku monga:

• Kuwerenga mabuku.
• Kuyendetsa galimoto.
• Kuzindikira nkhope za anthu.
• Kuchita zinthu zomwe mumakonda kuchita nthawi zonse, ntchito zapakhomo, kapena zaluso.

Izi zingapangitse moyo kukhala wovuta pang'ono, koma pali njira zokuthandizani kuthana ndi vutoli.

Kodi Geographic Atrophy imapezeka bwanji?

Dokotala wanu wa maso adzazindikira vutoli kudzera mu mayeso a maso ndi mayeso ena. Dokotala adzakufunsaninso za zizindikiro zanu, matenda ena aliwonse omwe muli nawo, komanso ngati pali aliyense m'banja mwanu amene wakhalapo ndi matenda ofanana ndi anu.

Ndi mayeso ati omwe amachitidwa pa izi?

Kuti adziwe matenda a geographic atrophy, dokotala wanu wa maso angafune mayeso monga:

• Fundus autofluorescence : Iyi ndi njira yojambulira zithunzi za retina mkati mwa diso. Mu izi, zinthu zina mu retina, monga lipofuscin , zimawala pansi pa kuwala kwapadera popanda kufunikira kwa madontho a maso. Izi zingathandize kuzindikira madera omwe awonongeka.
• Optical coherence tomography (OCT): Iyi ndi njira yosagwiritsa ntchito mphamvu pojambula zithunzi za retina. Imagwiritsa ntchito kuwala kowala. Imatenga gawo la retina ndipo imatha kuona kukula kwa kuwonongeka.
• Microperimetry : Iyi ndi njira yoyesera malo anu owonera. Izi zikutanthauza kuti mutha kuwona kutali komwe mungathe kuwona komanso ngati pali mawanga amdima m'maso anu.
• Multifocal electroretinography : Mu mayeso awa, kuwala kumaonekera pa retina yanu ndipo mphamvu zamagetsi zomwe zimagwira ntchito zimayesedwa.

Ngati mayesowa akumveka ovuta pang'ono, musadandaule. Dokotala wanu adzakufotokozerani zonse.

Kodi mankhwala a Geographic Atrophy ndi ati?

Nkhani yabwino ndi yakuti bungwe la U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) posachedwapa lavomereza mankhwala awiri koyamba kuti athetse vuto la geographic atrophy. Mankhwalawa ndi pegcetacoplan (SYOFOVRE™) ndi avacincaptad pegol (IZERVAY™). Awa ndi majakisoni a m'maso. Majakisoni awa amatha kuchepetsa kufalikira kwa geographic atrophy. Dokotala wanu wa maso adzakulowetsani mankhwala awa m'diso lanu kamodzi pamwezi kapena miyezi iwiri iliyonse.

Kuphatikiza apo, dokotala wanu wa maso angakupatseni njira zina zothanirana ndi kufooka kwa malo, monga:

• Kukonzanso maso : Mungafunike zothandizira kuwona, monga magalasi apadera kapena magalasi okulitsira, kuti akuthandizeni kuchita ntchito zanu za tsiku ndi tsiku.
• Zowonjezera za AREDS2Zowonjezera za AREDS2: Zowonjezera izi zotsutsana ndi ma antioxidants zinayesedwa mu Kafukufuku wa Matenda a Maso Okhudzana ndi Zaka. Madokotala ena amagwiritsa ntchito mankhwalawa pochiza AMD youma. Fomula yoyambirira ya AREDS1 inali ndi beta-carotene pamodzi ndi zosakaniza izi. Komabe, chifukwa beta-carotene imagwirizanitsidwa ndi chiopsezo chowonjezeka cha khansa ya m'mapapo mwa osuta fodya, AREDS2 ilinso ndi lutein , zeaxanthin, vitamini E, zinc oxide , ndi cupric oxide.
• Telesikopu yaying'ono yolowetsedwa m'thupi (IMT): Izi zimaphatikizapo kuchotsa lenzi yachilengedwe ya diso lanu ndikuyiyika m'malo mwake ndi telesikopu yaying'ono iyi. Chipangizochi chimakulitsa zinthu m'maso mwachindunji ndikuziika m'malo ena a retina omwe akugwirabe ntchito bwino.

Kodi pali zotsatirapo zilizonse za mankhwalawa?

Popeza katemera watsopano wa Pegcetacoplan ndi Avacincaptad pegol akadali watsopano, akatswiri akuphunzirabe momwe amagwirira ntchito komanso zoopsa zake. Pakadali pano, zotsatirapo zotsatirazi zimadziwika kuti zimachitika:

• Kupweteka kwa maso.
• Kutuluka magazi m'maso oyera (Subconjunctival hemorrhage).
• Kuoneka kwa zinthu zoyandama m'madzimadzi omwe ali mkati mwa diso (vitreous humor).
• Kutsegula kwa mitsempha yamagazi m'maso.

Ndikofunikira kulankhula ndi dokotala wanu za izi ndikusankha chithandizo chomwe chili choyenera kwa inu.

Kodi Kufooka kwa Malo Ozungulira Dziko Kungathe Kupewedwa?

Kunena zoona, palibe njira yopewera kwathunthu kufooka kwa malo, chifukwa kuwonongeka kwa macular komwe kumayambitsa izi sikungatheke.

Komabe, mungayesere kuchepetsa chiopsezo chanu cha izi. Izi zikutanthauza kulabadira zinthu zomwe zingasinthe zomwe tingasinthe. Sitingasinthe zinthu monga zaka ndi mtundu. Komabe, mutha kuthandiza kuchepetsa chiopsezo chanu pochita izi:

• Osasuta. Ngati mukusuta, yesani kusiya.
• Kuwongolera bwino matenda osatha monga matenda a shuga, kuthamanga kwa magazi, kunenepa kwambiri, komanso cholesterol yambiri.
• Valani magalasi a dzuwa okhala ndi magalasi achikasu kuti muteteze maso anu mukapita padzuwa.
• Valani magalasi oteteza oyenera kuntchito, mukamasewera masewera, kapena mukuchita zinthu zosangalatsa.
• Muyenera kutsatira zakudya zabwino komanso ndondomeko yochita masewera olimbitsa thupi. Makamaka onjezerani ndiwo zamasamba zobiriwira, zitsamba, ndi zipatso muzakudya zanu.

Kodi chimachitika ndi chiyani ngati ndili ndi Geographic Atrophy?

Kawirikawiri, chiyembekezo cha anthu omwe ali ndi vuto la kuchepa kwa malo si chabwino kwenikweni pankhani ya masomphenya. Komabe, matendawa amakhudza munthu aliyense mosiyana. Mankhwala atsopano abweretsa chiyembekezo.

Chofunika kwambiri ndichakuti Geographic Atrophy si matenda oopsa ndipo sadzakhudza moyo wanu.

Kodi ndiyenera kupita kwa dokotala liti?

Dokotala wanu wa maso adzakuuzani nthawi yomwe muyenera kupita kukayezetsa maso anu. Uzani dokotala wanu nthawi yomweyo ngati muwona kusintha kulikonse m'maso mwanu kapena m'maso mwanu.

Ngati mwataya masomphenya mwadzidzidzi kapena mukumva kupweteka kwambiri m'maso, ndikofunikira kufunafuna upangiri wa dokotala nthawi yomweyo.

Ndi mafunso ati omwe ndiyenera kufunsa dokotala?

Mukapita kwa dokotala, mukhoza kufunsa mafunso monga:

• Kodi ndili ndi vuto la kuchepa kwa maso kapena matenda ena a maso?
• Ndi mayeso otani omwe ndiyenera kuchita?
• Kodi ndine woyenera kulandira mankhwala atsopano ochizira Geographic Atrophy?
• Kodi ndiyenera kuyesedwa maso anga kangati?
• Kodi ndingathe kutenga nawo mbali mu mayeso azachipatala?
• Ndi kusintha kotani m'maso mwanga komwe ndiyenera kusamala nako?
• Kodi mungandithandize kupeza mautumiki othandizira omwe angandithandize?

Pomaliza, zinthu zoti muzikumbukira

Ndizabwino kuti pali njira zatsopano zochizira kufooka kwa malo ndipo kafukufuku akupitilira. Komabe, ndikwachibadwa kuchita mantha mukazindikira kuti muli ndi vuto lomwe lingakhudze maso anu kwamuyaya.

Musadandaule. Dokotala wanu wa maso adzakuuzani zambiri za vutoli, zomwe mungayembekezere, ndi mankhwala abwino kwambiri okuthandizani kuthana nalo. Ndikofunikira kutsatira malangizo a dokotala wanu ndikupita kukayezetsa maso nthawi zonse . Komanso, chithandizo cha banja lanu chidzakhala chothandiza kwambiri panthawiyi.

Kufooka kwa Macular , Kuwonongeka kwa Macular Kokhudzana ndi Ukalamba, AMD, Macula, Thanzi la Maso, Kutaya Maso, Matenda a Maso