Chenjerani ndi makoswe! Tiyeni tiphunzire za Hantavirus Pulmonary Syndrome.

Tonsefe tili ndi makoswe ndi mbewa m'nyumba mwathu, mwina m'malo athu antchito, kapena ngakhale m'malo athu ogona. Nthawi zina nyama izi zingawoneke zokongola, koma zimatha kunyamula matenda omwe sitikuyembekezera. Lero tikambirana za matenda omwe ndi osowa pang'ono, koma ofunikira kwambiri kudziwa, omwe amafalitsidwa ndi makoswe. Izi zimatchedwa Hantavirus Pulmonary Syndrome, kapena HPS mwachidule.

Kodi Hantavirus Pulmonary Syndrome (HPS) ndi chiyani?

Mwachidule, 'HPS' iyi ndi matenda osowa koma omwe angakhale oopsa omwe amayamba chifukwa cha kachilombo. Imatha kuwononga mtima wanu, mapapo, ndi ziwalo zina zofunika m'thupi. Ndi matenda omwe amatha kukula mofulumira kwambiri, ndipo nthawi zina amatha kupha anthu. Anthu ena amatchanso kuti 'Hantavirus Cardiopulmonary Syndrome' (HCPS).

Kodi matendawa amakula bwanji?

Chabwino, tsopano tiyeni tiwone momwe timapezera matendawa. Nthawi zambiri, `HPS` imayamba chifukwa cha kukhudzana ndi ndowe (ndiko kuti, mkodzo), mkodzo, kapena malovu a khoswe kapena mbewa yomwe ili ndi kachilombo kotchedwa `Hantavirus`. Kodi zinthuzi zimalowa bwanji m'thupi mwathu? Tikhoza kupuma tinthu timeneti. Kapena, ngati tidya kapena kumwa chinthu chomwe chaipitsidwa ndi zinthuzo, kapena ngati tikhudza malo ngati amenewo kenako n’kukhudza pakamwa kapena mphuno yathu ndi dzanja lomwelo, kachilomboka kamalowa m'thupi mwathu.

Kodi mungapulumuke ngati mutatenga Hantavirus?

Inde, HPS imatha kuchiritsidwa. Komabe, nkhaniyi ndi yoopsa kwambiri. Malinga ndi malipoti, pafupifupi 40% ya anthu omwe amatenga matendawa, kapena anthu anayi mwa khumi, amatha kufa. Ichi ndichifukwa chake ndikofunikira kudziwa izi ndikupeza chithandizo nthawi yomweyo ngati zizindikiro zikuwonekera.

Kodi makoswe ndi mbewa zonse zimakhala ndi kachilomboka?

Ayi, si makoswe kapena mbewa iliyonse yomwe ili ndi kachilombo ka Hantavirus. Ku North America, mitundu ingapo ya makoswe yapezeka yomwe ili ndi kachilomboka. Komabe, n'kovuta kunena chilichonse chokhudza makoswe m'dziko lathu. Chofunika kwambiri ndichakuti sitingathe kudziwa ngati ali ndi kachilomboka kapena ayi poyang'ana makoswe. Chifukwa chake, chinthu chabwino kwambiri kuchita ndikusamala. Chinthu chabwino kwambiri kuchita ndikuchepetsa kukhudzana ndi makoswe ndi mbewa zakuthengo, ndipo ngati muwona ndowe zawo, mkodzo, kapena zisa zawo m'nyumba mwanu, zichotseni mosamala ndikuyeretsa malowo bwino ndi mankhwala ophera tizilombo.

Ndani amene ali ndi mwayi waukulu wopeza HPS?

Matendawa otchedwa `HPS` amatha kukhudza aliyense. Chofunika kwambiri ndichakuti, monga tafotokozera kale, akhudzidwa ndi ndowe, mkodzo, ndi malovu a makoswe kapena mbewa omwe ali ndi kachilomboka. Odwalawa anenedwa kuchokera kumayiko osiyanasiyana padziko lonse lapansi. Ku United States, akuti odwala ambiri anenedwa kuchokera kumayiko akumadzulo kwa Mtsinje wa Mississippi. Palibe malo apadera otere omwe ali m'dziko lathu, koma pakhoza kukhala chiopsezo kulikonse komwe makoswe ali ambiri. Taganizirani izi, mukatsuka chipinda chakale chosungiramo zinthu, chipinda chapamwamba, kapena nyumba m'nkhalango, kapena mukamagwira ntchito m'minda, chiopsezochi chingawonjezeke.

Kodi `HPS` ndi yofala bwanji?

HPS ndi matenda osowa kwambiri. Mwachitsanzo, kuyambira pomwe kafukufuku adayamba ku United States mu 1993, milandu 833 yokha ndi yomwe yanenedwa kuyambira mu Disembala 2020. Izi ndi zaka pafupifupi 27. Izi zikutanthauza kuti iyi si matenda a tsiku ndi tsiku. Koma, ngakhale kuti ndi yosowa, ikhoza kukhala yoopsa, choncho ndikofunikira kudziwa za iyo.

Kodi chimachitika n’chiyani Hantavirus ikalowa m’thupi?

Chabwino, tsopano tiyeni tiwone zomwe zimachitika Hantavirus iyi ikalowa m'thupi mwathu. Kachiromboka kakalowa m'thupi, kamachuluka pang'onopang'ono, zomwe zikutanthauza kuti kamapanga mavairasi ambiri ndikuyamba kufalikira m'thupi lonse.

Makamaka m'mapapu mwanu, kachilomboka kamayambitsa mitsempha yamagazi (mitsempha yaying'ono yamagazi) kumeneko kufooka ndikutulutsa magazi. Kenako matumba a mpweya (mabaluni ang'onoang'ono omwe amasunga mpweya tikamapuma) m'mapapu mwanu amatha kudzaza ndi magazi. Izi zimapangitsa kuti zikhale zovuta kupuma.

Zimakhudzanso mtima wanu. Kachilomboka kamawononga minofu ya mtima yokha, ndipo mitsempha yamagazi imafooka ndikutuluka. Mitsempha yamagazi iyi ikafooka, mtima sungapope magazi okwanira okosijeni kupita ku maselo ndi ziwalo zina zonse za thupi. Maselo ndi ziwalo zikapanda kulandira magazi okwanira, thupi limatha kugwedezeka .

Kumbukirani, ngati thupi lagwidwa ndi mantha, ziwalo zimatha kulephera msanga ndipo zimatha kupha. Ndicho chifukwa chake zimatchedwa zoopsa.

Kodi zizindikiro zoyambirira za HPS ndi ziti?

Zizindikiro zikapezeka ndi Hantavirus, zimawonekera m'magawo angapo.

Gawo loyamba ndi 'gawo loyamwitsa', kapena nthawi imene kachilomboka kakukula m'thupi. Nthawi imeneyi imatha kupitirira milungu isanu ndi itatu. Panthawiyi, mungakhale ndi kachilomboka m'thupi mwanu, koma simungasonyeze zizindikiro zilizonse zakunja.

Gawo lachiwiri ndi pamene zizindikiro zimayamba kuonekera. Izi zimatha kuyamba mwachangu kwambiri. Zizindikiro zake ndi izi:

• Malungo opitirira madigiri 101 Fahrenheit (38.33 madigiri Celsius).
• Kumva ngati ukuzizira .
• Kutopa , kutopa.
• Kupweteka kwa minofu , makamaka m'chiuno, m'chiuno, ndi m'mbuyo.
• Kuwawa kwam'mimba.
• Kusanza ndi kusanza.
• Kutsegula m'mimba (kudzimbidwa m'mimba).
• Mwina ziphuphu pakhungu.
• Chifuwa chouma komanso kupuma movutikira.
• Mutu .
• Chizungulire.

Gawo lachiwirili likhoza kukhala masiku awiri mpaka asanu ndi atatu.

Kodi chimachitika n’chiyani zizindikiro za HPS zikakula kwambiri? (Gawo 3)

Patatha masiku anayi mpaka khumi zizindikiro zoyamba zitayamba, gawo lachitatu la zizindikiro likhoza kuyamba. Gawoli likhoza kukhala loopsa kwambiri. Zotsatirazi zingachitike panthawiyi:

• Kutuluka magazi mkati.
• Mapapu akudzaza ndi madzi.

Zizindikiro izi zingayambitse mavuto omwe angaike moyo pachiswe m'ziwalo zanu komanso m'thupi lanu. Zizindikiro zosonyeza kuti mukulowa mu gawo loopsali ndi izi:

• Kuchuluka kwa chifuwa.
• Kukuvuta kupuma.
• Kugunda kwa mtima kumawonjezeka.
• Kumva kupsinjika pachifuwa.

Ngati mukumva zizindikiro izi, muyenera kupita kuchipatala nthawi yomweyo.

Kodi zifukwa za HPS ndi ziti?

Choyambitsa chachikulu cha HPS ndi gulu la mavairasi otchedwa Hantaviruses. Mavairasi amenewa nthawi zambiri amanyamulidwa ndi mitundu ina ya makoswe ndi mbewa.

Anthu nthawi zambiri amatenga HPS popuma tinthu ting'onoting'ono kuchokera m'ndowe za makoswe omwe ali ndi kachilomboka. Komabe, ma hantavirus amathanso kufalikira ndi:

• Mwa kulumidwa ndi khoswe kapena mbewa yomwe ili ndi kachilomboka.
• Ngati mukhudza malo omwe ali ndi zotupa (ndowe, mkodzo, malovu) kuchokera ku khoswe/mbewa yomwe ili ndi kachilomboka kenako gwirani mphuno kapena pakamwa panu ndi dzanja lomwelo.
• Ngati mudya chakudya chodetsedwa ndi madzi otuluka m'thupi.

Kodi izi zimapatsirana kuchokera kwa munthu wina kupita kwa wina?

Funso ili ndi lofunika kwambiri. Matenda a `HPS` safala kawirikawiri kuchokera kwa munthu wina kupita kwa wina. Malinga ndi ofufuza zachipatala, mtundu wina wa Hantavirus womwe umapezeka ku Argentina ndi Chile ndi womwe wapezeka kuti umafalikira kuchokera kwa munthu wina kupita kwa wina. Chifukwa chake, nthawi zambiri uwu ndi matenda omwe amafalikira kuchokera kwa makoswe kupita kwa anthu, osati matenda omwe amafalikira mosavuta pakati pa anthu.

Kodi HPS imapezedwa bwanji?

Ngati muli ndi zizindikiro za HPS, dokotala adzakufunsani za zizindikiro zanu ndikukuyesani thupi. Kuphatikiza apo, angakufunseni mafunso monga:

• Kodi mwakumana ndi makoswe kapena mbewa zakuthengo posachedwapa?
• Kodi mwakhala mukumangira msasa posachedwapa, kapena mwakhala m'nyumba m'nkhalango?
• Kodi mumakhala kapena mumagwira ntchito m'nkhalango?
• Kodi mwawonapo ndowe za makoswe/mbewa m'nyumba mwanu kapena kuntchito kwanu?

Chidziwitsochi chimalola dokotala kuchita mayeso a matenda a HPS omwe akuganiziridwa kuti ndi ofala, komanso matenda ena opatsirana ndi makoswe.

Ndi mayeso ati omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito pozindikira HPS?

Dokotala angatsimikizire ngati muli ndi HPS poyesa magazi .

Pakuyezetsa magazi, amatenga chitsanzo cha magazi pang'ono kuchokera m'mitsempha yomwe ili m'dzanja lanu pogwiritsa ntchito singano yaying'ono (monga chotsukira mano). Kenako, magaziwo amawunikidwa pogwiritsa ntchito maikulosikopu kuti awone ngati pali ma antibodies (mapuloteni omwe chitetezo chathu cha mthupi chimapanga kuti chithane ndi matenda) omwe amapangidwa motsutsana ndi kachilomboka.

Kuyezetsa magazi kungasonyezenso zizindikiro zina za HPS. Mwachitsanzo, kuchuluka kwa maselo oyera m'magazi kochuluka kwambiri (awa ndi maselo omwe amalimbana ndi matenda m'thupi lathu) ndi kuchuluka kochepa kwambiri kwa ma platelet (chinthu chomwe chimathandiza kuundana kwa magazi). Dokotala wanu angayang'anenso kuchuluka kwa mpweya m'magazi anu.

Kodi HPS imachiritsidwa bwanji?

Ndikofunikira kuchiza HPS mwachangu. Ngati muyamba kukhala ndi zizindikiro zofanana ndi chimfine mutakhudza ndowe za makoswe/mbewa, pitani kuchipatala nthawi yomweyo.

HPS nthawi zambiri imachizidwa mu chipinda chosamalira odwala kwambiri (ICU) . Madokotala adzayang'anira vuto lanu mosamala ndipo angapereke chithandizo chapadera monga:

• Chithandizo cha okosijeni (ngati kupuma kuli kovuta).
• Perekani thupi madzi ofunikira (cholowa m'malo mwa madzi) (kupewa kutaya madzi m'thupi).
• Mankhwala ochepetsa kuthamanga kwa magazi (ngati kuthamanga kwa magazi kuli kotsika).
• Ribavirin ndi mankhwala oletsa mavairasi .
• Kupuma mpweya pogwiritsa ntchito makina (kuthandiza ndi makina ngati kupuma kuli kovuta kwambiri).
• Dialysis (ngati impso zakhudzidwa).

Pa milandu ina yovuta kwambiri , madokotala amagwiritsanso ntchito mankhwala apadera otchedwa `ECMO` (Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation). Izi zimaphatikizapo kutenga magazi m'thupi, kuwonjezera mpweya m'magaziwo kudzera mu makina, ndikubwezeretsa m'thupi. Uwu ndi mankhwala ovuta kwambiri.

Kodi HPS ikuchira? Zitenga nthawi yayitali bwanji?

Ngati mutapulumuka masiku oyamba a HPS, muyenera kuyamba kumva bwino pakatha milungu ingapo. Anthu ambiri amachira bwino pakatha milungu ingapo kuchokera pamene anayamba kulandira chithandizo.

Kodi ndimadzisamalira bwanji? / Ndiyenera kuchita chiyani mpaka nditachira?

Chofunika kwambiri ndikuonana ndi dokotala nthawi yomweyo ngati mukumva kudwala pambuyo poti mwakhala pamalo pomwe panali ndowe za makoswe/mbewa. Kuti muchire bwino, muyenera kutsatira ndondomeko ya chithandizo yomwe dokotala wanu wakupatsani.

Ngati matendawo sali aakulu kwambiri, mutha kupuma mokwanira ndikumwa madzi ambiri (monga madzi ndi madzi a zipatso).Zingathandize kufulumizitsa kuchira.

Kodi tiyenera kuchita chiyani kuti tichepetse kufalikira kwa `HPS`? (Njira zopewera)

Palibe katemera wa HPS pakadali pano. Komabe, pali zinthu zingapo zomwe tingachite kuti tichepetse chiopsezo chotenga matendawa:

• Pewani makoswe ndi mbewa zakuthengo. Pewani kukhala pafupi ndi malo omwe amatulutsa utsi.
• Mukamayeretsa malo omwe mwapeza ndowe za makoswe/mbewa, valani magolovesi a rabara ndi chophimba chophimba mphuno ndi pakamwa panu.
• Tsukani bwino malo omwe muli ndowe za makoswe/mbewa pogwiritsa ntchito mankhwala ophera tizilombo toyambitsa matenda.
• Musasese ndowe za makoswe/mbewa ndi nsalu. Ngati muzisese, tinthu ta matenda tingasakanizidwe ndi fumbi ndikupumira. Ndi bwino kunyowetsa malowo ndi madzi kenako n’kupukuta.
• Ngati m'nyumba mwanu muli mabowo omwe amalola mbewa/makoswe kulowa, atsekeni mwamphamvu.
• Ikani misampha ya mbewa ndi misampha ya makoswe mkati ndi mozungulira nyumba kuti muchepetse kuchuluka kwa makoswe/mbewa.
• Pewani kusiya chakudya panja panyumba. Samalani ndi chakudya ngakhale mukakhala m'misasa.
• Musanagwiritse ntchito malo aliwonse omwe mukudziwa kuti pali mbewa/makoswe (monga zipinda zakale zosungiramo zinthu, nkhokwe), onetsetsani kuti mwatsegula mpweya wabwino. Tsegulani zitseko ndi mawindo ndipo dikirani kwakanthawi musanalowe.

Kodi ndiyenera kuyembekezera chiyani ngati ndili ndi HPS?

Ngati muli ndi HPS, ndikofunikira kupeza chithandizo nthawi yomweyo. Ngati simulandira chithandizo mwachangu, HPS ikhoza kukupha.

Komabe, ndi chithandizo choyenera, anthu ambiri omwe ali ndi HPS amachira kwathunthu popanda zotsatirapo zilizonse za nthawi yayitali.

Kodi ndiyenera kupita kwa dokotala liti?

Zizindikiro za HPS zitha kufanana ndi matenda ena ofala, monga chibayo kapena chimfine. Komabe, ndikofunikira kuchiza HPS chifukwa imatha kukhala yoopsa mwachangu. Ngati muyamba kukhala ndi zizindikiro za HPS (monga malungo, kupweteka kwa thupi, komanso kupuma movutikira) mutakhudzana ndi makoswe akuthengo kapena kutulutsa kwawo, pitani kwa dokotala nthawi yomweyo.

Kodi ndidzatha liti kubwerera ku zochita zanga zachizolowezi?

Mukalandira chithandizo chabwino, muyenera kuyamba kumva bwino mwachangu - nthawi zambiri pasanathe masiku angapo. Komabe, zingatenge mwezi umodzi kapena kuposerapo kuti ntchito zina za m'mapapo zibwerere mwakale. Dokotala wanu adzakuuzani nthawi yeniyeni yomwe mungabwererenso ku ntchito zanu zachizolowezi, kuphatikizapo kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi.

Ndi mafunso ati omwe muyenera kufunsa dokotala?

Mukapita kwa dokotala, ndi bwino kufunsa mafunso ngati awa:

• Kodi mungadziwe bwanji ngati ndili ndi Hantavirus Pulmonary Syndrome?
• Kodi ndinapeza bwanji 'HPS' iyi?
• Kodi mumachita mayeso otani kuti mupeze matenda a HPS?
• Kodi vuto langa ndi lalikulu bwanji?
• Kodi pali zotsatirapo zilizonse pa mankhwala omwe mumalimbikitsa?
• Kodi ndiyamba liti kumva bwino?
• Kodi ndingachitenso chiyani kuti ndifulumizitse kuchira kwanga?

Pomaliza, zinthu zingapo zoti muzikumbukira

Makoswe ndi mbewa ndi nyama zokongola zokhala ndi maso akulu, makutu akulu, mphuno zofiirira, ndi miyendo yaying'ono, koma tingatenge matenda kuchokera ku makoswe/mbewa zakuthengo. Matenda ena oterewa omwe amafalitsa ndi Hantavirus. Kachiromboka kamayambitsa matenda osowa koma oopsa otchedwa Hantavirus Pulmonary Syndrome (HPS).

Ngakhale kuti poyamba zizindikiro zimatha kukhala ngati chimfine, pamene izi zikupita patsogolo pang'onopang'ono ndikukhudza ziwalo zina, mungakhale ndi vuto lopuma komanso kugunda kwa mtima mofulumira. HPS ikhoza kupha ngati simulandira chithandizo choyenera.

Choncho, ngati mukumva zizindikiro zofanana ndi chimfine mutakhala pamalo pomwe panali ndowe za makoswe/mbewa kapena komwe kumakhala makoswe/mbewa, chonde pitani kwa dokotala nthawi yomweyo. Muuzeninso dokotala nthawi ndi komwe munali pamalo otere. Mukapezeka ndi `HPS` msanga, mwayi wanu wochira mokwanira umakhala wabwino.

Hantavirus , HPS, makoswe, mbewa, matenda a mavairasi, matenda a m'mapapo, malungo a makoswe