Tiyeni tingophunzira za makina odabwitsa amagetsi omwe amalamulira kugunda kwa mtima (Cardiac Conduction System)!

Kodi munayamba mwadzifunsapo momwe mtima wanu umagunda popanda kupuma, panthawi yoyenera, mu kamvekedwe komweko? Tikagona, tikamagwira ntchito, tikamathamanga, nthawi yonseyi, mtima umagwira ntchito yake bwino kwambiri. Chifukwa cha izi ndi makina odabwitsa amagetsi mkati mwa mtima. Monga makina olumikizira mawaya m'nyumba, ichi ndi chomwe chimapatsa mtima chizindikiro choti ugwire, ndiko kuti, chizindikiro chamagetsi. Lero tikambirana za makina oyendetsera magetsi a mtima.

Kodi dongosolo lamagetsi la mtima ndi chiyani?

Mwachidule, dongosolo lamagetsi la mtima wanu ndi netiweki yapadera ya maselo omwe amalamulira kugunda kwa mtima. Lili ndi maselo amitsempha komanso maselo a minofu. Zizindikiro zamagetsi zomwe zimatumizidwa ndi dongosololi ndi zomwe zimapangitsa kuti mtima ugwedezeke kenako n’kupumula.

Taganizirani za makina olumikizira magetsi m'nyumba mwathu. Monga momwe magetsi amayendera kudzera mu mawaya kuti ayatse magetsi kapena kuyatsa fani, makina amagetsi awa omwe ali mumtima amatumizanso zizindikiro ku minofu ya mtima, kuwauza kuti "nthawi yakwana yoti ichepetse," komanso "nthawi yoti magazi apompe."

Pali mitundu iwiri ikuluikulu ya maselo omwe amalamulira njirayi:

• Maselo oyendetsera: Awa ali ngati 'mawaya' omwe amanyamula zizindikiro zamagetsi mumtima wonse.
• Maselo a minofu: Maselo amenewa akalandira chizindikiro chamagetsi, amachepa. Ndiko kuti, mtima umagunda chifukwa cha maselo amenewa. Monga momwe babu imayatsira magetsi akamayenda kudzera mu waya.

Zizindikiro zimenezi ndi zomwe zimalamula mtima kuti upompe magazi m'thupi lonse.

Kodi chikuchitika ndi chiyani kwenikweni ndi dongosololi?

Ntchito yaikulu ya magetsi a mtima ndi kutumiza chizindikiro kuti kugunda kwa mtima kuyambe. Imalamuliranso nthawi yomwe ziwalo zosiyanasiyana za mtima (zipinda zapamwamba ndi zapansi zotchedwa atria ndi ventricles) ziyenera kukokana komanso nthawi yomwe ziyenera kupumula.

Njira yochepetsera ululu ndi kuchira imeneyi imayendetsedwa bwino, ndichifukwa chake magazi amadutsa mumtima ndikupita ku thupi lonse kuchokera pamenepo.

Momwe matenda a mtima amachitikira, pang'onopang'ono

Ndi kugunda kwa mtima kulikonse, chizindikiro chamagetsi ichi chimayenda m'njira inayake mumtima. Taganizirani ngati sitima yoyenda panjira inayake.

1. Chiyambi - Chopangira mtima: Choyamba, node ya sinoatrial (node ​​ya SA) mumtima.Chizindikiro chamagetsi chimayamba pa gawo lotchedwa. Ichi ndi "chothandizira mtima mwachilengedwe." Chili ngati switch yayikulu m'nyumba.

2. Kupindika kwa chipinda chapamwamba: Chizindikiro chamagetsi ichi chimafalikira ku zipinda ziwiri zapamwamba za mtima, atria . Kenako, zipinda ziwirizo zimapindika, ndikutumiza magazi omwe ali mkati mwake ku zipinda zapansi za mtima.

3. Nyali ya magalimoto: Kenako, chizindikirochi chimafika pamalo otchedwa atrioventricular node (AV node) . Izi zili ngati nyali ya magalimoto. Apa, chizindikirocho chimachedwa ndi sekondi imodzi. Chifukwa chake ndikupereka magazi onse omwe ali m'zipinda ziwiri zapamwamba nthawi yoti atulutsire m'zipinda zapansi.

4. Yendani motsatira chingwe chachikulu: Kenako, chizindikiro chochedwa chimayenda kudzera mu ulusi wapadera wa mitsempha wotchedwa Bundle of His .

5. Kupindika kwa zipinda zapansi: Pomaliza, chizindikirochi chimafalikira kudzera mu netiweki ya mawaya ang'onoang'ono otchedwa Purkinje fibers kupita ku zipinda ziwiri zapansi za mtima, ma ventricles . Zipinda ziwiri zapansizi zimapindika mwamphamvu, kupompa magazi kupita ku mapapo mbali imodzi ndi kupita ku thupi lonse mbali inayo.

Masitepe onsewa akagwirizana, kugunda kwa mtima kumakhala kokwanira. Tangoganizirani, magetsi a mtima wanu amatumiza zizindikiro zambirimbiri patsiku kuti zikuthandizeni kukhala ndi moyo.

Kodi dongosololi limayendetsedwa bwanji?

Kugunda kwa mtima wanu sikufanana nthawi zonse, eti? Sikofanana ndi momwe mumapezera mukamathamanga basi, koma ndi komweko komwe mumapeza mukamawerenga buku. Kugunda kumeneku kumayendetsedwa ndi gawo la thupi lanu lotchedwa Autonomic Nervous System . Ichi ndi chomwe chimauza SA node kuti "igwire ntchito mwachangu" kapena "igwire ntchito pang'onopang'ono."

• Dongosolo la mitsempha lomvera chisoni: Ichi ndi chomwe chimalamulira yankho la 'nkhondo kapena kuthawa'. Dongosololi limagwira ntchito mukamachita mantha, mwadzidzidzi, kapena panthawi yochita masewera olimbitsa thupi, ndipo limafulumizitsa kugunda kwa mtima wanu.
• Dongosolo la mitsempha la Parasympathetic: Izi zimalamulira momwe 'mumapumulira ndi kugaya' thupi. Mukagona ndi kupuma, dongosololi limayamba kugwira ntchito ndipo limasunga kugunda kwa mtima wanu pang'onopang'ono.

Kodi ndi matenda ati omwe angachitike mu dongosolo lamagetsi ili?

Nthawi zina, pakhoza kukhala zolakwika zina mu dongosolo lamagetsi la mtima. Kenako, mavuto ndi kayimbidwe ka mtima amapezeka. Nthawi zambiri timatcha matenda a kayimbidwe ka mtima.

Zizindikiro zomwe zingakuthandizeni kudziwa ngati muli ndi vuto lamtunduwu

Ngati pali vuto ndi magetsi a mtima wanu, mungakumane ndi zizindikiro zotsatirazi:

• Kuvuta kupuma
• Kupweteka pachifuwa
• Kugunda kwa mtima (kumva ngati chifuwa chanu chikugunda mofulumira)
• Chizungulire
• Kutaya chidziwitso kapena kukomoka
• Kumva kutopa kwambiri

Dokotala akhoza kuyesa kugunda kwa mtima wanu pogwiritsa ntchito ECG (electrocardiogram) . Mungapemphedwenso kuti muvale chipangizo chaching'ono (heart monitor) kuti muwone kugunda kwa mtima wanu kwa masiku angapo kapena milungu ingapo. Pali njira zochizira mavutowa, monga mankhwala ndi kuyika chipangizo monga pacemaker .

Kodi mungatani kuti magetsi a mtima akhale athanzi?

Mavuto ena a mtima angayambitsidwe ndi majini. Sitingathe kuwasintha. Komabe, kutsatira moyo wathanzi kungathandize kwambiri kuti mtima wanu wonse ukhale wathanzi.

• Khalani ndi kulemera kwabwino: Yesetsani kukhala ndi kulemera kwabwino komwe kukugwirizana ndi kutalika kwanu.
• Pewani kusuta: Ngati mukusuta, siyani nthawi yomweyo. Kukhala pafupi ndi anthu omwe amasuta (utsi wa anthu ena) nakonso n'koopsa.
• Imwani mankhwala anu moyenera: Imwani mankhwala omwe mwapatsidwa ndi dokotala pa matenda ena, monga matenda a shuga ndi kuthamanga kwa magazi, panthawi yake.
• Chepetsani kumwa mowa ndi caffeine: Chepetsani kumwa mowa ndi zakumwa zokhala ndi caffeine monga khofi.
• Idyani zakudya zopatsa thanzi: Idyani zakudya zopatsa thanzi monga ndiwo zamasamba, zipatso, nyemba, ndi tirigu wonse.
• Kuchita Maseŵera Olimbitsa Thupi: Chitani maseŵera olimbitsa thupi amphamvu kwa mphindi zosachepera 150 pa sabata.
• Pewani kupsinjika maganizo: Chepetsani kupsinjika maganizo kudzera mu zinthu monga kusinkhasinkha, yoga, ndi kulankhula ndi mnzanu wodalirika.

Nthawi zambiri timadziwa za magetsi a mtima pokhapokha ngati china chake chalakwika. Koma dongosolo losaoneka ili ndi lomwe limapatsa mtima mphamvu ndi kamvekedwe kake kuti tikhale ndi moyo. Chifukwa chake, kudziwa izi, kulabadira zizindikiro zomwe zili pamwambapa, komanso kukhala ndi moyo wathanzi ndiye thandizo lalikulu lomwe mungapatse mtima wanu.