Kodi magazi ndi chiyani? (Magazi) Tiyeni tikambirane izi mwachidule!

Kodi munayamba mwakhala ndi bala laling'ono ndipo munaona dontho limodzi kapena awiri a magazi ofiira akutuluka mmenemo? Mwina ndi pamene munadula dzanja lanu ndi pepala. Tonsefe tikudziwa kuti magazi ndi chinthu chofiira. Koma, kodi magazi awa ndi chiyani kwenikweni? Kodi magazi awa amagwira ntchito yotani m'thupi lathu? Ndicho chimene tikambirana lero, monga kulankhula ndi mnzanu.

Kodi magazi n’chiyani ndipo n’chifukwa chiyani ndi ofunikira kwambiri kwa ife?

Mwachidule, magazi ndi ofunikira kuti tipulumuke. Ali ngati mafuta a galimoto, magazi a thupi lathu. Ndi magazi awa omwe amanyamula zinthu zomwe gawo lililonse laling'ono la thupi lathu, kutanthauza selo lililonse ndi minofu, limafunika kugwira ntchito. Taganizirani ngati ntchito yamagalimoto yotumiza katundu mumzinda wonse.

• Amanyamula mpweya: Tikamapuma, mpweya umene umalowa m'mapapo mwathu umatengedwa ndi magazi kupita ku maselo m'thupi lathu lonse. Popanda mpweya umenewu, maselo athu sangapulumuke.
• Amapereka zakudya: Zakudya monga shuga, zomwe zimagayidwa ndi kuyamwa kuchokera ku chakudya chomwe timadya zimafalikira m'thupi lonse kudzera m'magazi. Izi ndi zomwe zimapatsa maselo athu mphamvu.
• Kuchotsa zinyalala: Magazi amanyamula zinyalala ( monga carbon dioxide) zomwe maselo athu amapanga kubwerera nazo ku mapapo, komwe timazitulutsa. Magazi amathandizanso kuchotsa zinyalala zina m'thupi kudzera m'ziwalo monga impso ndi chiwindi.
• Zimateteza ku matenda: Pali maselo apadera m'magazi omwe amalimbana ndi majeremusi, monga mabakiteriya ndi mavairasi, omwe amalowa m'thupi mwathu ndikutiteteza ku matenda . Zili ngati gulu lankhondo loteteza mkati mwa matupi athu.
• Mahomoni amanyamula mauthenga: Mahomoni ndi mankhwala omwe amalamulira ntchito iliyonse m'thupi lathu. Mahomoni amenewa amanyamulidwa kuchokera kumalo ena kupita kwina m'magazi.
• Amawongolera kutentha kwa thupi: Magazi amathandizanso kusunga kutentha kwa thupi lathu.
• Amaletsa kutuluka magazi akavulala: Magazi amathanso kuchepetsa kutuluka magazi mwa kupewa kutuluka magazi ambiri ngakhale pabala laling'ono, mwa kupangitsa magazi kuundana (magazi kuundana) .

Mukuona, magazi si madzi ofiira okha ayi, ndi chinthu chovuta kwambiri komanso chodabwitsa chomwe chimathandiza kuti matupi athu akhale ndi moyo!

Kodi magazi amapangidwa ndi chiyani?

Tiyeni tsopano tiwone mtundu wa zinthu zomwe zimapanga chinthu chodabwitsachi, magazi. Pali magawo awiri akuluakulu a magazi.

1. Plasma - Iyi ndi gawo lamadzimadzi.

2. Maselo a m'magazi - Awa ndi mitundu ya maselo omwe amayandama mu plasma.

Kodi Plasma ndi chiyani?

Tangoganizirani, ngati magazi ali ngati saladi ya zipatso, ndiye kuti plasmaZili ngati madzi omwe amayandamitsa zipatso mu saladi. Koma awa ndi madzi achikasu. 55% yokha ya magazi athu ndi plasma .

Plasma imapangidwa makamaka ndi madzi. Koma si madzi okha, komanso ili ndi zinthu zina zambiri zofunika:

• Mapuloteni: Pali mitundu ingapo ya mapuloteni, monga albumin, globulin, ndi fibrinogen. Izi zimathandiza kulamulira kuthamanga kwa magazi, kupanga ma antibodies olimbana ndi matenda, komanso kuthandiza magazi kuundana.
• Zakudya: Zinthu monga shuga, ma amino acid, mavitamini, ndi mafuta acid zomwe tinakambirana kale zimatumizidwa ku maselo kudzera mu plasma.
• Mahomoni: Mahomoni omwe amalamulira ntchito zosiyanasiyana m'thupi lathu amasungunuka mu plasma iyi.
• Ma electrolyte: Mchere monga sodium, potaziyamu, ndi calcium. Izi ndizofunikira kwambiri pakugwira ntchito kwa mitsempha ndi minofu.
• Zinyalala: Zinthu monga urea zomwe zimatuluka m'maselo zimatengedwanso kupita ku impso ndi plasma.

Choncho, plasma si madzi okha, koma ndi gawo lofunika kwambiri la kayendedwe ka thupi lathu, chakudya, kutaya zinyalala, ndi chitetezo chamthupi.

Kodi mitundu ya maselo a magazi ndi iti?

Tsopano tiyeni tikambirane za maselo a magazi omwe amayandama mu madzi otchedwa plasma. Pali mitundu itatu ikuluikulu ya maselo a magazi amenewa. Mtundu uliwonse uli ndi ntchito yakeyake.

1. Maselo Ofiira a M'magazi / Erythrocytes - Maselo omwe amabweretsa moyo m'matupi athu!

Awa ndi mitundu yambiri ya maselo m'magazi mwathu. Kunena zoona, maselo ofiira awa ndi omwe amapatsa magazi mtundu wofiira. Maselo awa ndi ang'onoang'ono kwambiri, ma disc a biconcave. Awa ndi donati kakang'ono, koma m'malo mwa dzenje pakati, pali dzenje pakati.

• Ntchito yaikulu: Puloteni yapadera yotchedwa ``Hemoglobin`` m'maselo ofiira a m'magazi imalola maselowa kunyamula mpweya . Mpweya umene timatenga kuchokera m'mapapo umalumikizana ndi hemoglobin ndipo umanyamulidwa ndi maselo ofiira a m'magazi kupita ku maselo ena onse m'thupi. Amathandizanso kubweretsa mpweya woipa womwe umapangidwa m'maselo kubwerera ku mapapo.
• Moyo: Selo limodzi lofiira la magazi limakhala ndi moyo kwa masiku pafupifupi 120. Pambuyo pake, amawonongeka m'chiwindi ndi ndulu, ndipo maselo atsopano amapangidwa.
• Kodi amapangidwa kuti?: Maselo ofiira a magazi amapangidwa pamalo otchedwa bone marrow mkati mwa mafupa athu akuluakulu.
• Mavuto: Ngati chiwerengero cha maselo ofiira a magazi chatsika, kapena ngati hemoglobin yachepa, thupi lathu sililandira mpweya wokwanira. Matendawa timawatcha kuti ``Anemia``` . Kenako zizindikiro monga kutopa, kufiira, komanso kupuma movutikira zingachitike.

2. Maselo Oyera a M'magazi / Ma Leukocyte - Asilikali oteteza thupi!

Maselo oyera a m'magazi ndi asilikali akuluakulu a chitetezo chamthupi lathu . Ndi akuluakulu kuposa maselo ofiira a m'magazi, koma chiwerengero chawo m'magazi ndi chotsika kuposa cha maselo ofiira a m'magazi.

• Ntchito yaikulu: Ntchito yaikulu ya maselo amenewa ndi kumenyana ndi kuwononga majeremusi (mabakiteriya, mavairasi, bowa, tizilombo toyambitsa matenda) omwe amalowa m'thupi mwathu, ndikutiteteza ku matenda . Amathandizanso kuzindikira ndi kuwononga maselo osayenera, monga maselo a khansa.
• Mitundu yosiyanasiyana: Palibe mtundu umodzi wokha wa maselo oyera a m'magazi. Monga momwe zilili ndi magulu osiyanasiyana ankhondo, palinso mitundu ingapo ya maselo oyera a m'magazi. Mtundu uliwonse uli ndi ntchito yakeyake:
• Ma Neutrophils: Awa ndi mitundu yambiri ya maselo oyera a m'magazi. Amalimbana kwambiri ndi matenda a bakiteriya.
• Ma Lymphocyte: Pali mitundu iwiri ya ma lymphocyte, ma B-cell ndi ma T-cell. Ma B-cell amapanga ma antibodies . Ma antibodies amenewa ndi mapuloteni apadera omwe amathandiza kuzindikira ndi kuukira majeremusi. Ma T-cell amawononga mwachindunji ma cell omwe ali ndi kachilomboka ndikuwongolera ma cell ena oteteza thupi.
• Ma monocyte: Awa ndi maselo oyera akulu kwambiri. Akamachoka m'magazi kupita m'thupi, amakhala maselo otchedwa macrophages, omwe "amameza" ndikuyeretsa majeremusi, maselo akufa, ndi zinyalala zina.
• Ma Eosinophils: Izi zimalimbana kwambiri ndi matenda opatsirana. Zitha kuwonekanso mu ziwengo.
• Ma Basophils: Awa ndi mtundu waung'ono kwambiri wa maselo oyera a m'magazi. Amatulutsa mankhwala monga histamine panthawi ya ziwengo.
• Kodi amapangidwa kuti?: Maselo oyera amagazi amenewa amapangidwa makamaka mum'mafupa. Mitundu ina, monga ma lymphocyte, imapezekanso m'malo monga ma lymph node.
• Mavuto: Kuchuluka kwa maselo oyera m'magazi kochuluka kapena kotsika kwambiri kungasonyeze matenda osiyanasiyana. Mwachitsanzo, matenda angayambitse kuchuluka kwa maselo oyera m'magazi. Khansa ya m'magazi ndi khansa ya maselo oyera m'magazi.

3. Ma platelet / Ma Thrombocyte - Ngwazi zazing'ono zomwe zimasiya kutuluka magazi!

Ma platelet si maselo athunthu kwenikweni. Ndi zidutswa zazing'ono kwambiri za maselo zomwe zimasweka kuchokera ku maselo akuluakulu otchedwa megakaryocytes mu fupa la mafupa. Alibe nucleus.

• Ntchito yaikulu: Ngati titavulala kwinakwake m'thupi mwathu ndipo mtsempha wamagazi wasweka, zimathandiza kuti magazi asiye kutuluka.Iyi ndiyo ntchito yaikulu ya ma platelet a m'magazi awa. Amafika pamalo pomwe panavulala ndipo amalumikizana kuti apange "plug" yomata. Kenako amaphatikizana ndi puloteni yotchedwa fibrinogen mu plasma kuti apange magazi kuundana, zomwe zimaletsa kutuluka magazi kwathunthu.
• Kodi amapangidwa kuti?: Izi zimapangidwanso mu fupa la m'mafupa.
• Mavuto: Ngati chiwerengero cha ma platelet m'magazi chatsika (vutoli limatchedwa `Thrombocytopenia`), magazi amaundana pang'onopang'ono. Kenako, ngakhale bala laling'ono lingakhale lovuta kuletsa kutuluka magazi, ndipo khungu limatha kuvulala mosavuta. Mwina munamvapo kuti chiwerengerochi cha ma platelet m'magazi chimachepa m'matenda monga dengue. Komanso, kuwonjezeka kosazolowereka kwa chiwerengero cha ma platelet kapena kugwira ntchito kosazolowereka kwawo kungayambitse kupanga magazi oundana osafunikira (`Thrombosis`).

Tsopano mwina mukumvetsa kuti magazi si madzi ofiira okha, koma ndi zinthu zovuta komanso zodabwitsa zomwe zimachitika mkati mwake.

N’chifukwa chiyani magazi ndi ofiira?

Ili ndi vuto lomwe anthu ambiri ali nalo. Monga tafotokozera kale, magazi ndi ofiira chifukwa cha puloteni yotchedwa hemoglobin m'maselo ofiira a magazi . hemoglobin iyi ili ndi chitsulo. Pamene hemoglobin imagwirizana ndi mpweya (oxyhemoglobin), imakhala ndi mtundu wofiira wakuda. Izi ndi zomwe nthawi zambiri timaziona m'magazi m'mitsempha. Magazi m'mitsempha, omwe ali ndi mpweya wochepa (deoxyhemoglobin), amakhala ndi mtundu wofiira wakuda pang'ono, wofiirira. Komabe, nyama zina zimakhala ndi magazi abuluu kapena obiriwira, chifukwa magazi awo ali ndi mankhwala osiyanasiyana omwe amanyamula mpweya. Magazi athu ndi ofiira chifukwa cha hemoglobin!

Kodi tonsefe tili ndi gulu limodzi la magazi? Tiyeni tiphunzire pang'ono za magulu a magazi.

Mwina mwamvapo nkhani monga "Mtundu wanga wa magazi ndi B positive" ndi "Dzuwa limafuna magazi opanda O." Izi zikutanthauza kuti si magazi a aliyense omwe ali ofanana. Pali chinthu chotchedwa `magulu a magazi` .

Mitundu ya magazi iyi imatsimikiziridwa ndi mapuloteni apadera otchedwa `Antigens` pamwamba pa maselo ofiira a magazi. Machitidwe awiri ofunikira a mitundu ya magazi ndi awa:

1. Dongosolo la ABO: Chifukwa chake, pali mitundu inayi ya magazi: A, B, AB, ndi O.

2. Dongosolo la Rh: Chifukwa chake, pali mitundu iwiri: Rh positive (ili ndi Rh factor) ndi Rh negative (ilibe Rh factor).

Kawirikawiri timatcha mtundu wa magazi mwa kuphatikiza machitidwe onse a ABO ndi Rh (monga A positive, O negative).

N’chifukwa chiyani mitundu ya magazi imeneyi ndi yofunika?

Chofunika kwambiri ndichakuti poika magazi , ndiko kuti, popereka magazi kwa munthu wina, muyenera kupereka magazi ofanana ndi a munthu wina. Ngati mupereka magazi osagwirizana ndi a munthu wina, kuchitapo kanthu koopsa (`Transfusion reaction`) kungachitike m'thupi la munthu amene akulandira magaziwo ndipo kungakhale koopsa. Ichi ndichifukwa chake, kaya mukupereka magazi kapena kulandira magazi, mtundu wa magaziwo umadziwika bwino komanso wofanana.

Kodi tingatani kuti magazi athu akhale athanzi?

Kusunga magazi kukhala athanzi, komwe kumachita gawo lofunika kwambiri m'matupi athu, n'kofunika kwambiri. Pali zinthu zingapo zosavuta zomwe tingachite kuti tithandize:

• Zakudya zoyenera: Muyenera kudya zakudya zokhala ndi ayodini wambiri (masamba obiriwira, nyama yofiira, nyemba), folic acid, ndi vitamini B12 (izi ndizofunikira kwambiri popanga maselo ofiira a magazi). Onetsetsani kuti mwaphatikiza ndiwo zamasamba ndi zipatso zatsopano muzakudya zanu.
• Imwani madzi okwanira: Magazi nthawi zambiri amakhala madzi (plasma). Chifukwa chake, ndikofunikira kupewa kutaya madzi m'thupi kuti magazi akhale ndi thanzi.
• Kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi nthawi zonse: Kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi kumathandiza kuti mtima uzithamanga komanso kuti magazi aziyenda bwino.
• Pewani kusuta fodya komanso kumwa mowa mopitirira muyeso: Zizolowezi zimenezi zimawononga magazi komanso thanzi lonse.
• Kuyezetsa magazi nthawi zonse: Kuyezetsa magazi nthawi zonse monga kuwerengera magazi onse (FBC) kungathandize kuzindikira mavuto aliwonse a magazi msanga.

Kumbukirani, moyo wathanzi ndiye chinsinsi chabwino kwambiri cha dongosolo la magazi labwino!

Chidule: Zinthu zoti muzikumbukira

Chabwino, lero takambirana zambiri zokhudza magazi, sichoncho?

Mwachidule, magazi ndi chinthu chochirikiza moyo chomwe chimanyamula mpweya ndi michere ku selo iliyonse m'thupi lathu, chimachotsa zinyalala , chimatiteteza ku matenda , komanso chimagwira ntchito zina zambiri zofunika.

Magazi amapangidwa ndi maselo otchedwa `Red Blood Cells` , `White Blood Cells` , ndi `Platelet`, omwe amayandama mu madzi otchedwa `Plasma` . Selo lililonse mwa awa limagwira ntchito yakeyake.

Ndikofunikira kwambiri kukhala ndi zizolowezi zabwino zodyera, kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi, komanso kupewa zizolowezi zoipa kuti magazi athu akhale ndi thanzi labwino.

Ngati muli ndi mafunso kapena nkhawa zokhudzana ndi magazi anu, musazengereze kufunsa dokotala. Kudziwa bwino thupi lanu ndiyo njira yabwino kwambiri yokhalira ndi moyo wathanzi.

Mwamvetsa? Ndikukhulupirira kuti tsopano mwamvetsa bwino za madzi ofiira achilendo awa omwe akuyenda m'thupi lanu!

Magazi , Plasma, Maselo Ofiira a Magazi, Maselo Oyera a Magazi, Mapulateleti, Hemoglobin, Magulu a Magazi