Kodi mawu oti "opatsirana" amatanthauza chiyani? Tiyeni tiphunzire zonse zokhudza izi!

Mukadwala chimfine, kapena wina m'banja mwanu ali ndi chifuwa, mumaganiza kuti, "O, sindikudziwa ngati ndingatengenso kwa ena," sichoncho? Matenda ena amafalikira mwachangu kwambiri kuchokera kwa munthu wina kupita kwa wina. Ndicho chifukwa chake timawatcha kuti 'opatsirana.' Kotero lero tikambirana za 'opatsirana' awa ndi momwe tingadzitetezere ku matenda otere. Ngati tikudziwa zinthu zoyenera, tingapewe matenda ambiri.

Kodi kwenikweni mawu oti "kupatsirana" amatanthauza chiyani?

Mwachidule, "kupatsirana" kumatanthauza kuti matenda amatha kufalikira mosavuta kuchokera kwa munthu wina kupita kwa wina. Tangoganizani kuti mnzanu ali ndi chimfine. Akatsokomola kapena kuyetsemula, tizilombo ting'onoting'ono timatuluka mkamwa mwake ndi m'mphuno mwake. Ngati muli pafupi naye panthawiyo, tizilombo timeneti tingalowe m'thupi mwanu ndipo mutha kutenga chimfine. Ndicho chifukwa chake timatcha chimfine matenda opatsirana .

Kodi majeremusi amenewa ndi chiyani? Pali mitundu iwiri ya majeremusi omwe nthawi zambiri timalankhula za iwo.

1. Mabakiteriya: Awa ndi tizilombo tating'onoting'ono tomwe sitingathe kuoneka ndi maso. Mabakiteriya ena ndi abwino m'thupi lathu ndipo amatithandizanso. Koma mitundu ina ya mabakiteriya ingayambitse matenda ngati italowa m'thupi lathu.

2. Mavairasi: Awa ndi ang'onoang'ono kwambiri kuposa mabakiteriya. Mavairasi sangathe kukhala okha; amafunika kulowa mu selo m'thupi lathu kuti akule. Mavairasi nthawi zambiri amayambitsa matenda monga chimfine, chimfine, katsabola, ndi chikuku.

Kotero, ngati kachilombo (monga bakiteriya kapena kachilombo) komwe kamayambitsa matenda katha kufalikira kuchokera kwa munthu wina kupita kwa wina, timatcha matendawa kuti "matenda opatsirana."

Kodi matenda opatsiranawa amafalikira bwanji?

Pali njira zingapo zomwe matenda opatsirana angafalitsire kuchokera kwa munthu wina kupita kwa wina. Tiyeni tiwone tsopano.

1. Kulankhulana Mwachindunji

Iyi ndi njira yosavuta kwambiri. Matendawa amatha kufalikira mukakhudza munthu wodwala kapena kukhudza madzi amthupi mwake.

• Kugwirana manja: Ngati munthu wodwala ali ndi majeremusi m'manja mwake, mukagwirana dzanja, majeremusiwo amatha kulowa m'manja mwanu. Kenako, ngati mukhudza pakamwa panu, mphuno, kapena maso anu ndi dzanja limenelo, majeremusiwo amatha kulowa m'thupi mwanu.
• Kupsompsonana: Matenda ena (monga herpes) amatha kufalikira kudzera mu kupsompsonana.
• Kukhudza bala la munthu wodwala: Madzi ochokera ku bala amatha kukhala ndi majeremusi.

Tangoganizirani, mnzanu Nimal ali ndi chimfine. Amapukuta mphuno yake nthawi zonse ndikutseka pakamwa pake ndi dzanja lake akamatsokomola. Kenako amakugwedezani dzanja ndi dzanja lomwelo. Kenako kachilombo ka chimfine komwe kanali m'dzanja la Nimal kamafikanso m'dzanja lanu. Kunena zoona, ichi ndi chinthu choopsa kuchita!

2. Kudzera mu Mpweya - Madontho ndi tinthu tating'onoting'ono

Iyi nthawi zambiri ndiyo njira yaikulu yomwe matenda monga chimfine ndi fuluwenza amafalikira.

• Mukatsokomola ndi kuyetsemula (Droplet Spread):Munthu wodwala akatsokomola kapena kuyetsemula, amatulutsa madontho a malovu ndi mphuno. Madonthowa amakhala odzaza ndi tizilombo toyambitsa matenda. Nthawi zambiri amatha kuyenda mtunda wa pafupifupi mita imodzi mpaka ziwiri. Ngati madonthowa agwera m'mphuno, pakamwa, kapena m'maso mwa munthu wapafupi, amatha kufalitsa matendawa.
• Polankhula, kupuma (Kufalikira kwa mpweya - pa matenda ena): Majeremusi ena ndi ang'onoang'ono kwambiri. Amatha kuyandama mumlengalenga kwa nthawi yayitali ndikuyenda mtunda wautali. Matenda monga chifuwa chachikulu ndi chikuku amatha kufalikira motere.

3. Kulumikizana Mosalunjika (Anthu Osalumikizana Mwachindunji)

Izi zikutanthauza kuti matendawa amafalikira kudzera mu zinthu zomwe wodwala wakhudza.

Tangoganizirani munthu wodwala akugwira chogwirira chitseko, tebulo, kapena cholembera chakale kapena foni ndi dzanja lake lodzaza ndi tizilombo toyambitsa matenda. Kenako, ngati munthu wathanzi akhudza chinthucho kenako n’kukhudza pakamwa pake, mphuno, kapena maso ake, akhoza kutenga kachilomboka. Mu zamankhwala, timatcha zinthu zodzaza ndi tizilombo toyambitsa matenda izi kuti 'fomites' .

• Gwira chitseko, gwira zenera.
• Matebulo, mipando
• Zoseweretsa (makamaka pakati pa ana aang'ono)
• Tawulo, nsalu yopukutira
• Mabanki, ndalama
• Mafoni, makiyibodi a makompyuta

4. Chakudya ndi Madzi Odetsedwa

Matenda ena opatsirana, makamaka kutsekula m'mimba ndi kutsegula m'mimba (gastroenteritis), amayamba chifukwa chodya kapena kumwa chakudya kapena madzi odetsedwa. Matendawa amatha kupezeka mwa kudya chakudya kapena kumwa madzi omwe ali ndi tizilombo toyambitsa matenda.

• Nyama, nsomba, ndi mazira osaphikidwa bwino
• Zipatso ndi ndiwo zamasamba zosatsukidwa
• Madzi odetsedwa, zakumwa zoyeretsedwa mosayenera

5. Zinyama ndi Tizilombo - Zamoyo

Matenda ena opatsirana amatha kufalikira kuchokera ku nyama kupita kwa anthu kapena kudzera mwa tizilombo. Tizilombo tomwe timanyamula matenda amenewa timati ndi tizilombo tomwe timafalitsa matendawa.

• Udzudzu umafalitsa matenda monga Dengue, Malaria, ndi Chikungunya.
• Matenda ena amathanso kufalikira kuchokera ku utitiri ndi nkhupakupa.
• Zinyama zina zimatha kufalitsa matenda monga chiwewe (kudzera mu kulumidwa ndi nyama monga agalu ndi amphaka) ndi leptospirosis (kudzera m'madzi oipitsidwa ndi zinthu monga mkodzo wa makoswe).

Tsopano mwina mukumvetsa njira zingapo zomwe matenda opatsirana angafalikire, sichoncho?

Kodi matenda opatsirana omwe amapezeka kwambiri ndi ati?

Pali matenda opatsirana ambiri omwe ndi ofala pakati pathu.

• Chimfine Chofala: Ichi ndi chinthu chomwe pafupifupi aliyense wakumana nacho. Chingayambitsidwe ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya mavairasi. Chimafalikira kudzera mu kutsokomola ndi kuyetsemula.
• Fuluwenza: Izi zimayambitsidwanso ndi kachilombo. Ndi koopsa pang'ono kuposa chimfine wamba. Zimayambitsa kupweteka kwa thupi, kutentha thupi kwambiri, ndi chifuwa. Zimafalikiranso kwambiri kudzera mumlengalenga.
• Nthomba:Uwu ndi matenda omwe amafalikira ndi mavairasi. Umayambitsa matuza m'thupi ndipo umayabwa. Ungafalikire mwa kukhudzana mwachindunji ndi matuza a munthu amene ali ndi kachilomboka, kapena akamatsokomola kapena kuyetsemula.
• Chikuku: Ichinso ndi matenda opatsirana kwambiri komanso oopsa omwe amayambitsidwa ndi kachilomboka. Zizindikiro zake ndi monga malungo, chifuwa, maso ofiira, ndi kupweteka kwa thupi. Amafalikira kudzera mumlengalenga.
• Nkhuku: Matenda a kachilombo omwe amayambitsa kutupa kwa tinthu ta m'masaya mbali zonse ziwiri. Amafalikira kudzera m'malovu.
• Covid-19 (COVID-19): Aliyense akudziwa izi pofika pano. Zimayambitsidwa ndi kachilombo kotchedwa `(SARS-CoV-2). Kameneka kamafalikira kwambiri kudzera mu mpweya, kutanthauza, kudzera mu madontho omwe amatulutsidwa akamatsokomola, kutsekula m'mimba, kapena kulankhula.
• Matenda a Typhoid: Uwu ndi matenda omwe amayamba chifukwa cha mabakiteriya ndipo amafalikira kudzera mu chakudya ndi madzi oipitsidwa.
• Matenda a Conjunctivitis / Pink Diso: Matenda omwe amachititsa kuti maso azifiira, kuyabwa, komanso kukhala ndi madzi. Matendawa amafalikiranso mosavuta. Amafalikiranso ngati kutuluka kwa madzi m'maso mwa munthu wodwala matendawo kwafika m'manja ndipo manjawo akhudza maso a munthu wina.

Palinso matenda ena ambiri opatsirana ngati awa. Chofunika ndikumvetsetsa kuti pafupifupi matenda onsewa amafalikira ndi mtundu wina wa kachilombo (bakiteriya, kachilombo, kapena kachirombo kena kakang'ono).

Kodi "Zopatsirana" ndi "Zopatsirana" ndi chinthu chimodzi?

Ngakhale kuti mawu awiriwa nthawi zambiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito mofanana, pali kusiyana pang'ono.

"Zopatsirana" zikutanthauza kuti kachilombo (bakiteriya, kachilombo, bowa, kapena tizilombo toyambitsa matenda) kamalowa m'thupi ndi kuyambitsa matenda.

"Zopatsirana" zikutanthauza kuti matenda opatsirana amatha kufalikira mosavuta kuchokera kwa munthu mmodzi kupita kwa wina .

Mwachidule, matenda onse opatsirana ndi matenda opatsirana. Komabe, si matenda onse opatsirana omwe amafalikira nthawi zonse.

Mwachitsanzo, matenda a tetanasi ndi matenda opatsirana omwe amayamba chifukwa cha mabakiteriya. Koma safalikira kuchokera kwa munthu wina kupita kwa wina. Amayamba pamene mabakiteriya ochokera ku chilengedwe (nthaka, fumbi) alowa m'thupi kudzera mu bala.

Koma chimfine ndi matenda opatsirana, ndipo amafalikira mosavuta kuchokera kwa munthu wina kupita kwa wina. Lero tikulankhula makamaka za matenda opatsirana .

Kodi tiyenera kuchita chiyani kuti tidziteteze ku matenda opatsirana?

Pali mwambi wakuti "kupewa kuli bwino kuposa kuchiza." Zimenezi n'zoonanso pa matenda opatsiranawa. Ngati tisamala pang'ono, tingapewe matenda ambiriwa. Izi ndi zinthu zosavuta, koma zofunika kwambiri.

1. Sambani m'manja mwanu pafupipafupi

Iyi ndi njira yofunika kwambiri komanso yosavuta . Manja athu amatha kukhala ndi tizilombo toyambitsa matenda tosaoneka mamiliyoni ambiri. Ichi ndichifukwa chake kusamba m'manja moyenera ndikofunikira kwambiri.

• Kodi muyenera kusamba m'manja nthawi yanji?
• Musanadye komanso musanakonze chakudya.
• Pambuyo popita ku bafa.
• Ngati mutseka pakamwa panu ndi dzanja lanu mukamatsokomola kapena kuyetsemula, ndiye kuti...
• Mukapita kukawona wodwala, kapena mutakhudza wodwala.
• Pambuyo pokhudza nyamazo.
• Atatuluka ndi kubwera kunyumba.
• Musanatsuke bala komanso mutatsuka.
• Pambuyo potsuka mphuno.
• Kodi mumasamba m'manja mwanu moyenera bwanji?
• Choyamba, nyowetsani manja anu ndi madzi oyera.
• Kenako, onjezerani sopo wokwanira ndipo pakani mpaka itapaka bwino.
• Pakani kumbuyo kwa dzanja lanu, pakati pa zala zanu, pansi pa misomali yanu, ndi kuzungulira chala chanu chachikulu cha phazi. Muyenera kupukuta kwa masekondi osachepera 20 (mungathe kuyimba nyimbo ya "Happy Birthday" kawiri).
• Kenako sambitsani bwino ndi sopo ndi madzi.
• Umitsani manja anu ndi nsalu yoyera kapena thishu. Kumalo opezeka anthu ambiri, ndi bwino kugwiritsa ntchito choumitsira manja, kapena kubweretsa thishu yanu.

Ngati sopo ndi madzi sizikupezeka, mungagwiritse ntchito mankhwala oyeretsera m'manja omwe ali ndi mowa wosachepera 60%. Koma kumbukirani kuti, manja anu akakhala odetsedwa, mankhwala oyeretsera okha sikokwanira. Kusamba m'manja ndi sopo ndikwabwino kwambiri.

2. Phimbani pakamwa ndi mphuno yanu mukamatsokomola ndi kuyetsemula.

Ngati muli ndi chimfine kapena chifuwa, mukamatsokomola kapena kuyetsemula, majeremusi amatuluka mumlengalenga. Izi zitha kupatsira ena.

• Nthawi zonse gwiritsani ntchito pepala lophimba pakamwa ndi mphuno yanu. Tayani pepala logwiritsidwa ntchito nthawi yomweyo m'chidebe chotsekedwa cha zinyalala.
• Ngati mulibe minofu, khosomola kapena kuyetsemula m'chigongono cha chigongono chanu (mbali yomwe chigongono chanu chimapinda). Musagwiritse ntchito manja anu opanda kanthu. Chifukwa manja anu akangoyamba kudwala majeremusi, amafalikira pa chilichonse chomwe mumakhudza.

3. Khalani Pakhomo Mukadwala

Ngati muli ndi zizindikiro za matenda opatsirana (monga malungo, chifuwa, mphuno yotuluka madzi, kupweteka kwa thupi, kutsegula m'mimba, kusanza), khalani panyumba momwe mungathere. Pewani kupita ku ofesi, kusukulu, kapena m'malo opezeka anthu ambiri. Izi zikuthandizani kuti musafalitse matendawa kwa ena. Zidzakupatsaninso nthawi yoti muchire mwachangu.

4. Pezani Katemera

Katemera ndi chida champhamvu cholimbana ndi matenda osiyanasiyana opatsirana. Pali katemera wa matenda monga chikuku, nthiti, rubella, katsabola, chimfine, COVID-19, chifuwa chachikulu, polio, ndi chiwindi cha mtundu wa B. Katemerayu amaphunzitsa chitetezo chathu cha mthupi kuti chizilimbana ndi matenda amenewo.

• Perekani katemera wonse woperekedwa pansi pa Pulogalamu ya Katemera wa Dziko Lonse kwa ana pa nthawi yake.
• Akuluakulu angafunikenso katemera (monga chimfine, chibayo, tetanus booster). Funsani dokotala za izi.

5. Tsukani ndi Kuthira Majeremusi Pamalo Omwe Amakhudzidwa Kawirikawiri

Malo omwe amakhudzidwa kawirikawiri monga zogwirira zitseko, matebulo, maswichi a magetsi, mafoni, makiyibodi a makompyuta, ndi zimbudzi zimatha kukhala ndi majeremusi. Chifukwa chake, ndikofunikira kuyeretsa malowa nthawi zonse ndikupukuta ndi mankhwala ophera tizilombo toyambitsa matenda, makamaka ngati wina m'nyumbamo akudwala.

6. Musagawane Zinthu Zanu

Musagwiritse ntchito matawulo, malezala, mabulashi a mano, ziwiya zodyera, ndi mabotolo a madzi ndi ena chifukwa izi zitha kufalitsa matenda.

7. Moyo Wathanzi

Kudya zakudya zoyenera, kumwa madzi ambiri, kugona mokwanira (osachepera maola 7-8 patsiku), komanso kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi kungathandize kuti chitetezo cha mthupi lanu chikhale bwino. Izi zidzakuthandizani kuti musamadwale matenda.

Chitsanzo chaching'ono: Tangoganizani kuti wina mu ofesi yanu ali ndi chimfine. Ngati sakuphimba pakamwa pake ndi manja ake akamatsokomola kapena kuseka, majeremusi amenewo amatha kufika pa matebulo ndi zitseko za zitseko mu ofesi. Ngati mutakhudza malo amenewo kenako n’kudya chakudya osasamba m’manja, mumakhala ndi mwayi wodwala kwambiri. Koma ngati aliyense asamala chonchi, ngati asamba m’manja, ndipo ngati akudwala, angathe kuchepetsa kwambiri kufalikira kwa matenda amtunduwu, eti?

Kodi muyenera kuchita chiyani ngati mukuganiza kuti muli ndi matenda opatsirana?

Nthawi zina, ngakhale titasamala bwanji, tikhoza kudwalabe. Ngati zimenezo zitachitika, chitani zinthu izi.

1. Funsani upangiri kwa dokotala: Ngati muli ndi zizindikiro monga kutentha thupi, chifuwa chachikulu, kupuma movutikira, kupweteka kwambiri kwa thupi, kutsegula m'mimba kosalamulirika kapena kusanza, kapena ngati matenda anu sakuchira patatha masiku ochepa, onetsetsani kuti mwawonana ndi dokotala. Kenako mutha kudziwa chomwe chikuvuta ndikupeza chithandizo chofunikira. Makamaka ngati muli m'gulu la anthu omwe ali pachiwopsezo (mwana wamng'ono, munthu wokalamba, mayi wapakati, munthu yemwe ali ndi chitetezo chamthupi chofooka), funsani upangiri kwa dokotala nthawi yomweyo.

2. Kupuma: Kupuma thupi lanu kumathandiza kuti lichire msanga.

3. Imwani madzi ambiri: Mukakhala ndi malungo kapena kutsegula m'mimba, thupi lanu limataya madzi ambiri. Choncho imwani madzi ambiri, msuzi, phala, supu, ndi madzi a zipatso.

4. Pewani kufalitsa kachilomboka kwa ena: Khalani panyumba momwe mungathere. Khalani kutali ndi ena (kutalikirana). Ndi bwino kukhala m'chipinda china. Phimbani pakamwa panu mukamatsokomola ndi kuyetsemula. Sambani m'manja nthawi zambiri. Tsukani mbale zomwe mumagwiritsa ntchito padera.

5. Tsatirani malangizo a dokotala: Imwani mankhwala monga mwalangizidwira, pa nthawi yake, kwa nthawi yonse. Chitani zomwe akukuuzani kuti muchite.

Zinthu zomwe tiyenera kukumbukira kuchokera munkhaniyi (Uthenga Wopita Nawo Kunyumba)

Kotero, takambirana zambiri za matenda opatsirana lero, sichoncho? Kukumbukira zinthu izi kudzakuthandizani kwambiri inu, banja lanu, ndi ena m'gulu.

• "Zopatsirana" zikutanthauza kuti majeremusi omwe amayambitsa matenda amapatsirana kuchokera kwa munthu wina kupita kwa wina.
• Matendawa amatha kufalikira m'njira zambiri, kuphatikizapo kudzera mu mpweya, kudzera mu kukhudzana, kudzera mu chakudya ndi madzi oipitsidwa, komanso kudzera mu zinthu zoipitsidwa (fomites).
• Kusamba m'manja ndiyo njira yabwino komanso yosavuta yodzitetezera ku matenda opatsirana. Inde, sambani m'manja nthawi zambiri.
• Ndikofunikanso kuphimba pakamwa ndi mphuno yanu mukamatsokomola kapena kutsekula.
• Ngati muli ndi zizindikiro za matenda opatsirana, khalani panyumba kuti musawafalitse kwa ena.
• Katemera ndi chitetezo champhamvu ku matenda ambiri opatsirana. Pezani katemera woyenera.
• Ngati mukukayikira, ngati mwayamba matenda, funani upangiri kwa dokotala . Musachite zomwe mukumva, mverani zomwe dokotala akunena.

Kumbukirani, potsatira zizolowezi zazing'ono izi zaumoyo, tingapewe matenda ambiri akuluakulu ndikukhala athanzi. Ngati tonse titasamalira izi, titha kupangitsa anthu athu onse kukhala athanzi. Chitetezo chanu ndi chofunikira monga momwe chitetezo cha ena chilili!

Matenda opatsirana , zizolowezi zaumoyo, kusamba m'manja, katemera, chitetezo ku mavairasi, mabakiteriya, matenda