Kodi muli ndi mafunso okhudza Schizophrenia? Kodi 'Paranoid Schizophrenia' ndi chiyani? Tiyeni tifotokoze zonse!

Mwina mwamvapo dzina lakuti 'Paranoid Schizophrenia', sichoncho? Mwina winawake wakuuzanipo za dzinali. Koma kodi mukudziwa, madokotala sagwiritsanso ntchito dzina limenelo nthawi zambiri. Ndiye kodi Schizophrenia kwenikweni ndi chiyani? Kodi ndi chinthu choopadi? Tiyeni tikambirane za izi lero m'njira yosavuta yomwe mungamvetse.

Kodi mawu akuti 'Paranoid Schizophrenia' sakugwiritsidwanso ntchito? Ndiye kodi Schizophrenia ndi chiyani?

Mwachidule, 'Paranoid Schizophrenia' ndi mawu akale omwe madokotala sagwiritsanso ntchito. Kale, dzinali linkagwiritsidwa ntchito pofotokoza mtundu wa schizophrenia. Izi zikutanthauza kuti, anthu omwe amasonyeza zizindikiro zomwe zimaphatikizapo kukayikira kwakukulu kuti ena akufuna kuwavulaza (paranoia) kapena kukhulupirira zinthu zomwe sangavomereze ngakhale atauzidwa kuti sizowona (`delusions`).

Koma tsopano, pamene sayansi ya zamankhwala yapita patsogolo, gululi lasintha. Mu 2013, pamene bungwe la American Psychiatric Association linasintha buku lawo lothandizira matenda, `Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders Fifth Edition` (DSM-5), ndipo mu 2019, bungwe la World Health Organization linasintha gulu lawo la matenda padziko lonse lapansi, `International Classification of Diseases 11th edition` (ICD-11), anachotsa gululi lotchedwa `Paranoid Schizophrenia.`

Madokotala tsopano amaona kuti matenda a schizophrenia ndi chimodzi mwa matenda angapo otchedwa psychosis, pomwe maganizo amataya kukhudzana ndi zenizeni. Ndiko kuti, ndi matenda akulu, okhala ndi zizindikiro zosiyanasiyana. Sanagawidwe m'magulu ang'onoang'ono monga kale.

Ndani angadwale vutoli? Kodi ndi lofala bwanji?

Matenda a Schizophrenia nthawi zambiri amayamba mwa amuna azaka zapakati pa 15 ndi 25. Mwa akazi, nthawi zambiri amayamba pakati pa zaka 25 ndi 35. Komabe, izi sizikutanthauza kuti amakhudza mbali imodzi yokha. Mbali zonse ziwiri zimatha kudwala matendawa. Matenda a Schizophrenia ndi osowa kwambiri mwa ana aang'ono, koma amapezeka. Nthawi zambiri amakhala oopsa kwambiri.

Uwu si matenda omwe amafala tsiku ndi tsiku, koma ndi matenda omwe anthu ambiri adamvapo. Malinga ndi akatswiri, anthu pafupifupi 85 mwa anthu 10,000 aliwonse ali ndi mwayi wokhala ndi vutoli m'moyo wawo wonse. Padziko lonse lapansi, anthu pafupifupi 2.77 lakh atsopano amapezeka chaka chilichonse.

Kodi chimachitika ndi chiyani ku thupi ndi malingaliro pamene matenda a schizophrenia ayamba?

Schizophrenia ndi matenda amisala omwe amakhudza momwe ziwalo zosiyanasiyana za ubongo wanu zimagwirira ntchito. Amakhudza kwambiri momwe mumaganizira, kukumbukira, komanso momwe mumachitira zinthu. Anthu omwe ali ndi schizophrenia amavutika kusiyanitsa pakati pa zenizeni ndi zomwe sizili zenizeni. Nthawi zambiri amatha kuwona ndikumva zinthu zomwe sizili zenizeni (kuyerekezera zinthu) ndipo amakhulupirira kwambiri zinthu zomwe sizili zenizeni (kusocheretsa). Angakhalenso ndi malingaliro osakhazikika ndipo sangathe kuganiza bwino.

Kodi zizindikiro zazikulu za Schizophrenia ndi ziti?

Matenda a Schizophrenia nthawi zambiri amadutsa m'magawo atatu. Pa gawo loopsa kwambiri la matendawa, mutha kukumana ndi chimodzi mwa zizindikiro zazikulu zisanu izi:

• Zinyengo: Izi ndi zikhulupiriro zabodza zomwe sizingasinthidwe, ngakhale zitakhala ndi zifukwa kapena umboni wochuluka bwanji.
• Kuona zinthu m'maganizo: Kuona, kumva, kapena kumva zinthu zomwe sizilipo kwenikweni.
• Kulankhula kosokonezeka kapena kosamveka bwino: Zinthu zomwe zikunenedwa zitha kukhala zosiyana. Mawu osamveka bwino angagwiritsidwe ntchito.
• Khalidwe losakhazikika kapena lachilendo: Zinthu monga kuchita zinthu modabwitsa, kusaganizira za ukhondo wa munthu, ndi zina zotero.
• Zizindikiro zoipa: Izi ndi kuchepa kwa zinthu zomwe munthu amayembekezera, monga kusonyeza malingaliro ake, chidwi chake, komanso kuyanjana ndi anthu.

Paranoia ndi momwe imaonekera

Ngakhale kale linkatchedwa 'Paranoid Schizophrenia', paranoia nthawi zambiri imawoneka ndi schizophrenia. Paranoia iyi ndi njira yosakhulupirira ena, kukhulupirira kuti aliyense akuyesera kukuvulazani, ndikuchita zomwezo.

Kukayikira kumeneku kumachitika makamaka kudzera mu zizindikiro ziwiri zotchedwa `delusions` (zikhulupiriro zabodza) ndi `zilombo zooneka ngati zilombo` (kuona/kumva zinthu zomwe palibe).

• Zinyengo: Izi ndi zomwe ndatchula kale, zikhulupiriro zabodza zomwe sizingasinthidwe ngakhale umboni utakhala wotani. Zinyengo zomwe zimabwera ndi kukayikira nthawi zambiri zimakhala za "kuzunza". Izi zikutanthauza kuti amakhulupirira mwamphamvu kuti winawake akuyesera kuwavulaza, kuti akhudze miyoyo yawo. Tangoganizani, wina akuganiza kuti winawake akumupha chakudya, kapena kuti anansi ake akuwakonzera chiwembu usiku. Izi ndi zinyengo.
• Kuona zinthu m'maganizo: Izi ndi kuona kapena kumva zinthu zomwe sizilipo kwenikweni. Munthu akakhala ndi malingaliro m'maganizo, sangamvetse kuti si zenizeni. Izi nthawi zambiri zimalimbitsa malingaliro olakwika omwe atchulidwa kale. Mwachitsanzo, munthu angamve wina akumufuulira, kenako n’kuganiza kuti, “Aa, munthu ameneyo akufuna kundivulaza.”

Kusadziwa bwino za vuto lanu (`Anosognosia`)

Chizindikiro china chofala cha matenda a schizophrenia ndi matenda otchedwa ``Anosognosia.'' Izi zitha kufotokozedwa mwachidule ngati "kusadziwa bwino za matenda a munthu." Izi zikutanthauza kuti ubongo wa munthuyo sungamvetse kuti ali ndi matenda, ngakhale ali ndi zizindikiro kapena umboni wina woti ali nawo. Izi zimachitika kawirikawiri ndi matenda a schizophrenia, ndichifukwa chake anthu omwe ali ndi matenda a schizophrenia nthawi zambiri amakana chithandizo ndipo amakana kuvomereza kuti ali ndi matendawa.

Kodi n’chiyani chimayambitsa matenda a schizophrenia? Kodi pali zinthu zinazake zomwe zimayambitsa matenda amenewa?

Khalani ndi matenda a schizophreniaPalibe chifukwa chimodzi chokha chomwe chadziwika pakadali pano. Akatswiri amakhulupirira kuti pali zinthu zingapo zomwe zimayambitsa vutoli. Komabe, simungatsimikize kuti mudzakhala ndi matenda a schizophrenia chifukwa chakuti muli ndi chimodzi mwa zinthuzi. Iwo apeza zifukwa zitatu zazikulu zomwe zimayambitsa schizophrenia:

• Kusalingana kwa mankhwala muubongo wanu: Izi ndi kusintha kwa mankhwala (monga ma neurotransmitters) omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito polankhulana pakati pa maselo a ubongo.
• Mavuto a ubongo obadwa nawo: Mavuto ena omwe amakhudza kukula kwa ubongo musanabadwe, pamene muli m'mimba.
• Kusokonezeka kwa kulankhulana pakati pa ziwalo zosiyanasiyana za ubongo: Zigawo zosiyanasiyana za ubongo wanu zimagwira ntchito limodzi. Akatswiri amakhulupirira kuti kusokonekera kwa maubwenzi amenewa kungayambitse matenda a schizophrenia.

Kuphatikiza apo, pali zinthu zina zingapo zomwe zimawonjezera chiopsezo chotenga matenda a schizophrenia. Zinthuzi zikuphatikizapo kusintha kwa majini komwe makolo amatengera, kukhudzana ndi mankhwala enaake, mavuto omwe amabwera chifukwa cha mimba, komanso kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo. Komabe, palibe zomwe zadziwika kuti zimayambitsa matendawa.

Chofunika kwambiri ndichakuti matenda a schizophrenia si matenda opatsirana. Safalikira kuchokera kwa munthu wina kupita kwa wina.

Kodi madokotala amazindikira bwanji matendawa?

Matenda a Schizophrenia nthawi zambiri amawazindikira ndi katswiri wa zamaganizo, monga dokotala wa matenda amisala. Amagwiritsa ntchito njira ndi zida zosiyanasiyana kuti azindikire matendawa. Njirazi zikuphatikizapo kusanthula mbiri yanu yachipatala ndi yaumwini, kufunsa mafunso okhudza zomwe mwakumana nazo ndi zizindikiro zanu, komanso kuwona momwe mumachitira zinthu komanso momwe mumagwirira ntchito.

Njira zonsezi ziyenera kuphatikizidwa kuti zitsimikizire matenda a schizophrenia. Chifukwa, kuti zitsimikizire matendawa, zinthu zotsatirazi ndizofunikira:

• Zizindikiro ziwiri mwa zisanu zazikulu zomwe zatchulidwa kale ziyenera kukhalapo.
• Zizindikiro zazikuluzi ziyenera kukhalapo kwa mwezi umodzi kapena kuposerapo . Komanso, zotsatira zake zonse ziyenera kukhalapo kwa miyezi isanu ndi umodzi .
• Payenera kuti panali kusokonekera mu moyo wanu wa anthu kapena ntchito yanu .

Ndi mayeso ati omwe amachitidwa kuti adziwe matendawa?

Pali mayeso ambiri omwe angachite kuti athandize kuzindikira matenda a schizophrenia. Ngakhale kuti palibe mayeso awa omwe angathandize kuzindikira matenda a schizophrenia mwachindunji, angathandize kuchotsa matenda ena kapena mavuto omwe angayambitse zizindikiro zofanana.

Mayeso ena omwe angachitike ndi awa:

• Mayeso ojambulira zithunzi: Izi zikuphatikizapo ma CT scan ndi ma MRI scan.
• Mayeso a magazi, mkodzo, ndi madzi a msana ('Spinal tap'): Izi zimayang'ana zinthu monga kusintha kwa mankhwala m'madzi a m'thupi, poizoni wa zitsulo zolemera, ndi matenda opatsirana.
• Mayeso a ntchito ya ubongo:Electroencephalogram (EEG) imafufuza ndikulemba momwe ubongo wanu umagwirira ntchito. Izi zingathandize kuchotsa matenda monga khunyu.

Kodi pali mankhwala a izi? Kodi zingatheke kuchiritsidwa?

Schizophrenia ndi matenda omwe angathe kuchiritsidwa ndi kuthandizidwa, koma sangachiritsidwe. Anthu ena amatha kuchira kwathunthu ndipo sadzabwereranso m'mbuyo. Komabe, akatswiri amanena kuti anthu oterewa "ali bwino" chifukwa sizingatheke kuneneratu ngati adzabwereranso m'mbuyo.

Matenda a Schizophrenia nthawi zambiri amachiritsidwa pogwiritsa ntchito njira zingapo, kaya pamodzi kapena nthawi imodzi. Mankhwala, psychotherapy, ndi njira zodzisamalira ndizofunika kwambiri. Zonse zitatuzi, ngati zigwiritsidwa ntchito moyenera komanso nthawi zonse, zingathandize kuwongolera vutoli. Kuzindikira msanga ndi chithandizo choyambirira kumawonjezera mwayi wokhala ndi zotsatira zabwino.

Ndi mankhwala kapena mankhwala ati omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito?

Mankhwala ndi maziko a mapulani ochizira matenda a schizophrenia. Anthu omwe ali ndi matenda a schizophrenia nthawi zambiri amalandira chithandizo china chomwe chimawonjezera mphamvu ya mankhwala ndikuwathandiza.

Pali mitundu iwiri ikuluikulu ya mankhwala omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito pochiza matenda amisala: 'mankhwala wamba oletsa matenda amisala' ndi 'mankhwala achilendo oletsa matenda amisala'. Kuphatikiza apo, mankhwala ena angathandize kuchiza matenda amisala mwachindunji kapena kuchepetsa zotsatirapo zoyipa za mankhwala oletsa matenda amisala.

Mankhwala ena kapena njira zina zomwe zingathandize:

• Chithandizo cha maganizo: Chithandizo cha matenda amisala chimathandiza anthu omwe ali ndi matenda a schizophrenia kumvetsetsa ndi kuthana ndi vuto lawo. Chingathandizenso kuthana ndi mavuto ena amisala omwe angayambitsidwe ndi kapena kutsagana ndi schizophrenia.
• Chithandizo cha Electroconvulsive (ECT): Izi zimathandiza makamaka kwa anthu omwe ali ndi matenda a schizophrenia omwe salandira mankhwala, kapena pamene munthu ali pachiwopsezo chodzivulaza kapena kuvulaza ena chifukwa cha zizindikiro zazikulu za psychosis.

Kodi ndingadzisamalire bwanji kapena kuthana ndi zizindikiro?

Simuyenera kudzipeza nokha ndi matenda a schizophrenia, kapena munthu amene mumamukonda, chifukwa nthawi zina izi sizovuta kuzizindikira. Zimafunika maphunziro ndi luso kuti mudziwe bwino matendawa. Komanso, zizindikiro za matendawa zimatha kuchitika ndi matenda ena, monga `Paranoid Personality Disorder` kapena `Delusional Disorder`. Pazifukwa zonsezi, dokotala ayenera kuzindikira matendawa.

Ngati muli ndi mafunso okhudza momwe mudzamvera msanga mutayamba kulandira chithandizo, dokotala wanu ndiye gwero labwino kwambiri la chidziwitso. Iye adzatha kukupatsani kuyerekezera kolondola, poganizira zinthu zomwe zingakhudze momwe chithandizocho chikugwirira ntchito. Iye adzakuuzaninso za njira zina zochiritsira ngati chithandizo choyamba sichinapambane.

Kumbukirani, matenda a schizophrenia ndi matenda omwe amakula mosayembekezereka. Chifukwa chake, sangathe kupewedwa kapena chiopsezo chotenga matendawa chingachepe.

Ngati ndili ndi vutoli, ndiyenera kuyembekezera chiyani?

Schizophrenia ndi matenda omwe angasokoneze kwambiri moyo wa munthu chifukwa amakhudza ubale wake ndi zenizeni. Izi zikutanthauza kuti munthu amene ali ndi schizophrenia amavutika kudziwa zomwe zili zoona ndi zomwe zili zabodza. Zingakhale zowopsa komanso zosokoneza.

Munthu akakhala ndi malingaliro olakwika komanso malingaliro olakwika pamodzi ndi mantha omwe atchulidwa pamwambapa, nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi mantha komanso osakhulupirira ena. Munthu amene ali ndi matenda a schizophrenia angakhulupirire molakwika kuti anthu amene akuyesera kuwathandiza akuyesera kuwavulaza.

Ndi chithandizo, matenda a schizophrenia amatha kuthandizidwa kwambiri. Popanda chithandizo, kapena ngati chithandizo chachedwa kapena chayimitsidwa, anthu omwe ali ndi matenda a schizophrenia amakhala ndi mwayi wovutika ndi zotsatira za matendawa. Izi zitha kukhala ndi zotsatirapo zoopsa komanso zoopsa pa miyoyo yawo. Angakhale ndi vuto losunga ubale komanso kugwira ntchito molimbika. Izi zitha kubweretsa mavuto monga kutaya nyumba zawo komanso kudzipatula. Anthu omwe ali ndi matenda a schizophrenia alinso pachiwopsezo chachikulu chodzipha. Izi zikutanthauza kuti chithandizo sichingathandize kokha, komanso chingapulumutse moyo.

Matenda a Schizophrenia ndi matenda osachiritsika omwe munthu amakhala nawo kwa moyo wake wonse. Anthu ena amatha kukhala ndi vuto la schizophrenia kamodzi kokha m'moyo wawo kenako n’kusiya. Komabe, madokotala amaona kuti matenda oterewa ndi “ochepa” m’malo mochira kapena kuthetsedwa. Izi zili choncho chifukwa zizindikiro zimatha kubwerera mosayembekezereka.

Kodi ndimadzisamalira bwanji?

Ngati muli ndi matenda a schizophrenia, kudzisamalira nokha ndi kusamalira matenda anu ndi chinthu chomwe mungachite. Makamaka mukamanga ubale wolimba komanso wodalirika ndi dokotala wanu komanso okondedwa anu. Nazi zina mwazinthu zofunika kwambiri zomwe mungachite kuti mudzisamalire:

• Imwani mankhwala anu monga mwalangizidwira (musasiye kumwa popanda kulankhula ndi dokotala wanu).
• Onani dokotala wanu nthawi zonse (maulendo awa adzakuthandizani kupanga mankhwala kapena dongosolo la chithandizo lomwe likuyenererani).
• Musanyalanyaze kapena kupewa zizindikiro zanu.
• Pewani kumwa mowa ndi kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo (izi zingapangitse kuti zizindikiro zanu zikhale zovuta kwambiri kapena kuyambitsa mavuto ena).
• Musaope kupempha thandizo. Pangani ubale ndi anthu odalirika - makamaka okondedwa anu ndi dokotala wanu. Musadzipatule kwa iwo.

Kuwonjezera pa masiku omwe mwauzidwa kuti mukaone dokotala wanu, pitani kwa dokotala wanu ngati muwona kusintha kwa zizindikiro zanu kapena kusintha kwa kugwira ntchito kwa mankhwala anu.

Ngati muli ndi maganizo ofuna kudzivulaza, kudzipha, kapena kuvulaza ena, pitani kuchipatala kapena imbani nambala yadzidzidzi nthawi yomweyo.

Kodi ndingatani ngati wokondedwa wanga akuwonetsa zizindikiro za Schizophrenia kapena vuto lofanana nalo?

Popeza anthu omwe ali ndi matenda a schizophrenia sadziwa zizindikiro kapena vuto lawo, nthawi zambiri amaganiza kuti safunikira thandizo lachipatala kapena chithandizo. Izi zitha kukhala zokhumudwitsa komanso zoopsa kwa munthu amene ali ndi zizindikirozo komanso kwa omwe amawasamalira.

Ngati muwona kuti wokondedwa wanu akuwonetsa zizindikiro za schizophrenia kapena vuto lofanana, mutha kuyesa kuwathandiza m'njira izi:

• Funsani momwe mungathandizire. Mwa kumvetsera ndi kupereka thandizo lanu, mutha kusunga njira zolankhulirana zotseguka. Zimathandizanso kuti azimva kuti akugwirizana ndi ena.
• Alimbikitseni kuti akaone munthu amene angathandize. Chithandizo cha matenda a schizophrenia, makamaka mankhwala, chingathandize kuchepetsa zizindikiro za munthu. Nthawi zambiri, zimenezo zokha zimangowathandiza kuzindikira kuti ali ndi vuto lachipatala lomwe limafuna thandizo la dokotala.
• Musaweruze kapena kukangana. Anthu omwe ali ndi matenda a schizophrenia amavutika kusiyanitsa pakati pa chowonadi ndi bodza. Pewani kuwaweruza kapena kuyesa kuwatsimikizira kuti akukumana ndi zilombo kapena mabodza. Izi zingawapangitse kutaya chidaliro mwa inu ndikuwonjezera kukayikira kwawo.
• Khalani chete. Mkwiyo ndi kukhumudwa zingakhudze ubale wanu ndi wokondedwa wanu yemwe ali ndi matenda a schizophrenia. Angakhumudwenso mosavuta m'malo aphokoso kapena osokonezeka. Yesani kusankha malo abata komanso odekha. Chitani zomwe mungathe kuti amve kuti ndi otetezeka komanso omasuka momwe mungathere.
• Pezani thandizo pakagwa ngozi. Ngati munthu amene ali ndi matenda a schizophrenia akunena kuti akudzivulaza yekha kapena ena, kapena ngati akusonyeza kukayikira kwambiri, kusokonezeka maganizo, kapena akuchita zachiwawa, muyenera kuyimbira foni nambala yanu yadzidzidzi yapafupi nthawi yomweyo.

Pomaliza, uthenga woti mutenge kunyumba:

Ngakhale kuti 'Paranoid Schizophrenia' ndi mawu akale a vutoli, paranoia ikadali gawo lofala la zizindikiro zomwe anthu amakumana nazo. Schizophrenia ndi vuto losokoneza, lomwe nthawi zambiri limawopsa lomwe anthu amataya kukhudzana ndi zenizeni ndipo sangathe kusiyanitsa pakati pa zomwe zili zenizeni ndi zomwe sizili.

Anthu akamakayikira, zimawavuta kudalira anthu omwe akufuna kuwathandiza. Izi zingapangitse kuti zikhale zovuta kuzindikira ndi kuchiza vutoli. Komabe, ndi thandizo lachipatala, makamaka mankhwala, anthu omwe ali ndi matenda a schizophrenia angapewe mavuto akuluakulu ndikukhala ndi moyo wokhutiritsa. Ngati mukuganiza kuti inuyo kapena wokondedwa wanu mukukumana ndi zizindikirozi, chonde funsani upangiri wa dokotala. Ndicho chinthu chabwino kwambiri chomwe mungachite.

` Schizophrenia, Paranoid Schizophrenia, Thanzi la Maganizo, Kusokonezeka maganizo, Kuona Zinthu Molakwika, Chithandizo, Anosognosia