Kodi matenda a Prion ndi chiyani? Tiyeni tidziwe bwino lomwe!

Kodi mudamvapo za 'Matenda a Prion' awa? Mwina dzinali ndi latsopano kwa inu. Chifukwa chake ndi chakuti ili ndi gulu la matenda omwe ndi osowa kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi. Komabe, ndikofunikira kwambiri kudziwa za matendawa, chifukwa amakhudza mwachindunji ubongo wathu ndipo zizindikiro zake zimakhala zoopsa mwachangu kwambiri. Zitha kuchitika mwa anthu komanso nyama.

Kodi Matenda a Prion ndi chiyani?

Mwachidule, matenda a prion ndi gulu la matenda omwe amayamba chifukwa cha puloteni yabwinobwino muubongo mwathu yomwe imasintha modabwitsa kukhala mapuloteni oopsa otchedwa "prions." Tangoganizani selo labwino m'thupi mwathu mwadzidzidzi litasanduka selo loipa, losinthika.

Pamene mapuloteni a prion osazolowereka awa asonkhana mu ubongo, amayamba kuwononga maselo a ubongo. Kunena zoona, uwu ndi matenda a neurodegenerative . Pakapita nthawi, kuwonongeka kumeneku kungayambitse kuchepa pang'onopang'ono kwa ntchito ya ubongo, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti munthu akhale ndi matenda monga dementia . Izi zikutanthauza kuti mumataya kukumbukira, mumavutika kuganiza, ndipo simungathe kuchita ntchito yanu. Choopsa kwambiri pa matendawa ndichakuti zizindikirozi zimayamba mwadzidzidzi ndipo zimakula mofulumira kwambiri. Matendawa amakhudza anthu pafupifupi mmodzi pa anthu miliyoni padziko lonse lapansi. Izi zikutanthauza kuti ndi osowa kwambiri.

Matenda a Prion ndi matenda oopsa kwambiri . Izi zikutanthauza kuti matendawa akayamba, zimakhala zovuta kuchiza. Madokotala amayesetsa kuwongolera zizindikiro zake ndikupangitsa wodwalayo kukhala womasuka momwe angathere. Amathandizanso wodwalayo kuthana ndi momwe matendawa amakhudzira moyo wake, banja lake, komanso omwe amamusamalira.

Kodi matenda a prion awa amakula bwanji?

Pali njira zitatu zazikulu zomwe munthu angakulitsire matenda a prion.

1. Mwa kulandira kusintha kwa majini (izi zimatchedwa matenda a prion a m'banja).

2. Kudzera mu matenda (izi zimatchedwa matenda a prion omwe amapezedwa).

3. Komabe, nthawi zambiri, matendawa amapezeka popanda chifukwa chilichonse cha majini kapena matenda akunja . Ofufuza ndi madokotala amatcha matendawa kuti 'matenda a prion okhazikika'.

Tsopano tiyeni tiwone njira iliyonse mwa izi mwatsatanetsatane.

Matenda a Prion Osakhazikika

Uwu ndiye mtundu wofala kwambiri wa matenda a prion. Chomwe chimachitika apa ndi chakuti, popanda chifukwa chomveka, mapuloteni abwinobwino muubongo amasanduka mwadzidzidzi 'prions' oipa omwe atchulidwa pamwambapa. Chifukwa chenicheni chomwe izi zimachitikira sichikudziwikabe.

Matenda akuluakulu omwe ali m'gululi ndi awa:

• Matenda a Creutzfeldt-Jakob (CJD) : Izi zimapangitsa 85% ya matenda a prion omwe amafalikira nthawi ndi nthawi. Ndi mtundu wofala kwambiri.
• Kusowa tulo kosayembekezerekaIzi sizichitika kawirikawiri. Zimakhala zochepa kwambiri kuposa kusowa tulo komwe kumadzetsa imfa chifukwa cha cholowa.
• Matenda a prionopathy omwe amakhudzidwa ndi protease : Uwu ndi matenda a prion omwe amapezeka kawirikawiri.

Matenda a Prion a m'banja

Mtundu uwu wa matenda a prion umayamba chifukwa cha kusintha kwa majini otchedwa `PRNP` m'majini athu. Matendawa amatha kuchitika kaya kusinthaku kwachokera kwa mayi kapena bambo (izi zimatchedwa `autosomal dominant inheritance`). Masinthidwe opitilira 50 osiyanasiyana mu jini ya `PRNP` apezeka, ndipo kusintha kulikonse kungayambitse mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya matenda a prion obadwa nawo.

Matenda ena omwe ali m'gulu ili:

• Matenda a Family Creutzfeldt-Jakob (CJD)
• Matenda a Gerstmann-Sträussler-Scheinker (GSS) : Izi zimachitika kawirikawiri kwambiri. Zimapezeka mwa munthu m'modzi mpaka khumi mwa anthu 100 miliyoni padziko lonse lapansi.
• Kusowa tulo m'banja : Izi n'zosowa kwambiri kuposa matenda a GSS. Mabanja 50 mpaka 70 okha padziko lonse lapansi ali ndi kusintha kwa majini komwe kumayambitsa matendawa.
• Matenda ena a prion omwe amayamba chifukwa cha kusintha kwa majini a PRNP nawonso anenedwa. Mwachitsanzo, anthu 11 ochokera m'banja la ku Britain adadwala zizindikiro monga kutsegula m'mimba, kumva kudzimbidwa, khunyu, ndi matenda amisala. Matendawa, otchedwa autonomic neuropathy, amakhudza zinthu monga kuthamanga kwa magazi, kugunda kwa mtima, komanso kusadziletsa kwa mkodzo ndi matumbo.

Matenda a Prion Omwe Anapezeka

Iyi ndi njira yosazolowereka yopezera matenda a prion. Apa, munthu angatenge matendawa mwa kudya chakudya chodetsedwa ndi ma prion (monga nyama ya ng'ombe yomwe ili ndi 'matenda a ng'ombe opusa') kapena pogwiritsa ntchito zipangizo zachipatala zodetsedwa (monga, panthawi ya opaleshoni).

• Kuru ndiye woyamba wa matenda opatsirana a mitsempha omwe apezeka ndikuphunzira. Anapezeka pakati pa anthu a ku Papua New Guinea. Akukhulupirira kuti anafalikira kudzera mu miyambo yawo (monga kudya nyama ya munthu).

Mwamwayi, njira zotsukira mosamala zida zachipatala masiku ano komanso kusamalira chitetezo cha chakudya zachepetsa kwambiri kufalikira kwa matenda a prion mwanjira imeneyi.

Kodi matenda oopsa kwambiri a prion ndi ati?

Ndipotu, matenda onse a prion ndi oopsa . Izi zikutanthauza kuti, ngati mutatenga matendawa, mudzafa ndithu. Kawirikawiri, wodwalayo amafa mkati mwa miyezi ingapo mpaka zaka zitatu kuchokera pamene zizindikiro za matenda a prion zayamba.

Kodi zizindikiro za matenda a prion ndi ziti?

Zizindikiro za matenda a prion zimatha kusiyana, kutengera mtundu wa matenda a prion komanso gawo la ubongo lomwe lakhudzidwa. Koma nthawi zambiri, anthu omwe ali ndi matenda a prion amakhala ndi mavuto ndi mitsempha yawo yomwe imakula pang'onopang'ono.

Izi ndi zina mwa zizindikiro zodziwika bwino:

• Kuvutika kuyenda, kugwedezeka (`Ataxia`)
• Kuvuta kulankhula, kusalankhula bwino mawu (`Aphasia`)
• Kusokonezeka, kusokonezeka
• Kusowa tulo
• Kutaya kukumbukira, kuvutika kuganiza komanso kupanga zisankho
• Kuyenda pang'onopang'ono kapena kuuma kwa minofu (`Hypokinetic movement disorders`)
• Kugwedezeka mwadzidzidzi, kugwedezeka (`Myoclonus`)
• Kusintha kwa umunthu (monga kukwiya, kukwiya)
• Mavuto amisala (monga nkhawa, kuvutika maganizo, ndipo nthawi zina ngakhale kuona zinthu molakwika)

Tangoganizirani, munthu amene ali pafupi nanu kwambiri akuyamba kusintha mwadzidzidzi. Amaiwala zinthu, satha kulankhula monga kale, amavutika kuyenda. Kodi zimamupweteka bwanji kuona zizindikiro zimenezi?

Kodi mavuto a matenda a prion ndi otani?

Mavuto a matenda a prion amatha kulumikizidwa, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti pakhale mavuto ambiri omwe angakhudze kwambiri wodwalayo, komanso banja lake ndi anzake omwe amamusamalira.

Mavutowa angachitike mkati mwa miyezi ingapo kapena chaka chimodzi zizindikiro zitayamba:

• Kulephera kuchita ntchito yako wekha
• Matenda amisala ( kutayika kwathunthu kwa kukumbukira)
• Kulephera kulankhula (`Mutism`)
• Chikomokere (iyi ndi gawo lomaliza)

Munthu akakhala ndi matenda a prion, nthawi yomweyo amayamba kudalira ena. Banja ndi ena amakhalapo kuti amusamalire ndikumuthandiza. Pakadali pano, kuona wokondedwa wake akutaya kukumbukira, akulephera kulankhula, komanso kusintha kwa umunthu wake kumakhala kovuta kwambiri kwa osamalira.

Nchifukwa chiyani matenda a prion awa amapezeka?

Iyi ndi nkhani ya sayansi pang'ono, koma ndingonena mwachidule. Matenda a Prion amayamba pamene puloteni ya prion yabwinobwino muubongo mwathu (yotchedwa `PrPc`) imasanduka puloteni yolakwika (yotchedwa `PrPSc` - imeneyo ndi prion).

Ma prion osazolowereka awa (`PrPSc`) amayamba kusonkhana, kapena kumamatira ku, mapuloteni abwinobwino a prion (`PrPc`), kuwasandutsa ma prion osazolowereka. Zili ngati kuponya apulo woipa mu mulu wa maapulo abwino, ndipo ena onse amawonongekanso. Pakapita nthawi, mapuloteni osazolowereka a prion awa amawononga kapena kuwononga maselo amitsempha muubongo. Pamenepo ndiye pamene simungathe kuyenda, kuganiza, kapena kulankhula bwino.

Kodi matenda a prion amapezeka bwanji?

Madokotala angagwiritse ntchito mayeso otsatirawa kuti adziwe matenda a prion:

• Kuyezetsa magazi ndi kubowola kwa lumbar : Anthu omwe ali ndi kusintha kwa majini komwe kumayambitsa matenda a prion obadwa nawo amafufuzidwa kuti awone ngati ali ndi matenda kapena kuwonongeka m'magazi awo kapena madzi a m'mitsempha (madzi omwe amazungulira ubongo ndi msana).
• Kujambula kwa MRI ya ubongo : Izi zitha kujambula zithunzi zomveka bwino za ubongo, kuti madokotala athe kuwona zizindikiro za matenda a prion.
• Electroencephalogram (EEG) : Iyi imayesa ntchito yamagetsi ya ubongo.
• Kuyesa kwa Real-time quaking-induced conversion assay (RT-QuiC) : Mu mayeso awa, akatswiri a matenda amafufuza ma prion mu madzi amsana. Iyi ndi mayeso atsopano komanso olondola.

Kodi pali mankhwala a matenda a prion?

Mwatsoka, madokotala sanapezebe mankhwala a matenda a prion kapena mankhwala omwe angachepetse kufalikira kwa matendawa. Matenda a Prion ndi matenda oopsa . Anthu ambiri amafa mkati mwa miyezi ingapo kapena zaka kuchokera pamene apezeka ndi matenda a prion.

Chithandizo chimayang'ana kwambiri pa chisamaliro chochepetsa ululu . Izi zikutanthauza kuwongolera zizindikiro ndikupangitsa wodwalayo kukhala womasuka komanso wopanda ululu momwe angathere. Mwachitsanzo, madokotala angapereke mankhwala a zinthu monga:

• Mankhwala oletsa kugunda kwa mtima kapena opumitsa minofu a myoclonus.
• Ma opioid ochepetsa ululu.

Kodi munthu amene ali ndi matenda a prion ali ndi tsogolo lotani?

Pakadali pano, palibe mankhwala kapena mankhwala a matenda a prion. Komabe, ofufuza akufufuza izi m'njira ziwiri, zomwe zingathandize kuzindikira matendawa msanga komanso chithandizo chamtsogolo.

Mayeso a `RT-QuiC` omwe atchulidwa pamwambapa athandiza kuzindikira matenda a prion ubongo usanawonongeke. Ofufuza akufufuzanso ma prion kuti apeze njira zoletsera kupangika kwa mapuloteni osazolowerekawa komanso kupewa mapuloteni abwinobwino kuti asazolowere.

Kodi ndiyenera kuchita chiyani ngati ndili ndi matenda a prion?

Popeza matenda a prion amakula mofulumira kwambiri, zingakhale zovuta kuti mugwire ntchito yanu nokha. Ngati muli ndi matendawa, ndi bwino kukhala ndi "chitsogozo pasadakhale" .

Malangizo apatsogolo ndi zikalata zalamulo. Zitsanzo:

• Maufulu a moyo : Ngati muli ndi matenda osachiritsika monga matenda a prion, chikalatachi chingatchule zomwe mukufuna kuti zikuchitikireni (monga ngati mukufuna chithandizo china kapena ayi).
• Mphamvu Yokhazikika ya Loya wa Zaumoyo (DPA): Chikalatachi chingatchule amene adzapange zisankho zanu zazaumoyo ngati simungathenso kudzilankhulira nokha.

Mukakonzekera zinthu ngati izi pasadakhale, mutha kuchepetsa nkhawa zomwe inu ndi banja lanu mudzakumane nazo mtsogolo.

Nanga bwanji ngati wina m'banjamo ali ndi matenda a prion obadwa nawo?

Nthawi zina, anthu amatengera kusintha kwa majini komwe kumawonjezera chiopsezo chawo chotenga matenda a prion. Mayeso a majini amatha kudziwa ngati muli ndi kusintha kwa majini komwe kumayambitsa matenda a prion. Mayesowa angasonyezenso chiopsezo chanu chenicheni.

Kupeza mayeso a majini a matenda oopsa ndi chisankho cha munthu payekha. Anthu ena safuna kudziwa ngati ali pachiwopsezo. Ngati mukufuna kuyezetsa majini, funsani dokotala kuti akutumizireni uthenga. Mwachitsanzo, ku United States, pali mabungwe monga ``National Prion Disease Pathology Surveillance Center`` pankhaniyi. Palinso madokotala apadera ku Sri Lanka omwe angakupatseni upangiri pankhaniyi.

Kodi mumasamalira bwanji wachibale wanu amene ali ndi matenda a prion?

Matenda ngati amenewa angasinthe moyo wanu wonse wa tsiku ndi tsiku. Pamene mukuvutika ndi chisoni chomva kuti wokondedwa wanu ali ndi matenda osachiritsika, muyeneranso kukonzekera momwe mungasamalire wachibale wanu. Nazi malingaliro ena:

• Pangani dongosolo losamalira odwala : Kutengera ndi momwe zinthu zilili, wachibale wanu angafunike chisamaliro m'nyumba yogona anthu, kapena angafunike chisamaliro kunyumba, kudalira banja, abwenzi, ndi othandizira pa zaumoyo. Wokondedwa wanu angafunike thandizo pa ntchito za tsiku ndi tsiku, monga kupita kuchimbudzi ndi kudya.
• Konzani chisamaliro cha odwala omwe ali ndi vuto la hospice : Matenda a Prion ndi matenda oopsa omwe amatha kubuka mwadzidzidzi ndikukulirakulira mwachangu kwambiri. Ngati mukonza chisamaliro cha odwala omwe ali ndi vuto la hospice pasadakhale, wokondedwa wanu angalandire chithandizocho akachifuna.
• Pangani malo abata : Anthu omwe ali ndi matenda a prion nthawi zambiri amakhala omasuka kwambiri ndi zochitika zadzidzidzi (monga kukhudza wina, kumva phokoso lalikulu, kukhala m'malo odzaza anthu). Angakwiye kapena kukwiya. Kusamalira malo awo kungawathandize kukhala bata komanso omasuka.

Pa nthawi ngati iyi, ndikofunikira kuti wosamalira aziganiziranso za iye mwini. Mufunikanso kupuma ndi chithandizo. Musayese kunyamula katunduyu nokha.

Kodi ndiyenera kupita kwa dokotala liti?

Zizindikiro za matenda a prion nthawi zambiri zimakula mofulumira kwambiri. Ngati inu kapena wina m'banja mwanu ali ndi matenda a prion, muyenera kugwira ntchito ndi madokotala anu kuti muchepetse zotsatira za matendawa.

Makamaka, ngati zizindikiro zomwe zatchulidwa kale (monga kuiwala, kuyenda movutikira, kulankhula movutikira, kusintha kwa umunthu) zayamba mwadzidzidzi ndikuipiraipira mofulumira, funsani upangiri wa dokotala nthawi yomweyo.

Ndi mafunso ati omwe ndiyenera kufunsa dokotala wanga?

Kupeza kuti inu kapena wina m'banja mwanu ali ndi matenda a prion kungakhale kodabwitsa kwambiri. Inu ndi banja lanu muli ndi mavuto ambiri tsopano, ndipo ena adzabuka pamene matendawa akupita patsogolo. Nazi mafunso ena okuthandizani kumvetsetsa zomwe mungayembekezere:

• Kodi mukudziwa bwanji kuti ndili ndi matenda a prion?
• Kodi ndi matenda ati a prion omwe ndili nawo?
• Kodi zimandikhudza bwanji?
• Kodi ndiyenera kuchita chiyani kenako?
• Kodi ndingatani kuti ndisamalire wachibale wanga?
• Kodi banja langa liyenera kupatsidwa uphungu ndi kuyezetsa majini?

Pomaliza, zinthu zoti muzikumbukira

Matenda a Prion ndi gulu la matenda osowa komanso oopsa omwe amakhudza ubongo wanu. Zizindikiro za Prion zimatha kubwera mwadzidzidzi ndikuipiraipira mwachangu. Zingakhale zopweteka kwambiri kudziwa kuti inu kapena munthu amene mumamukonda ali ndi matenda omwe alibe mankhwala kapena chithandizo chowongolera.

Komabe, pali mankhwala othandiza kuchepetsa zizindikiro . Ndipo pali mapulogalamu ndi mautumiki othandizira omwe akhudzidwa ndi matenda a prion ndi osamalira awo. Ngati inu kapena munthu amene mumamukonda ali ndi matenda a prion, musaope kufunsa mafunso ndikupempha thandizo. Simuli nokha.

Matenda a Prion , Matenda a Ubongo, Matenda a Mitsempha, Dementia, CJD, Matenda a Majini