Matenda osowa omwe amakhudza ubongo: Kodi mukudziwa za PML? (Progressive Multifocal Leukoencephalopathy - PML)

Kodi mudamvapo za matenda otchedwa PML (Progressive Multifocal Leukoencephalopathy)? Mwina simukudziwa dzinali. Chifukwa chake ndi chakuti PML ndi matenda osowa kwambiri omwe amakhudza ubongo wathu. Chomwe chimachitika pamenepa ndichakuti maselo omwe amapanga myelin, chitetezo chozungulira maselo amitsempha muubongo wathu, amawonongeka pang'onopang'ono. Myelin ndi chinthu chomwe chili ngati mafuta. Ichi ndi chomwe chimateteza ma neuron muubongo ndi msana (dongosolo lathu lapakati la mitsempha). Chifukwa chake myelin iyi ikatayika, chinthu choyera muubongo chimawonongeka.

Kodi dzina lakuti PML linamaanisha chiyani?

Tsopano tiyeni tiwone tanthauzo la zilembo za dzina lakuti PML. Kumvetsa izi kukupatsani lingaliro lomveka bwino la matendawa.

• P — Kupita Patsogolo: Izi zikutanthauza kuti matendawa akuipiraipira pang'onopang'ono . Izi zikutanthauza kuti zizindikiro zitha kuwonjezeka pakapita nthawi.
• M — Multifocal: Izi zikutanthauza kuti matendawa samangokhala gawo limodzi la ubongo, koma amakhudza madera angapo . Zili ngati pali zilonda zazing'ono m'madera angapo a ubongo.
• L — Leukoencephalopathy: Mawu awa akumveka ovuta pang'ono, sichoncho? Mwachidule, amatanthauza kuti matendawa amakhudza kwambiri myelin, kapena chinthu choyera, muubongo .

Choncho, PML imayambitsa kuwonongeka kwa ubongo. Kuwonongeka kumeneku kungayambitse mavuto osiyanasiyana a mitsempha. Mwachitsanzo, kusokonezeka kwa maganizo, mavuto a maso, komanso kuyenda movutikira. Chifukwa chakuti PML ndi matenda opitirira muyeso, imatha kuipiraipira pakapita nthawi. Komabe, kwa anthu ena, chithandizo choyambirira chingachedwetse kupita patsogolo kwa matendawa.

Kodi zizindikiro zoyambirira za PML ndi ziti?

Kwa anthu ambiri, zizindikiro za PML zimayamba pang'onopang'ono kwambiri. Komanso, zizindikiro zimatha kusiyana kutengera gawo la ubongo lomwe lakhudzidwa ndi matendawa. Taganizirani izi ngati nthambi ya mtengo ikafa, ntchito zina zonse pa nthambiyo zimasiya kugwira ntchito.

Zizindikiro zoyamba za PML zitha kukhala:

• Kusakhazikika kapena kusagwirizana
• Kuvuta kulankhula kapena kuganiza
• Kumva kufooka m'thupi

Pamene matendawa akupita patsogolo, mungakumanenso ndi zizindikiro monga:

• Matenda amisala, kulephera kukumbukira
• Kutaya mawu
• Kutaya masomphenya
• Kusintha kwa khalidwe ndi umunthu

Anthu ena amathanso kudwala mutu kapena khunyu, koma izi sizichitika kawirikawiri. Mwatsoka, PML nthawi zambiri imakula pakapita nthawi, ndipoNthawi zambiri zimatha kupha. Komabe, zotsatira zake zimatha kusiyana malinga ndi matenda omwe wodwalayo ali nawo komanso momwe akumvera akalandira chithandizo.

Kodi chimayambitsa PML ndi chiyani?

PML imayambitsidwa ndi kachilombo kotchedwa JC virus (JCV) . Kachilomboka kamatchedwa dzina loyambirira la dzina la munthu amene adatenga kachilomboka koyamba (John Cunningham). Kachilomboka kamadziwikanso kuti human polyomavirus 2.

Chodabwitsa n'chakuti, pafupifupi 85% ya akuluakulu ali ndi kachilombo ka JC m'thupi lawo. Koma akatswiri sakudziwabe momwe kachilomboka kamafalikira kwa anthu. Pali umboni wina wosonyeza kuti ana amatha kutenga kachilomboka kudzera mu chakudya kapena madzi. Kachiromboka kapezekanso mu mayeso a mkodzo. Chifukwa chake, n'zotheka kuti kamafalikira kudzera mu kuipitsidwa ndi mkodzo ndi mkamwa.

Komabe, ngakhale anthu ambiri ali ndi kachilombo ka JC m'matupi awo, sikayamba kugwira ntchito, koma kamangogona. Chifukwa chake, palibe zizindikiro zomwe zimachitika. Komabe, mwa munthu amene chitetezo chamthupi chake chili chofooka, kachilomboka kakhoza kugwira ntchito m'thupi n’kukhala PML. Kali ngati mdani wogona amene amadzuka n’kutiukira pamene tili ofooka.

Ndani amene ali pachiwopsezo chachikulu chotenga matendawa?

PML nthawi zambiri imapezeka mwa anthu omwe ali ndi chitetezo chamthupi chofooka kwambiri. Mungakhalenso pachiwopsezo chotenga matendawa ngati muli ndi vuto lililonse mwa izi:

• Matenda a HIV/AIDS
• Khansa ya magazi ndi mafupa, mwachitsanzo, leukemia
• Khansa ya dongosolo la lymphatic, mwachitsanzo, lymphoma kapena matenda a Hodgkin
• Matenda a autoimmune, monga rheumatoid arthritis, multiple sclerosis (MS), kapena lupus

Komanso, ngati ndinu wolandira ziwalo ndipo mukumwa mankhwala oletsa chitetezo chamthupi kuti thupi lanu lisakane ziwalozo, mungakhalenso pachiwopsezo.

Kodi madokotala amazindikira bwanji PML?

Dokotala wanu adzayamba kaye wakuyezani ndikumvetsera mosamala zizindikiro zanu. Kenako, akhoza kutsimikizira PML mwa kuchita mayeso angapo omwe amayesa ubongo wanu ndi msana wanu. Mungafunike mayeso monga awa:

• Kujambula kwa MRI muubongo: Izi zitha kujambula zithunzi za zilonda mu ubongo woyera. Zili ngati kamera yoyang'ana mkati mwa ubongo.
• Kuboola kwa msana/kupopera msana: Izi zimaphatikizapo kutenga chitsanzo cha madzi a m'mitsempha yanu ya ubongo (CSF), madzi omwe amazungulira ubongo wanu ndi msana wanu. Izi zitha kuwona ngati kachilombo ka JC kali m'thupi.
• Kufufuza ubongo: Izi zimachitika kawirikawiri. Zimangochitika pamene kuli kovuta kutsimikizira matendawa.

Kodi PML imachiritsidwa bwanji?

Cholinga chachikulu cha chithandizo cha PML ndikulimbitsa chitetezo cha mthupi lanu. Kumbukirani, matenda amapezeka pamene chitetezo cha thupi lathu chafooka. Chifukwa chake, chofunika kwambiri ndikulimbitsanso chitetezo chimenecho.

• Mwachitsanzo, ngati muli ndi Edzi, mungapatsidwe mankhwala ochepetsa kachilombo ka HIV (ART) . Mankhwalawa amagwira ntchito pochepetsa kuchuluka kwa kachilombo ka HIV m'thupi lanu. Mankhwalawa angathandize chitetezo cha mthupi lanu kugwira ntchito bwino pamlingo winawake.
• Anthu ena angapindulenso ndi chithandizo chotchedwa plasma exchange . Chithandizochi chimachotsa mankhwala ena oletsa chitetezo chamthupi m'magazi mwanu. Chithandizochi chingathandizenso chitetezo chamthupi chanu kulimbana ndi kachilombo ka JC mwa kulimbitsa ntchito yake.

Asayansi pakadali pano akuyesa mankhwala angapo atsopano ochizira PML. Bungwe la US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) lapereka chilolezo chapadera kwa anthu ena kuti agwiritse ntchito mankhwalawa, koma zotsatira zake zasiyana.

Kodi ndiyenera kupita kwa dokotala liti?

Ngati mukudziwa kuti chitetezo chanu cha mthupi ndi chofooka ndipo mukumva ngati mukuyamba kukhala ndi zizindikiro zomwe mukuganiza kuti zingakhale zokhudzana ndi Progressive Multifocal Leukoencephalopathy (PML), ndikofunikira kwambiri kupita kwa dokotala nthawi yomweyo ndikuyesedwa.

Ndi mafunso ati omwe ndiyenera kufunsa dokotala wanga?

Mukapita kwa dokotala, mungafunse mafunso monga awa:

• Kodi chiopsezo changa chotenga PML ndi chiyani?
• Kodi pali chilichonse chomwe ndingachite kuti ndichepetse chiopsezochi?
• Ndi zizindikiro ziti zomwe ndiyenera kuyang'anitsitsa mu PML?
• Kodi zoopsa zogwiritsa ntchito mankhwala oletsa chitetezo chamthupi ndi ziti?
• Kodi pali mankhwala ena ochiritsira vuto langa?
• Kodi zoopsa ndi ubwino wa chithandizo chomwe chilipo panopa ndi ziti?

Mukafunsa mafunso awa, mutha kumvetsetsa bwino matendawa ndi mankhwala ake.

Kodi moyo wa wodwala wa PML ndi wotani?

Nkhani imeneyi ndi yovuta kwambiri kuikambirana. PML ndi matenda opitirira muyeso. Izi zikutanthauza kuti zizindikiro zimakula pakapita nthawi. Moyo wa munthu amene ali ndi PML umadalira kuopsa kwa matendawa komanso chithandizo chomwe amalandira. Pakati pa 30% ndi 50% ya anthu amafa m'miyezi ingapo yoyambirira atapezeka ndi matendawa. Anthu omwe amakhala ndi moyo wautali amapitiriza kukhala ndi zizindikiro, ndipo zizindikirozo zimakulanso. Zizindikirozi zingayambitse mavuto aakulu, monga kulephera kulankhula komanso kulephera kuona bwino.

Komabe, kafukufuku watsopano wasonyeza kuti anthu ochepa omwe ali ndi kachilombo ka HIV (PML) amatha kulimbitsa matenda awo ndikukhala ndi moyo wautali. Asanafike mankhwala ochepetsa mphamvu ya kachilombo ka HIV (ART) , 10% yokha ya anthu omwe ali ndi kachilombo ka HIV adapulumuka kwa chaka chimodzi. Tsopano, ndi ART, kuchuluka kwa moyo wa chaka chimodzi kwawonjezeka kufika pa 50%. Nthawi zina, ART ingathandize chitetezo cha mthupi kumenyana ndi kachilombo ka JC.

Kodi n'zotheka kuchira kwathunthu ku PML?

Anthu omwe amayamba PML akamamwa mankhwala oletsa chitetezo chamthupi amatha kuchira atasiya kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwalawa. Anthu omwe alandira chithandizo chabwino ndi ART amathanso kuchira ku PML. Komabe, 80% ya anthu omwe adapulumuka PML sadzalandiranso zizindikiro. Izi zili choncho chifukwa chakuti myelin yatsopano siipangidwa m'malo owonongeka. Kuwonongeka kosatha kwa mitsempha ndi kofala. Komabe, anthu ena amatha kukhala ndi moyo mpaka zaka 15 PML itatha.

Kodi anthu omwe akusinthidwa plasma amayembekezera chiyani?

Ngati zizindikiro za PML yanu zinayamba chifukwa cha mankhwala oletsa chitetezo chamthupi, zizindikiro zanu zimatha mukasiya kumwa mankhwalawa. Muthanso kusinthana plasma kuti muchotse mankhwala ena oletsa chitetezo chamthupi m'thupi lanu. Cholinga cha kusinthana plasma ndikulimbitsa chitetezo chamthupi chanu. Kwa anthu ena, kusinthana plasma kungachedwetse kupita patsogolo kwa PML ndikutalikitsa moyo. Komabe, ubwino wa izi sunamvetsetsedwe bwino.

Anthu ambiri angapitirize kukhala ndi zizindikiro za PML atasiya kumwa mankhwala kapena atalandira kusinthana kwa plasma. Ena akhoza kukhala ndi mavuto a mitsempha yamagazi. Palinso zoopsa zina zosiya kumwa mankhwala. Chifukwa chake, ndikofunikira kulankhula ndi dokotala wanu popanga zisankho zokhudzana ndi mankhwala anu.

Kodi ndingadziwe bwanji ngati ndili pachiwopsezo chotenga Progressive Multifocal Leukoencephalopathy (PML)?

Ngati muli ndi vuto la matenda lomwe limafooketsa chitetezo chanu cha mthupi, funsani dokotala wanu za chiopsezo chanu chotenga PML.

Kodi matenda ena amawonjezera chiopsezo changa chokhala ndi PML?

Anthu omwe ali ndi matenda monga multiple sclerosis (MS) kapena matenda a Crohn ayeneranso kuyesedwa magazi kuti awone ngati ali ndi matenda monga HIV omwe amawonjezera chiopsezo cha matenda a JC virus.

Madokotala nthawi zambiri amapereka mankhwala otchedwa Natalizumab (Tysabri®) pochiza matenda a MS kapena Crohn. Mankhwalawa angapangitse kuti munthu adwale matenda a PML.

Ngakhale mutakhala ndi kachilombo ka JC komwe sikakugwira ntchito ndipo mulibe zizindikiro, mutha kumwa natalizumab. Komabe, ndikofunikira kulankhula ndi dokotala wanu za zoopsa ndi zabwino zake.

Pomaliza, zinthu zoti muzikumbukira (Uthenga Wopita Nawo Kunyumba)

Progressive Multifocal Leukoencephalopathy (PML) ndi matenda osowa kwambiri muubongo omwe amayamba chifukwa cha kuyambiranso kwa kachilombo ka JC. Anthu ambiri amakhala ndi kachilombo ka JC m'thupi lawo. Sichivulaza anthu omwe alibe chitetezo chamthupi chofooka.

Ngati chitetezo chanu chamthupi chili chofooka, ndikofunikira kudziwa zizindikiro za PML ndikugwira ntchito ndi dokotala wanu kuti muchite zimenezo.

Matendawa nthawi zambiri amakula pakapita nthawi. Komabe, pali mankhwala omwe angathandize kuchepetsa kufalikira kwa matendawa ndikutalikitsa moyo wanu. Choncho, musataye mtima. Chofunika kwambiri ndikupempha upangiri wa dokotala mwachangu momwe mungathere.

PML , Progressive Multifocal Leukoencephalopathy, kachilombo ka JC, matenda a muubongo, chitetezo chamthupi, matenda amitsempha, myelin