Kodi maselo anu oyera m'magazi ndi ochepa kwambiri? Kodi ndi agranulocytosis? Tiyeni tikambirane za izi!

Kodi mumadwala nthawi zonse? Kodi mumamva kufooka komanso kutopa ngakhale kwa kanthawi kochepa? Nthawi zina izi zitha kukhala chifukwa cha kuchepa koopsa kwa chitetezo cha thupi lanu, chomwe ndi ma neutrophils, mtundu wa maselo oyera amagazi. Lero tikulankhula za matenda oopsa koma ochiritsika otchedwa agranulocytosis . Musadandaule, ndikofunikira kudziwa izi.

Kodi agranulocytosis kwenikweni ndi chiyani?

Mwachidule, Agranulocytosis ndi matenda oopsa omwe amachititsa kuti chiwerengero cha maselo oyera a m'magazi otchedwa neutrophils m'thupi lathu chichepe kwambiri. Kodi mumadziwa kuti maselo oyera a m'magazi ali ngati asilikali omwe ali m'thupi lathu? Ndiwo omwe amatiteteza ku tizilombo toyambitsa matenda. Pamene chiwerengero cha ma neutrophils awa chikuchepa, thupi lathu limakhala losavuta kugwidwa ndi tizilombo toyambitsa matenda. Ngakhale tizilombo toyambitsa matenda omwe nthawi zambiri sitimavulaza kwambiri titha kudwala. Tangoganizirani, ngati gulu lankhondo lapadera mu gulu lankhondo la dziko lathu litasowa mwadzidzidzi, kodi ngakhale mdani wamng'ono sangakhale vuto lalikulu? Izi ndi zomwezo. Dzina lakuti "agranulocytosis" limachokera ku mawu akuti granulocytes . Ma granulocytes nawonso ndi mtundu wa maselo oyera a m'magazi. Ali ndi ma enzyme omwe amawononga tizilombo toyambitsa matenda. Pali mitundu itatu ya ma granulocytes: Ma Neutrophils , Ma Eosinophils, ndi Ma Basophils . Ma Neutrophils ndi maselo oyera ambiri m'thupi lathu. Ndicho chifukwa chake madokotala amayesa kuchuluka kwa ma neutrophil kuti adziwe agranulocytosis. Izi nthawi zina zimatchedwa granulocytopenia .

Kodi pali kusiyana kotani pakati pa Neutropenia ndi Agranulocytosis?

Zonsezi zimagwirizana ndi kuchepa kwa ma neutrophils. Komabe, agranulocytosis ndiye mtundu woopsa kwambiri wa neutropenia .

• Neutropenia ndi matenda omwe chiwerengero cha ma neutrophils m'magazi chimakhala chotsika kuposa chachizolowezi. Anthu omwe ali ndi ma neutrophils ochepera 1,500 pa microliter (mL) ya magazi akuti ali ndi neutropenia.
• Agranulocytosis ndi gawo lomaliza komanso loopsa kwambiri, pomwe kuchuluka kwa ma neutrophil kumatsika pansi pa 100 pa microliter iliyonse ya magazi. Mwamva? Iyi ndi mtundu woopsa kwambiri wa neutropenia.

Kodi pali mitundu ya agranulocytosis?

Inde, izi zitha kuchitika m'njira ziwiri zazikulu: 1. Agranulocytosis yobadwa nayo:Izi zimachitika chifukwa cha matenda a majini. Izi zikutanthauza kuti pali vuto ndi majini omwe amathandiza thupi lathu kupanga ma neutrophils. Matendawa amakhudza kwambiri makanda ndi ana aang'ono. 2. Acquired agranulocytosis: Izi zitha kukhala ndi zifukwa zambiri. Komabe, nthawi zambiri (pafupifupi 70% ya nthawi!) zimachitika chifukwa cha zotsatira zoyipa za mankhwala ena omwe timamwa. Mtundu uwu ndi wofala kwambiri mwa akuluakulu.

Kodi vutoli ndi lofala bwanji?

Ili ndi vuto losowa kwambiri. Pa avareji, anthu pafupifupi asanu ndi awiri mwa anthu 100,000 aliwonse amakhala ndi vutoli chaka chilichonse. Choncho musamachite mantha mosayenera, koma ndikofunikira kudziwa.

Kodi zizindikiro za Agranulocytosis ndi ziti?

Pankhaniyi, zizindikiro zazikulu zimagwirizana ndi matenda. Izi zingayambe mwadzidzidzi, kapena zingawonjezere pang'onopang'ono pakapita nthawi. Onani ngati zizindikirozi zikumveka zachilendo kwa inu:

• Kumva kutentha thupi, kumva kuzizira komanso kunjenjemera.
• Kuwonjezeka kwa kugunda kwa mtima ndi kupuma.
• Kumva ngati wopanda moyo komanso kutopa kwambiri.
• Kupweteka kwa pakhosi (pharyngitis), kufooka kwa minofu ya m'mimba, kutuluka magazi m'kamwa.
• Zilonda mkamwa ndi pakhosi, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zikhale zovuta kumeza chakudya ndi chakumwa.
• Kutsika kwadzidzidzi kwa kuthamanga kwa magazi (hypotension), chizungulire, kukomoka, komanso mwina kutaya chikumbumtima.

Ngati muli ndi zizindikiro ngati izi, makamaka ngati zimachitika pafupipafupi, muyenera kufunsa upangiri wa dokotala.

Nchifukwa chiyani agranulocytosis imachitika? Kodi zimayambitsa chiyani?

Chifukwa chachikulu cha izi ndi kuchepa koopsa kwa maselo oyera amagazi otchedwa neutrophils m'thupi lathu. Pali zifukwa ziwiri zomwe zingayambitse izi:

• Kapena matupi athu sapanga ma neutrophils okwanira kuti agwire ntchito bwino.
• Kupanda kutero, ma neutrophils m'thupi amawonongeka, kapena amafa msanga.

Tsopano tiyeni tiwone zifukwa zenizeni zomwe zapangitsa izi.

Agranulocytosis yobadwa nayo

Pankhaniyi, pali vuto la jini lomwe limathandiza kupanga ma neutrophils. Ili ndi vuto lomwe limapezeka pobadwa (lobadwa nalo). Mwachitsanzo, ngati titenga matenda a Kostmann , kapena congenital agranulocytosis , vuto losowa, makanda obadwa kumene nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi matenda opatsirana, malungo, kutupa, ndi mavuto a mafupa.

Kupezeka kwa agranulocytosis

Pakhoza kukhala zifukwa zingapo zomwe zimapangitsa izi. Tiyeni tiwone zomwe zili:

• Mankhwala ena: Ichi ndi chomwe chimayambitsa vutoli . Mankhwala ena opha tizilombo toyambitsa matenda , mankhwala oletsa matenda amisala , ndi mankhwala a chithokomiro angayambitse vutoli.
• Matenda a Autoimmune : Awa ndi matenda omwe chitetezo chamthupi chimaukira maselo a thupi. Zitsanzo zake ndi lupus ndi rheumatoid arthritis .
• Matenda a m'mafupa ndi matenda a m'mafupa: Mwachitsanzo , kuchepa kwa magazi m'thupi . M'mafupa ndi komwe maselo athu amagazi amapangidwa.
• Khansa: Khansa zomwe zimakhudza mafupa, makamaka khansa ya m'magazi .
• Mankhwala a khansa (Chemotherapy): Mankhwalawa amatha kuwononga maselo athanzi komanso ma neutrophils.
• Kukhudzidwa ndi poizoni kapena mankhwala: Kukhudzidwa ndi zinthu monga lead kapena mercury kwa nthawi yayitali.
• Matenda: Matenda oopsa monga malungo , chifuwa chachikulu , ndi malungo a Rocky Mountain spotted fever .
• Kusowa zakudya: Kusowa kwa michere yofunika monga Vitamini B12 ndi Folate.

Ndani amene ali pachiwopsezo chachikulu cha vutoli?

Azimayi ali ndi mwayi waukulu wopeza vutoli kuposa amuna. Komanso, agranulocytosis ingakhudze aliyense wa msinkhu uliwonse. Komabe, anthu otsatirawa ali pachiwopsezo chachikulu:

• Anthu omwe amalandira chithandizo cha chemotherapy chifukwa cha khansa.
• Anthu omwe ali ndi matenda a autoimmune monga lupus ndi rheumatoid arthritis .
• Anthu omwe akumwa mankhwala enaake, monga Clozapine (Clozaril®) , mankhwala oletsa matenda amisala , Trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole (Bactrim™) , ndi Methimazole (Tapazole®), mankhwala a chithokomiro.

Kodi ndi mavuto ati omwe angabwere chifukwa cha agranulocytosis?

Matendawa angayambitse matenda opatsirana pafupipafupi kapena kwa nthawi yayitali (matenda osatha).

Ngati agranulocytosis ikupitirira kwa milungu yoposa itatu kapena inayi, pali mwayi wa 100% woti munthu adwale matendawa.

Ngati sichinachiritsidwe, sepsis ingayambitse vuto lalikulu la chitetezo chamthupi lomwe limaika moyo pachiswe lotchedwa sepsis. Sepsis ndi matenda oopsa omwe amafalikira m'thupi lonse. Anthu azaka zopitilira 65 kapena omwe ali ndi mavuto ena azaumoyo, monga matenda a mtima, impso, kapena matenda a m'mapapo, ali pachiwopsezo chachikulu chotenga mavutowa.

Kodi mumazindikira bwanji izi?

Kodi dokotala amazindikira bwanji agranulocytosis? Nthawi zambiri amatsatira njira izi:

• Kuchuluka kwa Magazi Okwanira (CBC) ndi kusiyana kwake: Kuyeza kumeneku kumayang'ana mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya maselo m'magazi anu, makamaka kuchuluka kwa ma neutrophils. Kuchuluka kwa ma neutrophils (ANC) kosakwana 100 pa microliter imodzi ya magazi kumaonedwa kuti ndi agranulocytosis. (Mtengo wabwinobwino kwa munthu wathanzi ndi woposa 1,500.)
• Kuyeza ndi kuyezetsa mafupa a m'mafupa: Nthawi zina, mayesowa angachitike kuti awone momwe mafupa anu akupanga ma neutrophils.
• Zizindikiro ndi mbiri ya matenda: Dokotala adzakufunsani za zizindikiro zanu, mankhwala omwe mwamwa, matenda omwe mwangoyamba kumene, komanso momwe mungakhudzidwe ndi mankhwala.
• Kuyezetsa majini: Ngati mukukayikira kuti pali vuto la majini, kuyezetsa majini kungachitike kuti kutsimikizire. Izi zingaphatikizepo kuyesedwa kwa khungu kapena magazi.

Kodi mankhwala ochizira izi ndi otani?

Nkhani yabwino ndi yakuti pali mankhwala ochizira matenda amenewa, agranulocytosis. Chithandizo chimadalira chomwe chimayambitsa matendawa.

• Kuletsa Mankhwala Oyambitsa Matendawa: Ngati mankhwala akukuyambitsani zizindikiro, choyamba muyenera kusiya kumwa mankhwalawo motsatira malangizo a dokotala wanu. Musasiye kumwa mankhwala popanda kufunsa dokotala.
• Mankhwala Opha Ululu: Ngati muli ndi matenda, dokotala wanu adzakupatsani mankhwala oyenera opha ululu ndi mankhwala ena kuti muchepetse zizindikiro.
• Granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF): Jakisoni wamtunduwu ungaperekedwe kuti thupi lipange ma neutrophils mwachangu. Zitsanzo zikuphatikizapo mankhwala monga Filgrastim (Neupogen®) , Pegfilgrastim (Neulasta®) , ndi Lenograstim (Granocyte®) .
• Mankhwala Oletsa Kutupa kwa Thupi: Ngati vutoli layamba chifukwa cha matenda a autoimmune, mankhwala omwe amaletsa chitetezo cha mthupi, monga Prednisone, angakupatseni.
• Kusamutsa mafupa: Ngati njira zina zothandizira sizikuyenda bwino, mungafunike kusamutsa mafupa. Pachifukwa ichi, mudzapatsidwa mafupa kuchokera kwa munthu wathanzi wopereka chithandizo. Izi zithandiza thupi lanu kupanga ma neutrophils athanzi kachiwiri.
• Kupewa matenda: Izi ndizofunikira kwambiri. Anthu omwe ali ndi vutoli ayenera kusamala kwambiri kuti apewe matenda.
• Sambani m'manja mwanu nthawi zonse ndi sopo.
• Pewani malo odzaza anthu momwe mungathere.
• Valani chophimba nkhope/chophimba nkhope mukamatuluka.
• Lankhulani ndi dokotala wanu za zina zomwe mungachite kuti mupewe kudwala.

Kodi ndidzachira msanga bwanji nditalandira chithandizo?

Nthawi yochira imadalira chifukwa cha kuchepa kwa ma neutrophil anu komanso kuopsa kwa vutoli. Ngati ndi zotsatira zoyipa za mankhwala, nthawi zambiri zimatenga sabata imodzi mpaka milungu itatu kuti ma neutrophil anu abwerere mwakale mutasiya kumwa mankhwalawo.

Kodi izi zingapewedwe?

Nthawi zina, agranulocytosis singathe kupewedwa kotheratu. Komabe, ngati mukumwa mankhwala omwe angachepetse ma neutrophils anu (monga chemotherapy, mankhwala ena amisala), ndikofunikira kulankhula ndi dokotala wanu ndikuwunika kuchuluka kwa ma neutrophils anu nthawi zonse. Ngati mukulandira chemotherapy ya khansa, dokotala wanu angakulangizeni jakisoni wa G-CSF kuti akuthandizeni kuwonjezera kupanga ma neutrophil.

Kodi chiyembekezo cha munthu amene ali ndi agranulocytosis ndi chotani?

Ngakhale kuti vutoli ndi lochiritsika, zotsatira zake zimatha kusiyana malinga ndi munthu. Ndi chithandizo choyenera, kapena ngati mankhwala ochepetsa ma neutrophils aletsedwa, vutoli nthawi zambiri limatha.

Komabe, ngati sanalandire chithandizo, matenda oopsa komanso imfa zimatha kuchitika. Kuchuluka kwa ma neutrophil m'magazi kukakhala koopsa kwa nthawi yayitali, chiopsezo cha matenda ndi zovuta zimakula. Izi ndi zoona makamaka kwa anthu opitirira zaka 65 komanso omwe ali ndi matenda ena (monga matenda a impso, mtima, kapena mapapo).

Kodi muyenera kupita kwa dokotala liti?

Agranulocytosis ndi vuto lomwe lingayambitse imfa. Chifukwa chake, ndikofunikira kupeza matenda ndi chithandizo nthawi yomweyo. Pitani kwa dokotala nthawi yomweyo ngati muli ndi zizindikiro izi:

• Ngati mumadwala matenda pafupipafupi.
• Ngati matendawa atenga nthawi yayitali kuti achire.
• Ngati mukupeza zizindikiro za matenda monga malungo, kuzizira, kapena kupweteka pakhosi.

Ngati muli ndi matenda odziteteza ku matenda a autoimmune kapena mukumwa mankhwala omwe amachepetsa ma neutrophils anu, musazengereze kupita kukayezetsa kuchipatala. Kuyezetsa pafupipafupi ndi dokotala wanu kungakuthandizeni kuyang'anira kuchuluka kwa ma neutrophils anu ndikuthandizira kupewa matenda.

Zinthu zofunika kwambiri zomwe tiyenera kukumbukira (Uthenga Wopita Nawo Kunyumba)

Chabwino, tiyeni tikambirane mfundo zofunika kwambiri kuchokera pa zomwe takambirana:

• Agranulocytosis ndi vuto lalikulu koma lochiritsika lomwe limakhala ndi kuchepa kwakukulu kwa maselo oyera amagazi otchedwa neutrophils.
• Ngati muli ndi zizindikiro monga matenda opatsirana pafupipafupi, malungo, kapena zilonda za pakhosi, pitani kwa dokotala nthawi yomweyo.
• Izi zitha kuchitika chifukwa cha mankhwala ena, matenda odziteteza ku matenda a autoimmune, komanso mankhwala a khansa.
• Chithandizo chingaphatikizepo kusiya kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo, maantibayotiki, jakisoni wa G-CSF, komanso mwina kumuika m'mafupa.
• Kudziteteza ku matenda n'kofunika kwambiri. Mukhoza kudziteteza pochita zinthu zosavuta monga kusamba m'manja pafupipafupi komanso kuvala chophimba nkhope mukakhala pagulu.
• Ngati muli pachiwopsezo chotenga izi (monga ngati mumwa mankhwala enaake), musalumphe nthawi yokumana ndi dokotala.

Ndikukhulupirira kuti izi zikuthandizani. Khalani ndi thanzi labwino!