Tiyeni tiphunzire za kuyika ma stenti m'mitsempha yopita ku impso? (Kuyika kwa Mitsempha ya Impso)

Kodi mulinso ndi kuthamanga kwa magazi? Mwina mukumwa mankhwala amitundu yoposa imodzi kuti muchepetse kuthamanga kwa magazi. Koma ngati mukuvutikabe kuchepetsa kuthamanga kwa magazi, chifukwa chake chingakhale kutsekeka kwa mitsempha yomwe imapereka magazi ku impso zanu. Lero, tiyeni tikambirane za chithandizo chotchedwa 'Renal Artery Stenting' chomwe chimagwiritsidwa ntchito pazochitika zotere. Musachite mantha mukamva izi, tiyeni timvetse zonse zokhudza izi mosavuta.

Kodi Kuyesa kwa Mitsempha ya Impso ndi Chiyani?

Mwachidule, mitsempha ikuluikulu yamagazi yomwe imanyamula magazi kupita ku impso ziwiri m'thupi lathu imatchedwa 'mitsempha ya impso'. Monga momwe mapaipi awiri akuluakulu amatengera madzi kupita kumunda. Nthawi zina, zinthu monga mafuta zimasonkhana mkati mwa mitsempha iyi yamagazi (vutoli limatchedwa `(Atherosclerosis)`) ndipo njira yolowera mkati mwa mitsempha imakhala yopapatiza. Timatcha izi 'stenosis ya mitsempha ya impso'.

Tangoganizirani chinthu chonga chitoliro cha madzi chomwe chatsekedwa ndi dzimbiri. Kenako njira ya madzi imachepa, sichoncho? Mofananamo, njira yopita ku impso imatsekedwa.

Kutsegula mitsempha ya impso ndi njira yochizira yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito kutsegula, kapena kusunga, mtsempha wamagazi wotsekedwa. Mu izi, chubu chachitsulo chaching'ono kwambiri, chonga mesh (stent) chimayikidwa m'dera lotsekedwa, ndikutsegula mtsempha. Kenako, magazi amayamba kuyenda bwino kupita ku impso kachiwiri.

Kodi chimachitika ndi chiyani kwenikweni mitsempha ya impso ikatsekedwa?

Monga mukudziwira, ntchito yaikulu ya impso zathu ndikusefa magazi ndikuchotsa mchere ndi madzi osafunikira m'thupi ngati mkodzo. Pamene kuchuluka kwa magazi opita ku impso kumachepa, sizingathe kuchita bwino ntchitoyi. Kenako, madzi amayamba kusonkhana m'thupi.

Si zokhazo, koma chinthu china chofunika chimachitika. Impso zikazindikira kuti magazi sakuyenda bwino, zimaganiza kuti kuthamanga kwa magazi m'thupi lonse kwatsika. Chifukwa chake, kuti iwonjezere kuthamanga kwa magazi, impso imatulutsa mahomoni apadera otchedwa `(renin)`. Homoni iyi imapangitsa kuti mitsempha yamagazi m'thupi ikhale yolimba. Koma chomwe chimachitika ndichakuti kuthamanga kwa magazi m'thupi kungakhale kwakukulu kwambiri panthawiyo.

Ndani amafunikira stent?

Si aliyense amene ali ndi mtsempha wa impso wotsekeka amene angafunike stent. Dokotala wanu angakulimbikitseni chithandizochi pazochitika zina zapadera zokha.

Ndi mayeso ati omwe amachitidwa musanagwiritse ntchito stenting?

Dokotala wanu asanasankhe kuika stent, adzayesa kangapo kuti adziwe momwe mtsempha wanu watsekekera.

• Duplex Doppler Ultrasonography: Izi zili ngati scan yanthawi zonse. Imagwiritsa ntchito mafunde a phokoso kuti iyeze momwe mtsempha wamagazi ulili wopapatiza komanso momwe magazi akuthamanga mofulumira.
• Computed Tomography Angiogram (CT Angiogram): Izi zimaphatikizapo kubaya utoto wapadera m'mitsempha yanu ndikugwiritsa ntchito CT scanner kuti mujambule chithunzi cha mitsempha ya m'mitsempha ya m'magawo atatu (3D). Izi zimakupatsani mwayi wowona bwino komwe mitsempha yatsekedwa.
• Magnetic Resonance Angiogram (MRA): Izi zikufanana ndi MRI scan. Utoto umabayidwa ndipo mphamvu ya maginito imagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga zithunzi zomveka bwino za mitsempha yamagazi.
• Angiogram: Iyi ndi njira yolondola kwambiri. Mu njira iyi, chubu choonda kwambiri (catheter) chimalowetsedwa kudzera mu mtsempha wa m'mimba kapena mkono ndikutsogoleredwa ku mtsempha wa impso. Kenako, utoto umalowetsedwa kudzera pamenepo ndipo X-ray imatengedwa kuti ione momwe magazi akuyendera. Kuyeza magazi nthawi zambiri kumachitika panthawi yoyezetsayi.

Chofunika: Musanayese mayesowa, muyenera kuuza dokotala wanu za mankhwala onse omwe mukumwa (makamaka mankhwala ochepetsa magazi monga aspirin) komanso ziwengo zilizonse zomwe mungakhale nazo.

Kodi opaleshoni yokhudza stenting imachitidwa bwanji?

Iyi si opaleshoni yaikulu yotseguka. Simugonedwa. Mumapatsidwa mankhwala otchedwa `sedation` kuti mupumule komanso mugone tulo. Choncho simumva ululu uliwonse ndipo simukumbukira ululuwo pambuyo pake.

Chithandizocho ndi motere:

1. Pakhungu la m'mimba kapena mkono wanu pamakhala kudulako pang'ono kwambiri (mamilimita ochepa).

2. Kudzera mmenemo, chubu chosinthasintha (sheath) chimalowetsedwa mu mtsempha.

3. Kudzera mu chubu chimenecho, chubu china choonda kwambiri (catheter) chimapita ku mtsempha wotsekedwa mu impso.

4. Kenako, buluni kakang'ono kumapeto kwa chubucho kamadzazidwa kuti kakulitse malo otsekeka.

5. Pomaliza, stent yonga mesh yomwe takambirana kale imayikidwa pamalo okulirapo. Stent imakanikiza khoma la mtsempha wamagazi, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti mtsemphawo ukhale wotseguka.

6. Stent imayikidwa pamenepo kosatha, buluni ndi chubu zimachotsedwa, chochekacho chimatsekedwa, ndipo bandeji imayikidwa.

Kodi ubwino ndi zoopsa zake ndi ziti pambuyo pa chithandizo?

Monga momwe zimakhalira ndi chithandizo chilichonse chamankhwala, pali zabwino komanso zoopsa zazing'ono.

Mukalandira chithandizo, muyenera kukhala m'chipatala kwa maola angapo kapena usiku wonse. Mudzatha kubwerera ku zochita zanu zachizolowezi pasanathe masiku angapo mutabwerera kunyumba. Mudzatha kuyambiranso zochita zanu zachizolowezi patatha pafupifupi sabata imodzi.Chofunika kwambiri ndikumwa mankhwala ochepetsa magazi (monga `Aspirin`, `Clopidogrel`) omwe dokotala wanu wakupatsani kwa nthawi yomwe mwapatsidwa. Musasiye kumwa mankhwalawo popanda kufunsa dokotala wanu.

Ndiyenera kukaonananso ndi dokotala liti?

Ngakhale stent ikayikidwa, muyenera kupita kukaonana ndi dokotala motsatira malangizo ake, chifukwa nthawi zina stent kapena malo ena amatha kutsekekanso.

Ngati pali zizindikiro zotsatirazi, imbani dokotala nthawi yomweyo:

• Ngati mukumva malungo.
• Ngati mukuvutika kupuma.
• Ngati pakhala ziphuphu pakhungu.
• Ngati malo omwe chubucho chinalowetsedwamo ndi ofiira, otupa, opweteka, kapena ngati pali magazi kapena mafinya akutuluka pamenepo.
• Ngati mwendo womwe uli kumbali yothandizidwayo ukhala wopweteka, wozizira, kapena wotumbululuka.
• Ngati mukumva kupweteka kwatsopano m'mimba mwanu kapena kumbali yomwe mwalandira chithandizo.
• Ngati mukumva chizungulire ndipo kuthamanga kwa magazi anu kumatsika kwambiri.

Stent ndi gawo lokhazikika la thupi. Nthawi zambiri silipweteka. Ngakhale kuti lingathandize anthu ambiri kuchepetsa kuthamanga kwa magazi, mungafunikebe kumwa mankhwala oletsa kuthamanga kwa magazi. Dokotala wanu adzasankha izi kutengera vuto lanu.