Kodi dokotala adakupatsani mankhwala a mtundu wa "Sulfa" m'moyo wanu? Mwina mukukumbukira, kapena mwina mudamvapo za iwo. Anthu ambiri akamva mawu oti "sulfa," amaganiza kuti ndi mankhwala omwewo. Koma kwenikweni ndi dzina lodziwika bwino la gulu lalikulu la mankhwala. Kotero lero, tiyeni tikambirane za zomwe sulfonamides awa ali, zomwe amachita, ndi zinthu zofunika kwambiri zomwe muyenera kudziwa za iwo.
Kodi ma sulfonamides amenewa ndi chiyani kwenikweni?
Mwachidule, sulfonamides ndi gulu la mankhwala omwe amapangidwa mu labotale ndi anthu (opangidwa). Sizimachitika mwachibadwa. Mukayang'ana kapangidwe ka mankhwala a mankhwalawa, onse ali ndi gawo lofanana lomwe lili ndi sulfure. Apa ndi pomwe dzina lakuti "sulfonamide" limachokera.
Ndiye mankhwala awa amagwira ntchito bwanji? Taganizirani izi, mabakiteriya omwe amalowa m'thupi lathu amafunikira chakudya kuti akhale ndi moyo ndikufalikira. Chimodzi mwa zakudya zomwe mabakiteriyawa amafunikira ndi folate, kapena vitamini B9 . Chomwe mankhwala a sulfa awa amachita ndikuletsa mabakiteriya kupanga folate iyi. Zili ngati kufa ndi njala popanda chakudya. Mabakiteriya akataya folate, sangagawane kapena kukula ndipo pang'onopang'ono amafa.
Tsopano mwina mukuganiza kuti, "Ifenso timafunikira folate, ndiye kuti sizingativulaze?" Funso labwino limenelo! Koma ife, ndiko kuti, anthu, timapeza folate yomwe timafunikira kuchokera ku chakudya chomwe timadya. Sitipanga folate m'matupi athu. Chifukwa chake mankhwalawa sakhudza mwachindunji maselo athu mwanjira imeneyo. Ndicho chifukwa chake ndi njira yothandiza kwambiri yophera mabakiteriya.
Mankhwala a sulfa ndi ofunikira masiku ano monga momwe analili panthawiyo.
Ma sulfonamides sanali oyamba kupezeka ndi maantibayotiki. Koma atapezeka m'zaka za m'ma 1930, anali gulu labwino kwambiri komanso lamphamvu kwambiri la maantibayotiki omwe analipo kwa zaka pafupifupi khumi. Penicillin isanayambe kutchuka, mankhwala a sulfa amenewa anathandiza kwambiri kuchepetsa imfa chifukwa cha matenda a bakiteriya.
Koma masiku ano, ma sulfonamides sagwiritsidwa ntchito pochiza matenda a bakiteriya okha. Mankhwala amtunduwu amagwiritsidwa ntchito pochiza matenda osiyanasiyana, kuphatikizapo matenda a shuga, kuthamanga kwa magazi, matenda a HIV, ndi mitundu ina ya khansa.
Ndi mankhwala ena ati omwe ali m'gulu la sulfonamide?
Mndandanda uwu ndi wautali pang'ono, koma udzakupatsani lingaliro la kuchuluka kwa ntchito za mankhwalawa. Tiyeni tigawane izi m'magawo awiri.
| Dzina la Mankhwala | Ntchito Zofala |
|---|---|
| 1. Maantibayotiki otchedwa sulfonamides | |
| Sulfacetamide | Monga mafuta odzola ziphuphu kapena ngati madontho a maso a matenda a maso (conjunctivitis) |
| Sulfadiazine (Silvadene®) | Kupewa matenda a mabala opsa |
| Sulfasalazine (Azulfidine®) | Matenda a m'matumbo ndi nyamakazi |
| Sulfamethoxazole (yomwe ili mu Bactrim™) | Matenda osiyanasiyana a bakiteriya monga matenda a mkodzo, matenda opumira |
| 2. Ma sulfonamides osagwiritsa ntchito maantibayotiki | |
| Furosemide (Lasix®), Bumetanide (Bumex®) | Mankhwala ochepetsa kutupa kwa madzi m'thupi komanso kuthamanga kwa magazi |
| Celecoxib (Celebrex®) | Kwa ululu wa mafupa monga nyamakazi |
| Sumatriptan (Imitrex®) | Kwa mutu wa mutu wa migraine |
| Tolbutamide, Chlorpropamide | Kwa matenda a shuga amtundu wachiwiri |
| Tamsulosin (Flomax®) | Pa mavuto a mkodzo omwe amayamba chifukwa cha kukula kwa prostate gland (benign prostatic hyperplasia) |
| Darunavir (Prezista®) | Mankhwala oletsa kachilombo ka HIV |
Kuchokera apa, mutha kuwona kuti ngakhale "sulfa" imatchedwa "sulfa", si chinthu chomwecho, ndipo ndi gulu lalikulu la mankhwala.
Kodi nkhani ya 'sulfa allergy' ndi yoona?
Inde, ziwengo ku mankhwala a sulfonamide zimatha kuchitika. Padziko lonse lapansi, anthu pakati pa atatu ndi asanu ndi atatu pa anthu 100 aliwonse ali ndi ziwengo ku mankhwala a sulfa. Koma izi zikufanana ndi kuchuluka kwa ziwengo ku mankhwala ena odziwika bwino monga penicillin.
Koma chofunika apa ndi chakuti chifukwa chakuti munali ndi vuto la mankhwala amodzi a sulfa, simudzakhala ndi vuto la mankhwala ena onse a sulfa . Mwachitsanzo, munthu amene ali ndi vuto la mankhwala opha tizilombo a Bactrim mwina sangakumane ndi vuto la Celebrex. Chifukwa kapangidwe ka mankhwala a mankhwalawa ndi kosiyana.
Choncho, ngati munakhalapo ndi vuto la ziwengo chifukwa cha mankhwala a sulfa, onetsetsani kuti mwauza dokotala wanu kuti akupatseni mankhwala ena otetezeka.
Kodi pali zotsatirapo kapena zoopsa zilizonse ndi mankhwalawa?
Monga mankhwala ena aliwonse, sulfonamides ikhoza kukhala ndi zovuta zina.
- Kukana kwa Mabakiteriya: Pakapita nthawi, mabakiteriya ena amatha 'kulowerera' ku mankhwala awa ndipo amatha kukana. Kenako mankhwalawo amasiya kugwira ntchito pa mabakiteriya amenewo.
- Zotsatirapo zoyipa: Nthawi zambiri, anthu ena amakumana ndi zotsatirapo zoopsa pakhungu. Matenda a Stevens-Johnson ndi toxic epidermal necrolysis ndi matenda awiri oopsa, koma osowa kwambiri. Musanachite mantha ndi chinthu chonga ichi, ndi bwino kulankhula ndi dokotala wanu za mankhwala omwe mukumwa.
Kodi Bactrim ndi sulfonamide?
Inde, mbali ina. Mankhwala a Bactrim™ ali ndi sulfamethoxazole, sulfonamide, ndi mankhwala ena otchedwa trimethoprim, omwe amagwira ntchito mofanana.
Kodi Celebrex ndi mankhwala a sulfa?
Inde. Celecoxib (Celebrex®) ndi mankhwala opha ululu omwe ali m'gulu la sulfonamide.
Kodi mankhwalawa angayambitse makhiristo kupanga mu mkodzo?
Mankhwala ena a sulfa angayambitse makhiristo kupanga mu mkodzo. Izi si zotsatira zoyipa zomwe zimachitika kawirikawiri. Ngati dokotala wanu akukupatsani mankhwala, adzakuuzani zomwe mungachite kuti mupewe izi (mwachitsanzo, imwani madzi ambiri). Choncho musadandaule nazo.
Ma Sulfonamides ndi gulu la mankhwala oyesedwa bwino komanso otsimikizika omwe akhalapo kwa zaka zoposa 90. Poyamba ankagwiritsidwa ntchito kokha pa matenda a bakiteriya, koma tsopano amagwiritsidwa ntchito pochiza matenda osiyanasiyana kuyambira kumutu mpaka kumapazi.
Uthenga Wopita Nawo Kunyumba
- Sulfonamides, kapena "sulfa," si mankhwala amodzi okha. Ndi gulu lalikulu la mankhwala omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito pochiza matenda osiyanasiyana, kuphatikizapo matenda a shuga, kuthamanga kwa magazi, matenda opatsirana, ndi ululu.
- Ngati munakhalapo ndi vuto la ziwengo ndi mankhwala aliwonse a sulfa, onetsetsani kuti mwadziwitsa dokotala wanu musanamwe mankhwala aliwonse.
- Mankhwala aliwonse a sulfa ndi osiyana. Kungoti muli ndi vuto la chifuwa chifukwa cha chimodzi, musadandaule kuti mudzakhala ndi vuto la chifuwa chifukwa cha zina zonse. Funsani dokotala wanu za izi.
- Imwani mankhwala aliwonse pokhapokha ngati dokotala wakupatsani upangiri. Ngati muli ndi nkhawa kapena mantha okhudza zotsatirapo zake, lankhulani ndi dokotala wanu momasuka za izi.
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