Kodi dokotala wakuuzani kuti mwana wanu ali ndi autism? Ndizachilendo kuti kholo lizimva mantha, chisoni, komanso mafunso ambiri akamva nkhaniyi. "Kodi tsogolo la mwana wanga lidzakhala bwanji?" "Kodi sadzatha kukhala ngati ana ena?" "Titani tsopano?" Mwina mukudabwa. Komabe, kafukufuku waposachedwapa wa zachipatala wabweretsa chiyembekezo m'mitima yathu. Choncho lero, tiyeni tikambirane za zomwe tapezazi ndi zomwe mungaphunzire kuchokera pamenepo monga kholo la mwana yemwe ali ndi autism.
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Kodi kafukufuku watsopanoyu akuti chiyani?
Kafukufuku wochitidwa ndi ofufuza ku Boston Children's Hospital ku United States wapeza chinthu chodabwitsa kwambiri. Izi zikutanthauza kuti, ana oposa gawo limodzi mwa magawo atatu (37%) omwe amapezeka ndi matenda a autism spectrum disorder (ASD) ali ana amakhala atakula kwambiri akafika zaka 6 .
Kafukufukuyu adakhudza ana 213 omwe adapezeka ndi ASD azaka zapakati pa chaka chimodzi ndi zitatu. Ana awa adapezeka ndi matendawa ali ndi zaka zapakati pa ziwiri ndi theka. Ana awa adayesedwanso ali ndi zaka zapakati pa zisanu ndi zisanu ndi ziwiri. Apa ndi pomwe zotsatira zodabwitsazi zidawonekera.
Izi zikutanthauza kuti matenda omwe aperekedwa ali mwana si chinthu chomwe chimagwira ntchito pa moyo wonse wa mwana ndipo sichingasinthidwe.
Kodi ana awa adalandira chithandizo chotani?
Chofunika kwambiri mu kafukufukuyu ndichakuti mwana aliyense amene wapezeka ndi vutoli amalandira chithandizo chamtundu wina. Chithandizo chomwe chimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri ndi Applied Behavior Analysis (ABA) .
Ndiye ABA ndi chiyani?
Mwachidule, izi zikuphatikizapo kuwonjezera makhalidwe abwino omwe amathandiza mwana wanu kukhala ndi makhalidwe oipa omwe samuthandiza. Mwachitsanzo, kuphunzitsa mwana wanu kuyang'ana ena, kulankhula, kumwetulira, ndi kupempha zomwe akufuna ndi khalidwe labwino. Komanso, kuchepetsa zinthu monga kukhala wekha ndikuchita zinthu zomwezo mobwerezabwereza ndi gawo la chithandizochi.
Kudzera mu chithandizo cha ABA ichi, mwana:
- Maluso olankhulana
- Chisamaliro ndi kuyang'ana kwambiri
- Maluso ochezera anthu
- Maluso ophunzirira
Zatsimikizika kuti zinthu zambiri zitha kukonzedwa. Izi zikutisonyeza kufunika kozindikira matendawa msanga ndikuyamba chithandizo chamtunduwu choyenera mwana.
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Chinanso chosangalatsa chomwe chapezeka kuchokera mu kafukufukuyu chinali chakuti panali kusiyana pakati pa ana omwe adachira ku ASD ndi omwe adapitilizabe kukhala ndi vutoli. Tiyeni tiwone izi mu tebulo.
| Khalidwe | Zimene ana omwe ali ndi ASD adakumana nazo |
|---|---|
| Ukazi/mwamuna | Kuwonjezeka kwa mwayi wokhala ndi ana aakazi (ASD nthawi zambiri imapezeka kwambiri mwa ana aamuna). |
| Maluso a tsiku ndi tsiku | Matendawa akapezeka koyamba, mwanayo amakhala ndi luso lotha kusintha zinthu. Izi zikutanthauza kuti amakhala bwino pang'ono kuposa ana ena pa ntchito za tsiku ndi tsiku monga kulankhula, kuvala, komanso kupanga zisankho. |
| IQ (Intelligence Quotient) | Ana onse m'gululi anali ndi IQ ya 70 kapena kuposerapo (IQ yochepera 70 imaonedwa ngati chizindikiro cha chilema cha nzeru). |
Izi zikusonyeza kuti pakhoza kukhala ubale pakati pa luso la mwana poyamba ndi momwe amayankhira chithandizo .
Kodi makolo ayenera kuphunzira chiyani kuchokera pa izi?
Zotsatira za kafukufukuyu mwina zakupatsani chiyembekezo chowonjezereka. Zimenezo ndi zabwino. Malinga ndi Dr. Elizabeth Hasted, m'modzi mwa ofufuza otsogola pa kafukufukuyu, ndikofunikira kuti makolo akhale ndi maganizo otseguka.
"Ndikofunikira kumvetsetsa kuti mwana akamakula, ngakhale matenda awo amatha kusintha. Ana ena amatha kusintha kwambiri pakulankhulana kwawo ndi khalidwe lawo. Chifukwa chake, ndikofunikira kuti tipitirize kuyang'anira ana ndikusintha chithandizo ngati pakufunika kutero," akutero.
Uthenga waukulu womwe tingaphunzire kuchokera apa ndi uwu:
- Musataye mtima: Kungoti mwana wanu ali ndi ASD sizikutanthauza kuti ndi mapeto a moyo wake. Ndi chithandizo choyenera ndi chithandizo, akhoza kupita patsogolo kwambiri.
- Lankhulani ndi dokotala wanu nthawi zonse: Lankhulani ndi dokotala wanu za kupita patsogolo kwa mwana wanu, mavuto aliwonse omwe mungakhale nawo, ndi zina zonse. "Dokotala, akuwoneka kuti akuchita bwino pang'ono tsopano," "Dokotala, ali ndi chizolowezi chatsopanochi," ndi zina zotero.
- Chithandizo choyambirira n'chofunika kwambiri: Ngati muwona kusintha kulikonse pa khalidwe la mwana wanu, monga kusasewera ndi ana ena, kusayang'anana maso akamalankhula, kapena kusalankhula moyenerera msinkhu wake, musazengereze kufunafuna upangiri wa dokotala. Matendawa akapezeka msanga, zotsatira zake zimakhala zabwino.
Uthenga Wopita Nawo Kunyumba
- Matenda a Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) sangakhale vuto la moyo wonse, losasinthika, ndipo maphunziro atsopano akupereka chiyembekezo.
- Mwana akapezeka ndi ASD, ndikofunikira kuyamba kulandira chithandizo choyenera mwachangu . Machiritso a khalidwe, monga Applied Behavior Analysis (ABA), awonetsedwa kuti ndi othandiza kwambiri.
- Kambiranani ndi dokotala wanu za kupita patsogolo kwa mwana wanu nthawi zonse . Chithandizo chingafunike kusintha pamene mwana wanu akukula.
- Mwana aliyense ndi wosiyana. Choncho musayerekeze kupita patsogolo kwa mwana wanu ndi mwana wina. Chofunika kwambiri ndi kumuthandiza mwana wanu moleza mtima komanso mwachikondi .
- Chonde dziwani kuti kafukufukuyu ndi chiyembekezo chokha, osati chitsimikizo chomwe chimagwira ntchito kwa aliyense. Chifukwa chake, ndikofunikira kudalira upangiri wazachipatala wozikidwa pa sayansi .
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