Kodi pali magazi mu mkodzo? Tiyeni tiphunzire za khansa iyi ya mkodzo (Urothelial Carcinoma)

Kodi mwaonapo kuti mkodzo wanu wasintha mtundu, ukuoneka ngati uli ndi magazi pang'ono? Kapena mukuvutika ndi kukodza pafupipafupi, kupweteka kwa msana, ndi zina zotero? Ngakhale tingaganize izi ngati matenda osavuta a mkodzo (UTIs), nthawi zina zimatha kukhala chizindikiro cha vuto lina lalikulu. Lero tikambirana za vuto limodzi lotere, lomwe ndi khansa ya mkodzo. Musadandaule, tikambirana chilichonse mwachidule.

Kodi khansa ya m'mimba (Urothelial carcinoma) ndi chiyani?

Mwachidule, Urothelial Carcinoma ndi mtundu wa khansa yomwe imayamba m'thupi lathu la mkodzo. Imatchedwanso Transitional Cell Carcinoma . Tsopano mwina mukudabwa kuti "Urothelium" ndi chiyani. Imatanthauza nembanemba yapadera yoteteza maselo yomwe imazungulira dongosolo lathu la mkodzo, kutanthauza, chikhodzodzo, machubu omwe amanyamula mkodzo kuchokera ku impso kupita ku chikhodzodzo (ureters), ndi ziwalo za impso komwe mkodzo umasonkhana. Monga momwe zimatetezera madzi pakhoma la nyumba yathu, ntchito ya nembanemba iyi ya maselo ndikuletsa mkodzo kuti usakhudze thupi lathu lonse. Chifukwa chake, maselo omwe ali mu nembanemba yoteteza iyi ya maselo akakula molakwika ndikukhala khansa, timatcha Urothelial Carcinoma.

Funso lomwe anthu ambiri amafunsa ndi lakuti kodi iyi ndi khansa ya chikhodzodzo? Ndipotu, 90% ya khansa ya chikhodzodzo ndi yamtunduwu. Komabe, imathanso kufalikira mu impso. Chabwino kwambiri ndichakuti khansa iyi imatha kuchiritsidwa kwathunthu ngati yapezeka msanga .

Kodi mitundu ikuluikulu ya khansa iyi ndi iti?

Khansa iyi ikhoza kugawidwa m'magulu akuluakulu angapo kutengera momwe imakulira komanso kufalikira kwake. Kugawidwa kumeneku ndikofunikira kwambiri posankha chithandizo.

N’chifukwa chiyani khansa yamtunduwu imayamba? Kodi zinthu zoopsa zake ndi ziti?

Ngakhale asayansi sanapezebe chomwe chimayambitsa khansayi, apeza zinthu zingapo zomwe zimawonjezera chiopsezo chotenga khansayi.

• Kusuta fodya ndi kugwiritsa ntchito fodya: Ichi ndiye chinthu chachikulu komanso chachikulu chomwe chimayambitsa chiopsezo . Mankhwala omwe amayambitsa khansa omwe ali mu ndudu amadutsa m'magazi ndikuwunjikana mu mkodzo. Mankhwala oopsawa amawononga nembanemba yoteteza ya mkodzo, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti khansa ikule.
• Kukumana ndi mankhwala kuntchito: Chiwopsezochi chimakhala chachikulu kwa iwo omwe amagwira ntchito m'malo omwe amapanga utoto winawake, labala, nsalu, zinthu zachikopa, ndi zinthu zokonzera tsitsi.
• Matenda opatsirana m'mitsempha ya mkodzo pafupipafupi: Ngati muli ndi matenda opatsirana m'mitsempha ya mkodzo (UTI) kwa nthawi yayitali kapena mumagwiritsa ntchito ma catheter kwa nthawi yayitali, kutupako kumatha kuwononga maselo ndikuwonjezera chiopsezo chanu cha khansa.
• Chithandizo cha X-ray: Chithandizo cha X-ray m'mimba cha khansa zina ndi mankhwala ena oletsa khansa (monga cyclophosphamide) chingawonjezere chiopsezo.
• Mbiri ya banja: Chiwopsezo chimakhala chachikulu ngati wina m'banjamo adadwala khansa yamtunduwu kapena ali ndi matenda a majini monga Lynch syndrome.
• Zinthu zina: Kukalamba ndi kukhala mwamuna nazonso ndi zinthu zomwe zimayambitsa matendawa. Khansa iyi imapezeka kwambiri mwa amuna kuposa akazi.

Kodi mumadziwa bwanji ngati muli ndi matendawa?

Ngati muli ndi zizindikiro, dokotala wanu ayamba kaye wachita zinthu monga kuyeza mkodzo. Kenako, ngati mukukayikira kuti muli ndi khansa, mayesowa nthawi zambiri amachitidwa.

Nthawi zina, ngati dokotala ali ndi chitsimikizo kuti pali chotupa, amachita opaleshoni yotchedwa TURBT (Transurethral Resection of Bladder Tumor) pansi pa opaleshoni yoletsa kupweteka m'chipatala. Pachifukwa ichi, chotupacho chimadulidwa kwathunthu ndikuchotsedwa panthawi ya cystoscopy ndikutumizidwa kukayezetsa. Kachidutswa kakang'ono ka minofu kamatengedwanso kuti akawone ngati khansa yafalikira ku minofu.

Ngati khansayo ndi yapamwamba kwambiri kapena yowopsa, dokotala angakulangizeninso kuti muyike CAT scan kuti muwone ngati yafalikira mbali zina za thupi.

Kodi inunso muli ndi zizindikiro izi? (Zizindikiro)

Chizindikiro chofala kwambiri cha khansa iyi ndi magazi mu mkodzo . Zingawoneke ngati pinki, lalanje, kapena zofiira zakuda, koma sizingawonekere nthawi zonse.

Kuphatikiza apo, onani zinthu izi:

• Ululu kapena kutentha pamene mukukodza
• Kufunika kukodza pafupipafupi kuposa masiku onse
• Kupweteka kosalekeza mbali imodzi ya msana
• Kumva kutopa popanda chifukwa (kutopa)
• Kuchepetsa thupi
• Kumva ngati chotupa m'mimba kapena m'dera la impso
• Kufooka kwa thupi ndi malungo otsika

Akazi, samalani kwambiri!

Nthawi zambiri, akazi akamaona zizindikiro monga kutentha kapena kukodza pafupipafupi, amaganiza kuti ndi matenda wamba a mkodzo (UTI). Komabe, nthawi zina zimatha kukhala chizindikiro cha khansa ya chikhodzodzo. Kafukufuku wasonyeza kuti akazi amapezeka ndi khansa iyi mochedwa kuposa amuna.

Tiyeni tiphunzire za magawo a khansa.

Gawo la matendawa limatsimikiziridwa ndi momwe khansa yafalikira m'thupi. Izi ndizofunikira kwambiri posankha chithandizo.

Kodi mankhwala ochizira izi ndi otani?

Pali njira zambiri zochizira khansa iyi. Chithandizo chake n'chosavuta, makamaka ngati chapezeka msanga. Njira yochizira imatsimikiziridwa ndi mtundu, giredi, ndi gawo la khansa.

• Opaleshoni:
• TURBT: Monga tafotokozera pamwambapa, zotupa zoyambirira zimatha kuchotsedwa kwathunthu ndi njira iyi.
• Kuchotsa Mitsempha ya Khansa: Ngati khansa yafalikira ku minofu kapena ngati khansa yabwerera bwino, chikhodzodzo chonse chingafunike kuchotsedwa. Kenako, njira zina zotulutsira mkodzo zidzapangidwa. Dokotala wanu adzakufotokozerani izi.

• Mankhwala a Chemotherapy:
• Mankhwala Oletsa Khansa Opatsirana M'mitsempha: Pambuyo pa opaleshoni ya TURBT, mankhwala oletsa khansa amayikidwa mwachindunji m'chikhodzodzo kudzera mu chubu. Izi zingathandize kupewa khansa kuti isabwererenso.
• Chithandizo cha Chemotherapy cha Systemic: Ngati khansa yafalikira, chemotherapy imaperekedwa ku thupi lonse kudzera mu mtsempha (IV).

• Chithandizo cha Radiation: Pa khansa yomwe yafalikira ku minofu, ma radiation amphamvu kwambiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito kuwononga maselo a khansa ngati opaleshoni yochotsa chikhodzodzo ikufunika.

• Chithandizo cha Immunotherapy:Uwu ndi mankhwala apamwamba kwambiri tsopano. Chomwe timachita ndikulimbikitsa chitetezo cha mthupi lathu kuti chilimbane ndi maselo a khansa. Mankhwala ena amaperekedwa mwachindunji mu chikhodzodzo, ndipo mankhwala ena apamwamba (checkpoint inhibitors) amaperekedwa kudzera mumtsempha. Izi zapereka zotsatira zabwino kwambiri.

• Chithandizo Cholunjika: Izi sizili ngati mankhwala achikhalidwe a chemotherapy. Mankhwalawa adapangidwa kuti azindikire ndikuukira mawonekedwe enaake a maselo a khansa. Ndi njira yatsopano komanso yopambana yochiritsira.