Tiyeni tiphunzire zambiri zokhudza matenda opatsirana ndi mavairasi. Musachite mantha, tiyeni tikambirane!

Kodi masiku ano mumavutikanso ndi chimfine ndi chifuwa nthawi zonse? Kapena muli ndi kupweteka m'mimba, kupweteka kwa thupi, komanso kutentha thupi? Zambiri mwa izi zimachitika chifukwa cha matenda otchedwa mavairasi. Chifukwa chake, lero tikambirana za matenda a mavairasi, chifukwa chake timawapeza, komanso momwe tingadzitetezere ku matendawa. Palibe chifukwa choopa, tiyeni timvetse chilichonse mosavuta.

Kodi kachilombo ka HIV n'chiyani? Tiyeni timvetse mosavuta!

Taganizirani izi, mavairasi ndi zinthu zazing'ono kwambiri zomwe sitingathe kuziona ndi maso athu. Timatha kuziona pokhapokha ngati titayang'ana kudzera mu maikulosikopu. Mavairasi awa akalowa m'thupi lathu, amatenga maselo athu ndikuyamba kupanga zofananira zawo, kutanthauza mavairasi ambiri, mkati mwa maselo amenewo. Zili ngati munthu wina akulowa m'nyumba mwathu mozemba ndikugwiritsa ntchito katundu wathu kuchita ntchito yake. Chifukwa chake, mavairasi akafalikira motere m'thupi mwathu, timapeza kachilombo ka mavairasi .

Mtundu uwu wa kachilombo ndi wodabwitsa. Sangathe kukhala okha kapena kubereka. Amafunikiradi selo lamoyo kuti achite zimenezo. Zili motere: Kachirombo kamakhala ngati envelopu yaying'ono, mkati mwake muli chidziwitso cha majini awo (kaya `DNA` kapena `RNA`), chomwe chili ndi chipolopolo choteteza (`capsid`). Envelopu iyi ili ndi malangizo amomwe mungapangire mavairasi ambiri. Komabe, maselo athu ali ngati fakitale yonse. Ili ndi malangizo onse ndi makina ochitira malangizowo. Maselo athu amatha kupanga mapuloteni, kupanga maselo ambiri. Chifukwa chake chomwe mavairasi amachita ndichakuti, amalowa m'maselo athu ndikugwiritsa ntchito "makina" awa m'maselo athu kuti apange makope awoawo. Umu ndi momwe mavairasi amafalikira m'matupi athu, ndipo timadwala limodzi pambuyo pa lina.

Kodi iyi ndi kachilombo? Kodi ndi mabakiteriya? Kodi mumadziwa bwanji zoona?

Funso limene timakumana nalo nthawi zonse. Zizindikiro monga malungo, chifuwa, kupweteka kwa thupi, ndipo nthawi zina ziphuphu pakhungu zimatha kuchitika chifukwa cha matenda opatsirana ndi mavairasi komanso mabakiteriya. Chifukwa chake, dokotala yekha ndi amene angadziwe ngati muli ndi kachilombo kapena mabakiteriya. Ngati muli ndi zizindikiro kwa masiku opitilira angapo, kapena ngati simukumva bwino, onetsetsani kuti mwapeza upangiri wa dokotala. Adzakuyang'anirani ndipo, ngati kuli kofunikira, adzakuyesani mayeso kuti adziwe chomwe chikuvuta.

Ndi mitundu iti ya matenda opatsirana ndi ma virus yomwe ilipo?

Matenda a mavairasi amatha kugawidwa m'magulu osiyanasiyana. Nthawi zina amagawidwa malinga ndi gawo la thupi lomwe kachilomboka kamakhudza, momwe kamafalikira, komanso zizindikiro zomwe kamayambitsa. Mitundu ina ya mavairasi, monga mavairasi a herpes ndi adenovirus, ingayambitse matenda osiyanasiyana. Tiyeni tiwone mitundu ina yayikulu ya matenda a mavairasi:

Matenda opatsirana popuma

Izi ndi zomwe zimafala kwambiri pakati pathu. Zimakhudza madera monga mphuno, pakhosi, m'mapapo, ndi m'mapapo. Mavairasi ambiri opuma amayambitsa matenda a bronchitis (kutupa kwa m'mapapo) , sinusitis (sinusitis),(sinusitis), matenda a m'makutu, kapena matenda ena oopsa monga chibayo angachitike. Nazi zitsanzo zingapo:

• Chimfine (nthawi zambiri chimayamba chifukwa cha kachilombo kotchedwa Rhinovirus)
• Fuluwenza (fuluwenza)
• Covid-19 (COVID-19)
• Kachilombo ka Respiratory Syncytial (RSV)
• Kachilombo ka Metapneumovirus ka anthu (hMPV)
• Parainfluenza

Matenda opatsirana ndi mavairasi m'mimba mwanu

Izi zingakhudze ziwalo monga matumbo ndi chiwindi chathu.

• Mavairasi monga Norovirus, Rotavirus, ndi Astrovirus angayambitse matenda otchedwa gastroenteritis , omwe amadziwika ndi kuvutika m'mimba, kusanza, ndi kutsegula m'mimba. Anthu ena amatchanso "chimfine cha m'mimba."
• Mavairasi a chiwindi amayambitsa matenda a chiwindi. Matendawa nthawi zina amatha kukhala okhalitsa (osatha).

Matenda a kutuluka magazi m'thupi omwe amayambitsidwa ndi kachilombo

Izi ndi zoopsa pang'ono. Mavairasi awa amatha kusokoneza njira yotsekeka kwa magazi, kufooketsa mitsempha yamagazi, komanso kuyambitsa kutuluka magazi komwe kungaike moyo pachiswe.

• Ebola
• Matenda a m'mapapo a Hantavirus
• Dengue yoopsa
• Matenda achikasu

Matenda opatsirana pogonana (STIs)

Izi zimafalikira makamaka kudzera mu kugonana kosadziteteza.

• Kachilombo ka HIV (Human Immunodeficiency Virus)
• Kachilombo ka Human Papilloma (HPV) / Zilonda zam'mimba
• Matenda a Ziwengo Zam'mimba (HSV)
• Chiwindi cha chiwindi B

Matenda opatsirana ndi mavairasi ochokera kunja kwa thupi

Mavairasi amenewa angayambitse matuza pakhungu, ziphuphu, kapena madontho a magazi pansi pa khungu. Angayambitsenso zizindikiro za kupuma.

• Nthomba
• Chikuku
• Rubella (Rubella - chikuku cha ku Germany)
• Roseola
• Matenda achisanu
• Mpox

Matenda a mitsempha

Mavairasi ena amaukira maselo a mitsempha yathu (monga ubongo ndi msana). Izi zingayambitse matenda oopsa monga kufooka kwa thupi, kutupa kwa ubongo kapena kuphimba ubongo ( encephalitis kapena meningitis ).

• Kachilombo ka ku West Nile
• Poliyo
• Matenda a chiwewe

Matenda obadwa nawo a kachilombo

Izi ndi matenda obadwa nawo. Amatha kufalikira kuchokera kwa mayi wapakati kupita kwa mwana wake ali m'mimba kapena pobadwa. Kutengera mtundu wa kachilomboka, izi zingayambitse mavuto osiyanasiyana azaumoyo, monga kulephera kuwona kapena kumva, kuchedwa kukula, komanso mavuto amitsempha.

• Kachilombo ka Cytomegalovirus (CMV)
• Rubella
• Kachilombo ka Zika

Ndani amene amakhudzidwa kwambiri ndi matenda opatsirana ndi mavairasi?

Tonsefe timadwala matenda opatsirana pogwiritsa ntchito mavairasi nthawi ina m'miyoyo yathu. Komabe, anthu ena ali pachiwopsezo chachikulu chodwala kwambiri chifukwa cha matendawa. Izi zikuphatikizapo:

• Ana osakwana zaka 5 ndi anthu opitirira zaka 65.
• Anthu omwe ali ndi matenda a m'mapapo a nthawi yayitali monga matenda a shuga, mphumu, ndi COPD (Matenda Osatha Oletsa Mapapo).
• Anthu omwe ali ndi chitetezo chamthupi chofooka (monga anthu omwe ali ndi kachilombo ka HIV/AIDS, odwala khansa, anthu omwe akumwa mankhwala oletsa chitetezo chamthupi).
• Amayi oyembekezera.

Kodi zizindikiro za matenda opatsirana ndi mavairasi ndi ziti?

Zizindikiro za kachilombo ka HIV zimadalira komwe mwatenga kachilomboko. Komabe, pali zizindikiro zina zomwe mungazindikire:

• Zizindikiro zofanana ndi chimfine: malungo, mutu, kupweteka kwa thupi, kutopa.
• Zizindikiro za kupuma movutikira: kupweteka pakhosi, chifuwa, kutsokomola.
• Zizindikiro za m'mimba: nseru, kusanza, kutsegula m'mimba.
• Mavuto a pakhungu: ziphuphu, mabala, matuza, ziphuphu.

Kumbukirani kuti matenda ena a mavairasi amatha kupezeka popanda kusonyeza zizindikiro zilizonse.

Kodi n’chiyani chimayambitsa matenda opatsirana ndi mavairasi?

Ngakhale mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya mavairasi ingayambitse matenda, ochepa okha ndi omwe amakhudza anthu. Mavairasi amenewa amatha kulowa m'thupi mwathu kudzera m'mphuno, pakamwa, m'maso, m'matako, m'maliseche, kapena kudzera pakhungu. Akalowa mkati, amalowa m'maselo athu ndikugwiritsa ntchito maselo amenewo kupanga zofananira zawo.

Kodi timapeza bwanji kachilombo ka HIV?

Pali njira zingapo zazikulu zomwe ma virus amafalikira:

• Kuchokera kwa anthu ena: akamatsokomola, kutsokomola, kapena kukhudzana kwambiri. Tangoganizirani, ngati wina atsokomola m'basi, zimatha kufalikira mosavuta kwa wina.
• Kuchokera pamalo omwe munthu amene ali ndi kachilomboka wagwira: matebulo, zogwirira zitseko, mafoni. Mavairasi awa amapezeka pamalo omwe timawagwira pafupipafupi.
• Kugonana mosadziteteza.
• Dengue imayamba chifukwa cha kulumidwa ndi nyama, udzudzu, kapena utitiri womwe uli ndi kachilomboka.
• Ngati mudya chakudya chodetsedwa kapena kumwa madzi omwe ali ndi kachilomboka.

Chofunika kwambiri ndichakuti matenda ambiri a mavairasi ndi opatsirana . Izi zikutanthauza kuti amatha kufalikira kuchokera kwa munthu wina kupita kwa wina. Popeza mavairasi amafunika chamoyo kuti apulumuke, amapulumuka pofalikira pakati pa anthu.

Kodi mungazindikire bwanji matenda opatsirana ndi ma virus?

Dokotala akhoza kuwunika zizindikiro zanu ndikukuyang'anirani kuti adziwe ngati muli ndi kachilombo ka HIV. Kuti adziwe mtundu weniweni wa kachilomboka, angatenge swab kuchokera pamphuno kapena pakhosi panu, kapena magazi, ndikutumiza kuti akayesedwe.

Nthawi zina, ngati kachilomboka kakuoneka kuti kamayambitsa kutupa kwakukulu m'chiwalo chamkati, monga mapapo kapena ubongo, dokotala angakufunseni kuti muwawonere X-ray, ultrasound, MRI, kapena CT scans. Ngakhale kuti zithunzizi sizingadziwe kuti kachilomboka ndi chiyani, zingathandize kumvetsetsa momwe kakhudzira thupi.

Mayeso a matenda opatsirana ndi mavairasi

Dokotala wanu angatenge zitsanzo za madzi kapena minofu ya thupi lanu ndikuzitumiza ku labotale kuti akaone zizindikiro za kachilombo ka HIV (DNA/RNA ya kachilombo, ma antibodies, kapena ma antigen). Zitsanzo zamtunduwu zikuphatikizapo:

• Magazi
• Malovu
• Kutupa kwa mbolo
• Nsalu ya m'mphuno/m'mphuno
• Zitsanzo zotengedwa pakhungu kapena minofu ina yokhudzidwa
• Madzi ozungulira ubongo ndi msana ('madzi a CNS')
• Mkodzo
• Chopondapo
• Maselo a pachibelekero (Pap smear). Kuyezetsa kwa Pap kungathe kuzindikira HPV (human papillomavirus). Ngakhale HPV ingayambitse khansa, nthawi zambiri siimayambitsa zizindikiro.

Kodi matenda opatsirana ndi mavairasi amachiritsidwa bwanji?

Ndipotu, matenda ochepa chabe a mavairasi ndi omwe ali ndi mankhwala enieni. Pa matenda oopsa kapena okhalitsa, dokotala angakupatseni mankhwala oletsa mavairasi kapena mankhwala omwe amakutetezani kuti musadwale mutadwala kachilomboka.

Pa matenda ang'onoang'ono monga chimfine, nthawi zambiri mumatha kuthana ndi zizindikiro kunyumba ndikudikira mpaka matendawa atakhala bwino okha.

Ndi mankhwala ati omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito pochiza mavairasi?

• Mankhwala oletsa mavairasi: Mankhwalawa amagwira ntchito poletsa mavairasi kuti asapange makope ambiri m'thupi. Amagwiritsidwa ntchito poletsa matenda ena osatha komanso kuchepetsa nthawi ya matenda ena opumira. Komabe, mankhwala aliwonse oletsa mavairasi amagwira ntchito polimbana ndi mtundu umodzi wa kachilombo. Pali mankhwala oletsa mavairasi a matenda monga fuluwenza, COVID-19, chiwindi cha mtundu wa B ndi C, HIV, ndi nthomba.
• Madzi a m'magazi osinthika: Nthawi zina, munthu amene ali ndi kachilombo koyambitsa imfa amalandira chithandizo cha magazi. Izi zimaphatikizapo kutenga magazi kuchokera kwa munthu amene kale anali ndi kachilombo komweko ndipo anachira, ndikupereka magaziwo kwa wodwalayo kudzera mu IV. Madzi a m'magazi awa ali ndi ma antibodies. Izi zimathandiza kulimbana ndi matendawa. Matenda monga COVID-19 ndi Ebola nthawi zina amachiritsidwa ndi njira iyi.
• Chitetezo cha matenda pambuyo pa kukhudzana ndi kachilomboka:Pali mankhwala omwe angakutetezeni kuti musadwale mutakumana ndi mavairasi ena omwe angakupheni. Komabe, mankhwala awa ayenera kuperekedwa musanayambe zizindikiro. Izi zikuphatikizapo mankhwala oletsa mavairasi ndi mankhwala a immunoglobulin (antibody). Mankhwalawa amapezeka pa matenda monga HIV, chiwewe, chiwindi cha mtundu wa B, ndi katsabola.

Kodi maantibayotiki ndi othandiza pa matenda opatsirana ndi mavairasi?

Nayi mfundo yofunika kwambiri yomwe muyenera kudziwa. Ayi! Mankhwala opha tizilombo sachiza matenda opatsirana ndi mavairasi. Mankhwala opha tizilombo ndi mtundu wa mankhwala omwe amapha mabakiteriya. Mavairasi ndi chinthu china chosiyana. Chifukwa chake dokotala amangokupatsani mankhwala opha tizilombo ngati akuganiza kuti muli ndi kachilombo ka bakiteriya. Kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala opha tizilombo mosayenera sikwabwino kwa thupi lanu, ndipo kungayambitsenso kukula kwa mabakiteriya osamva mankhwala.

Kodi ndingathe bwanji kuthana ndi zizindikiro zanga?

Ngati muli ndi matenda osavuta komanso osavuta okhudza kupuma kapena matenda am'mimba, nthawi zambiri mumatha kuthana ndi zizindikiro zanu kunyumba. Kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala ogulitsidwa kunja kwa chipatala (OTC), kumwa madzi ambiri, komanso kupuma mokwanira kungakuthandizeni kumva bwino mpaka kachilomboka katatha. Komabe, nthawi zonse ndi bwino kufunsa dokotala musanamwe mankhwala aliwonse.

Kodi mungadziteteze bwanji ku matenda opatsirana ndi mavairasi? (Kupewa)

Njira imodzi yabwino kwambiri yodzitetezera ku matenda opatsirana ndi kulandira katemera. Dokotala wanu angakuthandizeni kusankha katemera woyenera kwa inu. Izi zingaphatikizepo:

• Nthomba
• Covid-19 (COVID-19)
• Chiwindi cha chiwindi A
• Chiwindi cha chiwindi B
• Kachilombo ka papilloma ka anthu (HPV)
• Fuluwenza (fuluwenza)
• Chikuku, mumps ndi rubella (MMR)
• Poliyo
• Rotavirus
• Matenda a chiwewe
• Matenda a Shingles (Herpes Zoster)

Njira zina zodzitetezera nokha ndi ena ku mavairasi ndi izi:

• Sambani m'manja mwanu bwino nthawi zambiri, makamaka nthawi ya chimfine ndi chimfine.
• Tsatirani njira zodzitetezera ku chakudya. Zinthu monga kusunga chakudya moyenera, kuphika nyama ndi nsomba bwino, komanso kutsuka zipatso ndi ndiwo zamasamba bwino musanadye.
• Gwiritsani ntchito kondomu kapena dam la mano nthawi iliyonse yogonana.
• Dzitetezeni ku tizilombo. Valani zovala zodzitetezera, ikani mankhwala ophera tizilombo, ndipo mugone pansi pa neti ngati pakufunika kutero.
• Musayandikire nyama zakuthengo kapena zoopsa. Musasiye ziweto zanu, monga agalu kapena amphaka, panja zokha, chifukwa zingalumidwe ndi nyama yolusa.
• Ngati mukudwala, chepetsani kukhudzana ndi anthu ena.
• Pezani njira yodzitetezera ku matenda a chiwewe. Ngati mwakumana ndi mavairasi enaake, chithandizochi chingathandize kupewa matenda oopsa. Ngati mukuganiza kuti mwakumanapo ndi matenda monga chiwewe, kachilombo ka HIV, chiwindi cha mtundu wa B, kapena nthenda ya nkhuku, pitani kuchipatala nthawi yomweyo.

Kodi chimachitika ndi chiyani ndikatenga kachilombo ka HIV?

Zimatengera mtundu wa matenda opatsirana pogwiritsa ntchito mavairasi omwe muli nawo. Zinthu monga chimfine ndi matenda ang'onoang'ono a pakhungu zimatha kuthandizidwa kunyumba. Koma matenda ena opatsirana pogwiritsa ntchito mavairasi amatha kukhala oopsa ndipo amatha nthawi yayitali.

Kodi matenda opatsirana ndi ma virus amatenga nthawi yayitali bwanji?

Iyi ndi njira imodzi:

• Matenda opatsirana popuma amatha kukhala masiku angapo mpaka milungu iwiri.
• Chizindikiro cha khungu chingakhalepo kwa chaka chimodzi kapena kuposerapo.
• Mofanana ndi Hepatitis B ndi C, matendawa amatha kukhala matenda osatha omwe amakhalapo kwa zaka zambiri.
• Matenda a HIV sangachiritsidwe, ndi a moyo wonse.

Kodi ndi mavuto otani omwe angabwere chifukwa cha matenda opatsirana ndi ma virus?

Matenda opatsirana ndi mavairasi angayambitse mavuto aakulu nthawi yomweyo matendawa atatha kapena patapita zaka zambiri.

• Chibayo: Matenda opumira angayambitse matenda m'mapapo ndi kutupa. Izi zingapangitse kuti zikhale zovuta kupuma. Chibayo chachikulu chingafunike kugonekedwa kuchipatala kuti akalandire chithandizo.
• Matenda a Encephalitis kapena meningitis: Ngati kachilombo kapita ku ubongo kuchokera kwina m'thupi, ubongo ukhoza kutupa. Izi ndi zoopsa kwambiri.
• Kutuluka magazi kwambiri: Matenda otuluka magazi monga dengue yoopsa angayambitse kutuluka magazi koopsa.
• Kubwezeretsanso Matenda: Matenda ena a kachilombo amatha kukhala m'thupi mwanu kwa nthawi yayitali, ngakhale mutakhala kuti mulibe zizindikiro, kapena simunakhalepo ndi zizindikiro. Kachilombo kamene kamakhalabe m'thupi mwanu popanda kuyambitsa zizindikiro kapena kuberekana kamatchedwa "dormant." Mavairasi ena, monga kachilombo ka Epstein-Barr (EBV), HPV, herpes simplex, ndi kachilombo ka nkhuku (Varicella), amatha kubwereranso m'thupi mwanu ndikuyambitsa zizindikiro patatha zaka zambiri.
• Khansa: Mavairasi ena angayambitse khansa ngati akhala m'thupi kwa nthawi yayitali (izi zimatchedwa `oncoviruses`). Mwachitsanzo, mavairasi monga `HPV` (human papillomavirus), Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), `HIV`, hepatitis B ndi C, human T-lymphotropic virus 1 (HTLV-1), ndi human herpesvirus 8 (HHV-8) apezeka kuti akugwirizana ndi mitundu ina ya khansa.

Kodi ndiyenera kupita kwa dokotala liti?

Pitani kwa dokotala ngati pali zifukwa izi:

• Ngati muli ndi zizindikiro za matenda opatsirana ndi kachilombo, ndipo sizikuchira patatha masiku angapo, kapena zikuipiraipira, palibe vuto.
• Ngati muli ndi zizindikiro za chimfine kapena COVID-19, ndipo muli pachiwopsezo chodwala kwambiri, dokotala akhoza kukupatsani mankhwala oletsa mavairasi.
• Ngati mwakumanapo ndi matenda monga HIV, Chiwewe, Hepatitis B, kapena Chickenpox, muyenera kupeza njira yopewera matenda pambuyo pa kukhudzana ndi kachilomboka mwamsanga.

Kodi ndiyenera kupita ku Chipinda Chothandizira Anthu Odwala Mwadzidzidzi (ETU) liti?

Ngati muli ndi zizindikiro za matenda oopsa, pitani kuchipatala chapafupi kapena pitani kuchipatala mwamsanga. Zizindikiro zimenezi ndi izi:

• Malungo aakulu (oposa 103 Fahrenheit / 39.4 Celsius).
• Kuvuta kupuma.
• Kupweteka pachifuwa.
• Kutsokomola magazi.
• Kupweteka kwambiri m'mimba.
• Kusokonezeka maganizo kapena kusintha kwina kwa maganizo.

Ndi mafunso ati omwe ndiyenera kufunsa dokotala wanga?

• Kodi ndingatani kuti matendawa asafalikire kwa ena?
• Kodi ndingagwiritse ntchito bwanji mankhwalawa?
• Kodi zinditengera nthawi yayitali bwanji kuti ndichire?
• Kodi ndingachite chiyani kuti ndithetse zizindikiro zanga kunyumba?
• Ndiyenera kubweranso liti kudzakuonaninso?

Pomaliza, zinthu zoti muzikumbukira (Uthenga Wopita Nawo Kunyumba)

Matenda opatsirana ndi mavairasi ndi ofala kwambiri ndipo nthawi zambiri si owopsa. Tonsefe timakumana ndi chimfine, kuvutika m'mimba, ndi mavuto ang'onoang'ono a pakhungu nthawi zonse. Komabe, mavairasi ena angayambitse matenda oopsa, ndipo ngakhale matenda wamba monga chimfine amatha kukhala oopsa. Ndicho chifukwa chake ndikofunikira kwambiri kuchitapo kanthu kuti mudziteteze nokha ndi omwe akuzungulirani ku matenda opatsirana ndi mavairasi. Zinthu monga kulandira katemera, kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi m'manja, komanso kugonana mosamala zingakuthandizeni kukhala ndi thanzi labwino.

Kotero, ndikukhulupirira kuti izi zikuthandizani. Kaya muli ndi matenda otani, ndibwino kuti musachite mantha ndikupempha upangiri wofunikira kwa dokotala. Khalani ndi thanzi labwino!

Matenda a Virus, Virus, Zizindikiro, Chithandizo, Kupewa, Malangizo a Thanzi