Udzudzu ukachuluka nthawi yamvula, nthawi yomweyo timaganiza za dengue, sichoncho? Mofananamo, tikamayenda m'nkhalango, timaopanso nkhupakupa. Kodi mukudziwadi matenda angati oopsa omwe angatipatsire ndi nyama zazing'ono monga udzudzu, nkhupakupa, ndi utitiri? Nyama zazing'ono izi ndi zomwe zimayambitsa imfa ya anthu mamiliyoni ambiri padziko lonse lapansi chaka chilichonse. Lero tikulankhula za matenda opatsirana ndi nyama zonyamula matenda otere.
Kodi matenda ofalitsidwa ndi tizilombo ndi ati?
Mwachidule, vector ndi kachilombo koyambitsa matenda, monga kachilombo, mabakiteriya, kapena tizilombo toyambitsa matenda (tizilombo toyambitsa matenda), komwe kamatengedwa kuchokera ku nyama ina kupita ku ina, ndipo nthawi zina kuchokera kwa munthu wina kupita kwa wina. Vectors amenewa amayamba kutenga kachilomboka m'thupi lawo akamayamwa magazi a nyama kapena munthu wodwala. Kenako, vector ikaluma munthu wathanzi, amaika kachilomboka mwa munthuyo.
Taganizirani za udzudzu. Ngati udzudzu waluma munthu amene ali ndi dengue, ukhoza kukulumani. Matenda omwe amafalikira motere amatchedwa 'Vector-Borne Diseases '.
Matenda ena ofala kwambiri m'dziko lathu ndi awa:
- Dengue
- Malungo
- Chikungunya
- Encephalitis ya ku Japan ( malungo a muubongo )
- Nthenda ya typhus
Matendawa amapha anthu opitilira 700,000 padziko lonse lapansi chaka chilichonse. Matendawa amapezeka kwambiri m'madera otentha komanso otentha, monga mayiko monga Sri Lanka.
Kodi zimayambitsa matendawa ndi chiyani?
Chifukwa chachikulu chomwe chimayambitsa matendawa ndi kulumidwa ndi ziweto zomwe zili ndi matendawa monga udzudzu, nkhupakupa, utitiri, ndi ntchentche zamchenga. Popeza nyama zambirizi ndi zoyamwa magazi, ndiye kuti matendawa amafalikira.
Zinthu zina zingapo zimakhudza kufalikira kwa matendawa.
- Malo: Malo omwe madzi amasonkhana (zipolopolo za kokonati, matayala, miphika ya maluwa), ndi udzu wautali ndi malo abwino kwambiri oti tizilomboti tiziberekere.
- Kuchulukana kwa anthu ndi kufalikira kwa mizinda: Anthu ambiri akamakhala limodzi ndipo mizinda ikamangidwa popanda kukonzekera, malo oti zinthuzi zipitirire kukula amawonjezeka.
Kuchokera patebulo ili m'munsimu, mutha kuwona matenda ena ofala kwambiri m'dziko lathu komanso padziko lonse lapansi, pamodzi ndi zomwe zimayambitsa.Za majeremusi ndi ma venative omwe amawafalitsa.
| Matenda | Kachirombo koyambitsa matenda | Vekitala |
|---|---|---|
| Dengue, Chikungunya, Zika | Kachilombo | Udzudzu wa Aedes |
| Malungo | Tizilombo toyambitsa matenda | Udzudzu wachikazi wa Anopheles |
| Encephalitis ya ku Japan | Kachilombo | Udzudzu wa Culex |
| Nthenda ya typhus | Bakiteriya (Bakiteria) | Nsabwe (Nsabwe) |
| Mliri | Bakiteriya (Bakiteria) | Utitiri – (kuyambira makoswe mpaka anthu) |
| Matenda a Lyme | Bakiteriya (Bakiteria) | Nkhuku |
Kodi zizindikiro za matenda ofala kwambiri ndi ziti?
Zizindikiro za matenda aliwonsewa ndi zosiyana. Chifukwa chake ndi chakuti majeremusi omwe amayambitsa matendawa ndi osiyana. Tiyeni tiwone zizindikiro za matenda angapo ofala kwambiri.
Chofunika: Ngati muli ndi chimodzi mwa zizindikiro izi kapena zingapo, chonde pitani kwa dokotala nthawi yomweyo, osaganizira. Chithandizo chachangu chingapulumutse miyoyo.
| Matenda | Zizindikiro zodziwika bwino |
|---|---|
| Chikungunya | Kuyamba mwadzidzidzi kutentha thupi, kupweteka kwa mafupa, kupweteka kwa minofu, mutu, nseru, kupweteka kwa thupi, ndi ziphuphu pakhungu. Kupweteka kwa mafupa kumatha kukhala kwa milungu ingapo. |
| Dengue | Kuyamba mwadzidzidzi kutentha thupi kwambiri (mwina 40°C), mutu waukulu, kupweteka pansi pa maso, kupweteka kwa minofu ndi mafupa, nseru, kusanza, kutupa kwa glands ndi ziphuphu zofiira pakhungu. Ngati mukukumana ndi zizindikiro zoopsa monga kupweteka kwambiri m'mimba, kusanza kosalekeza, kutuluka magazi m'kamwa, kapena kupuma movutikira, pitani ku Dipatimenti Yothandiza Anthu Odwala Zadzidzidzi (ETU) kuchipatala nthawi yomweyo. |
| Malungo | Malungo aakulu, thukuta kwambiri, mutu, nseru, kupweteka kwa thupi, kutsegula m'mimba, kusanza, kupuma movutikira, ndi kupweteka pachifuwa. Ngati matendawa apitirira, jaundice (khungu ndi maso oyera achikasu) ndi chikomokere zingachitike. |
| Encephalitis ya ku Japan | Akuluakulu poyamba amatha kukhala ndi malungo, mutu, komanso kusanza. Zizindikiro za mitsempha, kuphatikizapo kufooka ndi kuvutika kuyenda, zimatha kuchitika patatha masiku ochepa. Ana aang'ono amatha kugwidwa ndi khunyu. Pakati pa 20% ndi 30% ya anthu omwe ali ndi matenda a ubongo amafa. |
Njira zochizira ndi kupewa matenda awa
Chithandizo
Chithandizo cha matenda amenewa chimasiyana malinga ndi matendawo.
- Matenda a mavairasi:Palibe mankhwala omwe amapha mwachindunji kachilomboka pa matenda oyambitsidwa ndi mavairasi monga dengue ndi chikungunya. Apa, madokotala amangoyang'anira zizindikiro zokha. Mwachitsanzo, amapereka mankhwala ochepetsa malungo ndikuchepetsa ululu. Ndikofunikiranso kupuma bwino ndikumwa zakumwa (madzi, madzi akumwa, phala).
- Matenda a tizilombo toyambitsa matenda ndi mabakiteriya: Pa matenda omwe amayamba chifukwa cha tizilombo toyambitsa matenda, monga malungo, pali mankhwala omwe amapha kapena kuletsa kukula kwa tizilombo toyambitsa matenda (monga quinone). Pa matenda a bakiteriya, monga typhus, maantibayotiki (monga doxycycline) amaperekedwa.
Chofunika kwambiri ndichakuti muyenera kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala aliwonse mwa awa motsatira malangizo a dokotala wanu. Kumwa mankhwala nokha kumangowonjezera matendawo.
Kupewa
Mawu akuti "Kupewa kuli bwino kuposa kuchiza" ndi oona 100% pa matenda awa. Tiyeni tiwone zomwe tingachite kuti tipewe matenda awa.
- Sungani malo oyera: Ichi ndiye chinthu chofunika kwambiri. Chotsani madzi osasunthika m'nyumba mwanu. Chotsani zipolopolo za kokonati, matayala akale, makapu a yogurt, ngakhale madzi omwe ali m'miphika ya maluwa. Awa ndi malo oberekera udzudzu.
- Katemera: Pali katemera woteteza ku matenda monga matenda a encephalitis aku Japan. Mutha kudziwa zambiri za izi kuchokera ku ofesi ya dipatimenti yazaumoyo yapafupi.
- Kuphimba: Valani zovala zophimba thupi lanu bwino mukatuluka, makamaka m'mawa ndi madzulo. Izi zingathandize kuchepetsa kulumidwa ndi udzudzu.
- Gwiritsani ntchito mankhwala othamangitsa tizilombo: Pakani mankhwala othamangitsa udzudzu pamalo omwe pakhungu lanu pali poyera.
- Samalani mukamayenda: Musanapite kwina kulikonse, yang'anani ngati matenda amenewa afala m'derali. Ngati kuli kofunikira, onani dokotala wanu musanapiteko ndikupempha upangiri.
- Dzitetezeni ku nkhupakupa: Ngati mukuyenda m'nkhalango kapena m'malo obiriwira, yang'anani thupi lanu ngati muli ndi nkhupakupa. Ngati muwona nkhupakupa, musaichotse ndi manja anu. Gwiritsani ntchito ma tweezers kuti muchotse mosamala ndikuyeretsa malowo bwino ndi mankhwala ophera tizilombo toyambitsa matenda.
- Ukhondo wa chakudya: Nthawi zonse idyani chakudya choyera komanso chophikidwa bwino.
Uthenga Wopita Nawo Kunyumba
- Matenda opatsirana ndi tizilombo ndi matenda omwe amafalitsidwa ndi nyama wamba, monga udzudzu ndi nkhupakupa, koma akhoza kukhala oopsa kwambiri.
- Njira yabwino yodzitetezera ku matenda amenewa ndi kupewa. Ndikofunikira kuti nyumba yanu ndi malo ozungulira zikhale zoyera, makamaka popanda malo omwe madzi angaunjikane.
- Ndikofunikira kuvala zovala zodzitetezera komanso kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala oletsa udzudzu kuti mudziteteze nokha ndi banja lanu ku kulumidwa ndi tizilombo monga udzudzu ndi nkhupakupa.
- Ngati mukumva zizindikiro monga kutentha thupi mwadzidzidzi, mutu waukulu, kupweteka thupi ndi mafupa, komanso kutupa pakhungu, musachedwe ndipo pitani kwa dokotala wodziwa bwino ntchito nthawi yomweyo.
- Musayese kudzipatsa mankhwala nokha popanda upangiri wa dokotala. Zingakuikeni pachiwopsezo chachikulu.
matenda ofalitsidwa ndi tizilombo toyambitsa matenda, matenda ofalitsidwa ndi udzudzu, dengue, malungo, chikungunya, tizilombo toyambitsa matenda, nkhupakupa, thanzi la Sinhala, Sri Lanka
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