Kodi mudamvapo za wachibale kapena mnzanu amene anali m'chipinda chosamalira odwala kwambiri (ICU) akudwala "matenda obwera kuchipatala"? Nthawi zina zimakhala chifukwa cha mtundu wa mabakiteriya omwe tikukamba, omwe sagonjetsedwa ndi mankhwala ambiri ndipo ndi owopsa pang'ono. Ngakhale kuti mabakiteriyawa nthawi zambiri samayambitsa mavuto ambiri kwa anthu athanzi, akhoza kukhala chiwopsezo chachikulu kwa munthu amene ali m'chipatala komanso amene chitetezo chamthupi chake chili chofooka.
Kodi Acinetobacter baumannii ndi chiyani kwenikweni?
Mwachidule, uwu ndi mtundu wa mabakiteriya. Alipo ambiri m'chilengedwe, makamaka m'nthaka ndi m'madzi. Mu mayeso a labotale, mabakiteriyawa amagawidwa m'gulu la ``Gram-negative''. Izi zikutanthauza kuti amawoneka pinki akapakidwa utoto winawake. Ngakhale kuti sizingakhale zofunika kwa ife, ndizofunikira kwa madokotala.
Koma chifukwa chachikulu chomwe tonsefe timaopa mabakiteriyawa ndi luso lawo lodabwitsa. Ndi luso lawo lolimbana ndi maantibayotiki . Tikudziwa kuti tikakhala ndi matenda a bakiteriya, dokotala amatipatsa maantibayotiki. Koma mabakiteriyawa, Acinetobacter baumannii, apeza njira zothanirana ndi maantibayotiki ambiri. Tikutcha izi kuti kukana mankhwala ambiri. Zili ngati kumanga mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya ma bunkers kuti abisalemo mdani akabwera. Chifukwa chake, madokotala ayenera kukumana ndi vuto lalikulu kuti achiritse matenda oyambitsidwa ndi mabakiteriyawa.
Kodi matendawa amafalikira bwanji? Ndani ali pachiwopsezo chachikulu?
Matenda a bakiteriya amenewa ndi osowa kwambiri kwa anthu ambiri kunja kwa chipatala. Komabe, nthawi zina amatha kuchitika kunja kwa chipatala kwa anthu omwe ali ndi matenda a shuga, matenda osatha a m'mapapo, kapena chitetezo chamthupi chofooka.
Koma chiopsezo chachikulu ndi cha odwala omwe ali m'chipatala, makamaka omwe ali odwala kwambiri. Taganizirani izi: Munthu amene ali mu mkhalidwe wotere amakhala ndi mwayi waukulu wopeza matendawa:
- Anthu omwe akulandira chithandizo mu chipinda chosamalira odwala kwambiri (ICU).
- Anthu omwe ali ndi makina opumira mpweya.
- Anthu omwe ali ndi ma catheter a mkodzo kapena ma catheter a m'mitsempha.
- Anthu omwe akhala mchipatala kwa nthawi yayitali.
- Anthu omwe ali ndi mabala otseguka ochitidwa opaleshoni.
Njira zazikulu zomwe matendawa angafalitsire ndi kudzera m'manja mwa ogwira ntchito kuchipatala, pokhudza wodwala yemwe ali ndi kachilomboka, kudzera m'madontho omwe amalowa mumlengalenga munthu wodwala akamatsokomola kapena kuyetsemula, komanso kudzera m'zida zachipatala zomwe sizinatsukidwe bwino.
Mabakiteriya amenewa amatha kukhala ndi moyo kwa nthawi yayitali pamalo monga zida za m'chipatala ndi mabedi. Ichi ndichifukwa chake zinthu monga ukhondo m'zipatala ndi kusamba m'manja kwa ogwira ntchito ndizofunikira kwambiri.
Ngakhale bungwe la World Health Organization (WHO) laphatikiza mabakiteriya a `Acinetobacter baumannii` pakati pa mabakiteriya omwe ali pachiwopsezo chachikulu kwa anthu. Chifukwa cha izi ndi luso lodabwitsa lolimbana ndi maantibayotiki omwe atchulidwa pamwambapa.
Kodi zizindikiro za matendawa ndi ziti?
Zizindikiro zimadalira mbali ya thupi yomwe mabakiteriya ayambitsa matendawa. Mwachitsanzo, ngati mapapo ali ndi kachilombo, sipadzakhala zizindikiro, koma ngati ubongo uli ndi kachilombo, padzakhala zizindikiro.
Tiyeni tifotokoze bwino izi ndi tebulo ili m'munsimu.
| Mtundu wa matenda | Kufotokozera ndi zizindikiro |
|---|---|
| Chibayo chomwe chapezeka kuchipatala | Uwu ndiye matenda ofala kwambiri omwe amayamba chifukwa cha bakiteriyayu. Amatha kupezeka makamaka mwa anthu omwe ali mu ICU kapena omwe ali ndi makina opumira. Zizindikiro: kutentha thupi, kuvutika kupuma, kugunda kwa mtima mofulumira, kupweteka pachifuwa, ndi kuzizira. |
| Matenda a m'magazi (Matenda a m'magazi / Sepsis) | Mabakiteriya amalowa m'magazi ndikufalikira m'thupi lonse. Uwu ndi vuto loopsa kwambiri. Mu ICU, chiopsezo cha imfa chifukwa cha matenda otere ndi pafupifupi 30%-40%. Zizindikiro: Malungo akulu, kuzizira, kupuma mofulumira, ndi chisokonezo. |
| Matenda a mitsempha yapakati | Matenda a meningitis, matenda a nembanemba zomwe zimaphimba ubongo, amatha kuchitika, makamaka pambuyo pa opaleshoni ya ubongo. Zizindikiro zake ndi monga kutentha thupi kwambiri, kutaya chidziwitso, kukomoka, kuuma khosi, mutu, komanso kulephera kuyang'ana kuwala kowala. |
| Matenda ena | Matenda a mkodzo, matenda a mafupa, matenda a khungu ndi minofu yofewa, matenda a mabala, ndi matenda a mkati mwa mtima (endocarditis) amathanso kuchitika. |
Kodi izi zimachiritsidwa bwanji?
Ichi ndi vuto lalikulu kwambiri. Popeza mabakiteriyawa sagonjetsedwa ndi maantibayotiki ambiri, zimakhala zovuta kwambiri kuti madokotala asankhe chithandizo.
Izi ndi zomwe zimachitika nthawi zambiri:
Dokotala wanu akamaganiza kuti muli ndi kachilombo, adzatenga chitsanzo (monga magazi, phlegm, kapena madzi ochokera pabala) kuchokera pamalo omwe ali ndi kachilomboka ndikutumiza ku labu. Izi zimatchedwa mayeso a "culture".
Koma zimatenga masiku angapo kuti zotsatira za "(chikhalidwe)" chimenecho zibwerere. Ngati wodwalayo akudwala kwambiri, simungayembekezere zotsatirazo. Choncho dokotalayo amayamba kulandira chithandizo kutengera zomwe waganiza bwino , kutengera zomwe wakumana nazo ndi mitundu ya mabakiteriya omwe amapezeka m'chipatala komanso maantibayotiki omwe apambana posachedwapa.
Lipoti la chikhalidwe likadzafika patatha masiku ochepa, lidzafotokoza momveka bwino mabakiteriya omwe akuyambitsa matendawa, maantibayotiki omwe amagwira ntchito, ndi maantibayotiki omwe sagwira ntchito. Dokotalayo adzasankha ngati asinthe chithandizo chomwe chinayambitsidwa kale kapena ayi kutengera lipotilo.
Nthawi zina, mabakiteriyawa amalimbana ndi maantibayotiki amphamvu kwambiri, "omaliza" monga ``carbapenem''. Zikatero, chithandizo chimakhala chovuta kwambiri. Chifukwa chake, pazochitika zotere, siyani chisankho cha chithandizocho kwa dokotala wanu.
Uthenga Wopita Nawo Kunyumba
- Acinetobacter baumannii ndi matenda oopsa a bakiteriya omwe sagonjetsedwa ndi maantibayotiki ambiri ndipo amafalikira kwambiri m'zipatala.
- Chiwopsezo chachikulu ndi cha odwala omwe ali m'zipinda zosamalira odwala kwambiri (ICUs), omwe ali pamakina opumira mpweya, omwe ali ndi mabala ochitidwa opaleshoni, komanso omwe ali ndi chitetezo chamthupi chofooka.
- Zizindikiro zimadalira mbali ya thupi yomwe yadwala matendawa (mapapo, magazi, ubongo, ndi zina zotero).
- Chithandizo ndi chovuta ndipo chiyenera kuyendetsedwa ndi dokotala wanu kutengera malipoti a mayeso a labotale.
- Njira yabwino yopewera matendawa ndikutsatira mosamala njira zoyenera zaukhondo m'zipatala (makamaka kusamba m'manja ndi ogwira ntchito).
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