Zomwe muyenera kudziwa zokhudza mayeso a IQ (mayeso a IQ)

Tonse tamva za "IQ," sichoncho? Pokamba za nzeru za munthu, tamva anthu akunena kuti, "IQ yake ndi yapamwamba kwambiri." Nthawi zina, anthu ena amayesa kupeza yankho polemba mafunso ang'onoang'ono pa intaneti ndikufunsa kuti, "IQ yanga ndi chiyani?" Koma kodi mayeso a IQ amenewa ndi otani kwenikweni? Kodi angayese nzeru zathu? Lero, tikambirana mozama pang'ono, komanso mwachidule, za nkhani yomwe ili kumbuyo kwake ndi mikangano yozungulira.

Kodi IQ iyi ndi chiyani?

Mwachidule, IQ ndi chidule cha mawu achingerezi akuti 'Intelligence Quotient'. Chimayesa momwe munthu angathere kulingalira, kugwiritsa ntchito chidziwitso, komanso kugwiritsa ntchito kulingalira poyerekeza ndi ena azaka zake.

Inayamba kupangidwa mu 1904 ndi katswiri wa zamaganizo dzina lake Alfred Binet. Iye ankakhulupirira kuti nzeru, ngakhale kuti ndi nzeru wamba, si chinthu chimodzi, koma ndi kuphatikiza kwa maluso osiyanasiyana ndipo makamaka zimapangidwa ndi chilengedwe chathu. Choyamba adapanga mayesowa kuti ayesere nzeru za ana asukulu ku France komanso kuthandiza aphunzitsi kusintha njira zawo zophunzitsira kuti athandize ana amenewo. Taonani momwe zimenezo zilili zabwino!

Mbali yamdima ya mayeso a IQ

Koma pamene lingaliro la kuyesa kwa IQ linafika ku America, nkhaniyi inasintha kwambiri. Ofufuza ena, monga Binay, ankaganiza kuti nzeru ndi chinthu chomwe timaphunzira ndikupeza kuchokera ku chilengedwe chathu. Koma ena anati, "Ayi, nzeru ndi chinthu chomwe chimachokera ku majini athu, ndiko kuti, ndi luso lobadwa nalo."

Anthu amene ankakhulupirira zimenezi ndi amene ankachita mayeso a IQ ndipo anawagwiritsa ntchito pochirikiza mfundo yoopsa kwambiri yomwe panthawiyo inkatchedwa 'eugenics' . Izi zikutanthauza kuti, anthu okhawo omwe anali ndi "majini abwino" m'gulu la anthu komanso kuchotsa omwe ankaganiza kuti anali ndi "majini oipa". Chifukwa cha mfundo imeneyi, anthu zikwizikwi m'zipatala zamaganizo, m'malo osungira anthu okalamba, ndi m'ndende anachitidwa opaleshoni yoletsa kubereka mosafuna kwawo. Imeneyo ndi malo amdima kwambiri m'mbiri ya mayesowa. Zinthuzi zinkachitika chifukwa cha tsankho, komanso chifukwa cha zifukwa zina za anthu.

Kodi zigoli za IQ zimawonjezeka pakapita nthawi? (Zotsatira za Flynn)

Patapita nthawi, pamene kafukufuku wa IQ unkapitirira, sayansi inayamba kugwirizananso ndi lingaliro loyambirira la Binet: ndiko kuti,Luntha si chinthu chomwe chimachokera ku majini okha, ndi chinthu chomwe timaphunzira komanso chopangidwa ndi mbali zambiri.

Mu 1984, wofufuza wina dzina lake James Flynn anapeza zinthu zodabwitsa. Izi zikutanthauza kuti, chiwerengero cha anthu oganiza bwino padziko lonse lapansi chakhala chikukwera pang'onopang'ono m'zaka makumi angapo zapitazi. Izi zimatchedwa 'Flynn Effect'. Iye anati pali zifukwa zingapo zomwe zimapangitsa izi:

• Kupeza maphunziro abwino: Kupeza njira zabwino zophunzirira ndi mwayi wabwino kuposa kale.
• Kupeza chidziwitso mosavuta: Chifukwa cha zinthu monga intaneti , chidziwitso chilichonse chingapezeke nthawi yomweyo.
• Chitani ntchito zolimbikitsa kuganiza nthawi zonse: Ubongo wathu nthawi zonse umayesedwa kuti uthetse mavuto ovuta m'dziko lamakono.
• Thanzi labwino ndi zakudya zabwino: Zakudya zabwino komanso chisamaliro chaumoyo zimakhudza mwachindunji kukula kwa ubongo.

Izi zimatithandiza kumvetsetsa kuti nzeru zathu si chinthu chomwe chimaima chilili, koma chinthu chomwe chikukula ndi moyo wathu, maphunziro athu, komanso zakudya zathu.

Kodi nzeru ndi chinthu chimodzi chokha?

Ayi. Masiku ano, akatswiri a zamaganizo amakhulupirira kuti nzeru ndi chinthu chomwe chili ndi mbali zosiyanasiyana.

Tangoganizirani, anthu ena ali ndi luso lodabwitsa pa masamu. Wina ali ndi luso lodabwitsa losewera chida choimbira nyimbo. Wina ali ndi luso kwambiri pamasewera. Wina ali ndi luso lodabwitsa lomvetsetsa malingaliro a ena ndikuwagwiritsa ntchito. Zonsezi ndi mbali zosiyanasiyana za nzeru.

• Katswiri wa zamaganizo Howard Gardner anati kuwonjezera pa luso la chilankhulo ndi masamu, palinso mitundu pafupifupi 8 ya nzeru, monga nyimbo, thupi, ndi chikhalidwe.
• Katswiri wa zamaganizo Robert Sternberg anati nzeru zitha kugawidwa m'magulu atatu: kusanthula, kulenga, ndi kuchita zinthu zothandiza. Malinga ndi iye, nzeru zothandiza izi, kapena "chidziwitso cha dziko lonse" kapena "nzeru wamba," sizingayesedwe molondola ndi mayeso okhazikika a IQ. Komabe, nzeru zothandiza izi ndizofunikira kwambiri kuposa chigoli chachikhalidwe cha IQ poyesa kupambana kwa munthu pantchito.

Mitundu ya mayeso a IQ ndi momwe mungachitire

Pali mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya mayeso a IQ. Mayeso omwe mumachita amatha kusiyana malinga ndi zaka zanu, chikhalidwe chanu, komanso cholinga cha mayesowo. Ena amapangidwira ana, pomwe ena ndi a akuluakulu. Malo ena antchito amachitanso mayeso otere kuti amvetse momwe antchito amaganizira.

Kwenikweni, mayesowa amayesa mbali ziwiri za nzeru. Tiyeni timvetse izi ndi tebulo.

Ngati mukufuna kulemba mayeso a IQ, mutha kuchita izi motsogozedwa ndi katswiri wa zamaganizo. Mayeso apaintaneti nthawi zambiri amakhala ongosangalatsa ndipo sapereka zotsatira zolondola zasayansi. Gonani bwino usiku ndikudya chakudya cham'mawa chabwino musanayese mayeso. Kupatula apo, palibe zambiri zoti mukonzekere.

Kodi mayeso a IQ awa ndi olondola bwanji?

Papita zaka zoposa 100 kuchokera pamene mayeso oyamba a IQ adapangidwa, koma pakadali mkangano wambiri wokhudza kulondola kwake komanso kugwiritsa ntchito kwake. N'zomveka kuti poyamba idapangidwa ngati chida chophunzitsira ana, koma pambuyo pake idagwiritsidwa ntchito polemba anthu.

Ngakhale Flynn anamaliza ndi mawu akuti: “Mayeso a IQ sayeza luntha lokha, koma chinthu chomwe chimagwirizana pang'ono ndi luntha.” Tangoganizani, ngati luntha ndi kuphatikiza zinthu zambiri, monga nyimbo, masewera, luso, ndi kumvetsetsa zina, kodi mayeso amodzi angayese bwanji luntha lonselo?

Mwachitsanzo, ngati mwana ali ndi vuto la kuphunzira, dokotala kapena katswiri wa zamaganizo angamuyese mayeso ngati awa kuti adziwe chomwe chikuyambitsa vutoli.Ingagwiritsidwe ntchito ndi chitsogozo. Cholinga si kutchula mwana dzina, koma kumvetsetsa mphamvu ndi zofooka za mwanayo ndikumuthandiza.