Urashaka kumenya neza urugero rwa cholesterol yawe? Kuki ibi ari ingenzi kuri twe?

Twese twumva ijambo cholesterol kenshi. Hari igihe inshuti cyangwa umuvandimwe wacu avuga ati "Oh, cholesterol yanjye iri hejuru gato." Ushobora kuba warumvise umuganga avuga ati “Muganga ni we wabivuze.” None se, cholesterol ni iki mu by’ukuri? Kuki ari ingenzi ku mibiri yacu, kandi ni gute ishobora kuba akaga? Reka tubiganireho uyu munsi mu buryo bworoshye ushobora gusobanukirwa.

Kuki iki kintu cyitwa cholesterol ari ingenzi cyane?

Muri make, cholesterol ni ubwoko bw'ibinure mu mibiri yacu, cyangwa se ubwoko bwa lipide. Iyi cholesterol ifasha mu mirimo myinshi y'ingenzi mu mibiri yacu, nko kubaka uturemangingo no gukora imisemburo imwe n'imwe. Ariko, kimwe n'ibindi byose, ibibazo bivuka iyo bibaye byinshi mu mubiri.

Tekereza imiyoboro y'amaraso yacu nk'imiyoboro itwara amazi. Iyo urugero rwa cholesterol rwiyongereye, iyi cholesterol yiyongera igenda yiyongera buhoro buhoro mu nkuta z'imiyoboro y'amaraso yacu. Aho ngaho, irakomeza kwiyongera, uko igihe kigenda gihita, igakora urwego runini rwitwa "atherosclerotic plaque." Ibi nibyo abaganga bita "atherosclerosis."

Iyo ibi bisigazwa by’amaraso byibumbiye mu miyoboro y’amaraso, amaraso aratembera mu buryo butunguranye. Bimeze nk’umwanda ufata umuyoboro w’amazi. Ibi bishobora kuba bibi cyane. Indwara zishobora kubaho. Dore ingero nke:

• Indwara y'imitsi ijyana amaraso mu mutima: Ibi bibaho iyo imitsi ijyana amaraso mu mutima izibye. Ibi bibuza umutima kubona umwuka n'intungamubiri ukeneye.
• Indwara y'imitsi yo mu mpande: Iki ni cyo gihe imitsi ijyana amaraso ku maguru no ku maboko ifunganye.
• Indwara y'imitsi ifata imiyoboro ya carotide (` Indwara y'imitsi ya Carotid `: Ibi bishobora gutuma umutsi mukuru ujyana amaraso mu bwonko ufungana.

Kolesteroli ni ikintu kibi cyane!

Iki ni cyo kintu kibi cyane kuri cholesterol. Nubwo urugero rwa cholesterol yawe rwaba ruri hejuru cyane kandi ukaba waratangiye kwikubira mu mitsi yawe y'amaraso, akenshi nta bimenyetso wumva . Ni nk'umuntu urimo gupfuka intoki ze ku itapi, kandi mu ntangiriro nta rusaku cyangwa umuvuduko ugaragara.

Ariko, uko igihe kigenda gihita, iyo ibyo bisigazwa bibaye binini kandi imiyoboro y'amaraso igafunga, nk'urusaku rw'inkweto ndende ku gitereko cy'imbaho, ibibazo bishobora kuvuka mu buryo butunguranye. Ibi bivuze ko ushobora kutamenya ko cholesterol yawe iri hejuru kugeza igihe ugize indwara ikomeye, nko kurwara indwara y'umutima cyangwa indwara yo gucika kw'imitsi.

Tekereza, mu gihe cy'imyaka myinshi, umaze Nubwo urugero rwa cholesterol yawe rwaba ruri hejuru, ushobora kuba utabizi. Niyo mpamvu ari ngombwa cyane kwipimisha cholesterol yawe buri gihe . Niba umenye ko ufite cholesterol nyinshi (`Hyperlipidemia`), bishobora kuba ikimenyetso gikomeye kuri wowe no kwa muganga wawe.

Abantu benshi bafite cholesterol nyinshi, kandi ni ikintu gikomeye gishobora gutera indwara z'umutima. Ariko inkuru nziza ni uko utagomba kubaho iteka ryose ufite cholesterol nyinshi. Ushobora kuyihindura . Iyo umenye cholesterol nyinshi hakiri kare, uba ufite amahirwe menshi yo kugera ku rugero rwiza rwa cholesterol binyuze mu guhindura imibereho yawe n'imirire.

Reka turebe ubwoko bw'ibi bya cholesterol bigenzurwa.

Iyo ugiye kwa muganga, nibagusaba kugenzura urugero rwa cholesterol yawe, bazakora isuzuma ry'amaraso ryitwa `Lipid panel` cyangwa `Lipid profile`. Ibi bikubiyemo gufata amaraso make mu mitsi iri mu kuboko kwawe ukayohereza muri laboratwari. Mbere yo gukora iki kizamini, muganga azakubwira kwiyiriza ubusa amasaha agera kuri 12 (usibye amazi). Ugomba gukurikiza aya mabwiriza neza.

Hari ubwoko bwinshi bw'ingenzi bwa cholesterol bupimwa muri iki kizamini:

• Kolesteroli yose: Iyi ni ingano yose ya kolesteroli mu maraso yawe.
• LDL (Lipoporoteyine yo hasi): Iyi yitwa cholesterol "mbi" . Kuko ari yo yinjizwa mu mitsi y'amaraso ikagira uruhare mu gutera indwara z'umutima n'imitsi yo mu bwonko.
• HDL (High-Density Lipoprotein): Iyi yitwa cholesterol "nziza" kuko ifasha gukura cholesterol idakenewe mu mubiri.
• Triglycerides: Ubu ni ubundi bwoko bw'ibinure biboneka mu maraso. Iyo iki gipimo cyiyongereye, byongera ibyago byo kurwara indwara z'umutima na stroke.

Raporo yawe nigera, muganga wawe azagusobanurira. Ushobora no kuyireba kuri interineti. Cholesterol ipimwa mu bice byitwa `mg/dL` (miligarama kuri desilita imwe). Triglycerides zipimwa muri ubwo buryo.

None se, urugero rwiza rwa cholesterol rukwiye kuba rungana iki?

Igipimo cy’umusemburo mwiza wa cholesterol gishobora gutandukana gato bitewe n’umuntu ku wundi. Ibi bivuze ko gishobora gutandukana gato bitewe n’imyaka yawe, ubwoko bwawe, n’igitsina cyawe.

Muri rusange, ni byiza ku muntu mukuru ufite ubuzima bwiza kugira urugero rwa cholesterol muri ibi byiciro:

• Kolesteroli yose: Igipimo kiri munsi ya 200 mg/dL ni cyo cyiza kurusha ibindi.
• LDL (cholesterol mbi): Ni byiza kuyibika munsi ya 100 mg/dL. Ariko, niba ufite indwara y'umutima cyangwa ibintu byinshi bishobora gutera indwara y'umutima (urugero: diyabete, umuvuduko ukabije w'amaraso, kunywa itabi), muganga wawe ashobora kukugira inama yo kugabanya urugero rwa LDL yawe rukagera munsi ya 70 mg/dL.
• HDL (cholesterol nziza): Uko ibi bingana ni ko birushaho kuba byiza . Iyo iri hejuru ya 60 `mg/dL`, bifasha mu kurinda indwara z'umutima.
• Triglycerides: Intego ni ukubigumana munsi ya 150 mg/dL.

Igikuru ni uko urugero rwa LDL rwawe rugomba kugabanuka kandi urugero rwa HDL rwawe rugomba kwiyongera .

Hari itandukaniro rito hagati y’igitsina n’igitsina mu rugero rwa HDL. Abagore bakuru bagomba kugira urugero rwa HDL nibura 50 mg/dL. Abagabo bagomba kugira urugero rwa HDL nibura 40 mg/dL.

Rero, gereranya agaciro kari muri raporo yawe n'ibi byiciro bisanzwe. Ariko, ntuzigere ufata ibyemezo wenyine . Vugana na muganga wawe kandi wumve neza uburyo aya gaciro akoreshwa ku buzima bwawe.

Ni ku rugero rungana iki cholesterol "iba iri hejuru"?

Muri rusange, urugero rwa cholesterol yose rwa 200 mg/dL cyangwa irenga rufatwa nk'"ruri hejuru." Ariko, abaganga babigabanya mu bindi byiciro, nko "kuzamuka k'umuvuduko" (hagati ya 200 na 239 mg/dL). Ibi bikorwa kugira ngo harebwe niba guhindura imibereho bishobora gufasha kubigenzura mbere yo gutangira kuvurwa.

Urugero, urugero rwawe rwa LDL (cholesterol mbi):

• Iyo iri hagati ya 130-159 mg/dL, ishobora kugabanuka ikagera ku rugero rwo hejuru cyane.
• "Hejuru" iri hagati ya 160-189 mg/dL.
• Ikintu cyose kiri hejuru ya 190 mg/dL kiba "kiri hejuru cyane".

Niba biri kuri izi nzego, ugomba kuvugana na muganga kugira ngo ubone ubuvuzi n'inama bikenewe.

Ese urugero rwa cholesterol rushobora kugabanuka cyane cyangwa hejuru cyane?

Iki kandi ni ikibazo abantu benshi bibaza.

• Ku bijyanye n'urugero rw'ibinure bya cholesterol na LDL (cholesterol mbi) , uko biba biri hasi, ni ko biba byiza . Abashakashatsi batarabona urugero rw'ibinure bya cholesterol ya LDL ruvuga ngo "ntushobora kugabanuka kurusha ibi." Ibyo bivuze ko uko LDL yawe yaba iri hasi kose, ni byiza ku buzima bwawe.
• Ariko uko urugero rwa HDL (cholesterol nziza) ruri hejuru , ni ko rurushaho kuba rwiza. Nta mupaka uri hejuru uvuga ngo "ntibishobora kuzamuka birenze ibi".

Mu magambo make,Nta cyo ugomba guhangayikishwa nacyo niba LDL iri hasi cyane, kandi nta cyo ugomba guhangayikishwa nacyo niba HDL iri hejuru cyane – byombi ni ibimenyetso byiza!

Ni kangahe ugomba gupimwa cholesterol yawe?

Ibi kandi ni ibintu bitandukanye bitewe n'umuntu ku giti cye. Muganga wawe ni we ugomba kukubwira neza inshuro ugomba kwisuzumisha. Hari ibintu byinshi bigira ingaruka kuri ibi:

• Imyaka: Uko ugenda ukura, ugomba kwisuzumisha kenshi.
• Amateka y'umuryango: Niba umuntu wo mu muryango wawe wa hafi (mama, papa, abavandimwe bawe) afite indwara y'umutima, cholesterol nyinshi, indwara z'umutima, cyangwa indwara zo mu bwonko, nawe uri mu kaga gakomeye. Icyo gihe ugomba kwisuzumisha kenshi.
• Ibintu bishobora gutera indwara z'umutima: Niba usanzwe ufite indwara z'umutima, cyangwa niba ufite ibintu bishobora gutera indwara nka diyabete, umuvuduko ukabije w'amaraso, kunywa itabi, cyangwa umubyibuho ukabije, ugomba kwisuzumisha buri gihe.
• Igitsina: Abagabo muri rusange basabwa kujya kwisuzumisha buri gihe kuva bakiri bato.

Abana bakunze gupimwa cholesterol yabo bwa mbere hagati y’imyaka 9 na 11. Hanyuma, hafi buri myaka 5. Ariko, niba hari umuntu wo mu muryango wagize ibibazo bya cholesterol cyangwa indwara y’umutima akiri muto, muganga ashobora gusaba ko cholesterol y’umwana ipimwa akiri muto.

Inama rusange zihabwa abantu bakuru ni izi zikurikira:

• Niba uri umuntu ufite ubuzima bwiza uri hagati y'imyaka 20-39 , ugomba kwisuzumisha buri myaka 4-6.
• Nyuma y'imyaka 40-45 , ni byiza kwisuzumisha kenshi (wenda rimwe mu mwaka cyangwa ibiri), cyane cyane niba ufite ibintu bishobora gutera ibyago byavuzwe haruguru.
• Abagore , cyane cyane nyuma yo gucura, bagomba kwitondera cyane urugero rwa cholesterol mu mubiri wabo.

Ariko, ikintu cyiza cyo gukora ni ukuganira na muganga wawe ukamubaza inshuro ugomba kwisuzumisha, ibyo bikaba bikubereye.

Amaherezo, ibintu by'ingenzi cyane ugomba kwibuka (Ubutumwa bwo kujyana mu rugo)

Kumenya urugero rwa cholesterol yawe bishobora kugufasha gusobanukirwa ibyago byo kurwara indwara z'umutima. Ariko ibuka ko izi gaciro za cholesterol zivuga igice kimwe gusa cy'inkuru . Muganga wawe azareba n'ibindi bice by'ubuzima bwawe (nk'umuvuduko w'amaraso, urugero rw'isukari, ibiro, n'imibereho yawe) kugira ngo amenye ibyago byose ufite.

Rero, niba igipimo cya cholesterol yawe kiri hejuru y’urugero rusanzwe, ntugatinye ako kanya .

Vugana na muganga wawe kugira ngo wumve neza uburyo izo ndangagaciro zijyanye n'ubuzima bwawe muri rusange n'icyo ugomba gukora. Iyo bibaye ngombwa, guhindura imibereho yawe (indyo nziza, imyitozo ngororamubiri) ndetse wenda n'imiti bishobora gufasha kugarura urugero rwa cholesterol yawe ku rwego rwiza. Ikintu cy'ingenzi ni ugukomeza kwibanda kuri ibi no gukurikiza inama za muganga wawe.

"Kolesteroli, indwara z'umutima, kolesteroli ya LDL, kolesteroli ya HDL, triglycerides, isuzuma ry'amaraso, ubuzima bwiza