Ese hari ikibazo mu mikorere y'umutima wawe? Noneho reba umuhanga mu by'amashanyarazi!

Ese hari igihe wumva umutima wawe utera ku muvuduko utandukanye cyangwa mu buryo butandukanye? Ibi bintu bishobora guterwa n'impinduka mu mikorere y'amashanyarazi y'umutima. Ni bwo tuba dukeneye kubonana n'inzobere mu by'amashanyarazi , umuganga w'inzobere mu mikorere y'amashanyarazi y'umutima. Ese twavuga kuri ibi mu buryo burambuye?

None se uyu ni nde (Electrophysiologist)? Akora iki?

Mu magambo make, "Electrophysiologist" ni inzobere mu by'umutima ufite ubumenyi bwimbitse ku "buryo bw'amashanyarazi" bw'umutima wawe. Urabizi, umutima wacu utera kandi ugapompa amaraso mu mubiri wose bitewe n'ubu buryo bw'amashanyarazi. Ni nk' "umuyoboro w'amashanyarazi" uri mu nzu. Umutima ukora neza gusa iyo ibi bimenyetso by'amashanyarazi "ibimenyetso by'amashanyarazi" binyura mu mutima mu buryo bukwiye kandi buri ku murongo.

Ariko, rimwe na rimwe iyo hari ikibazo kuri izi bimenyetso by'amashanyarazi, nko kutagira umutima uhagaze neza (arrhythmia) , ushobora gukenera kubonana n'umuhanga mu by'amashanyarazi. Hanyuma ashobora gusuzuma neza ibiri mu mutima wawe no kuvura. Inzobere zivura ibibazo by'umutima mu bana bato, nk'impinja n'abana bato, zitwa abahanga mu by'amashanyarazi mu bana.

Rero, icyo uyu muganga (Electrophysiologist) akora ahanini ni ugusuzuma no kuvura ibibazo biri mu mutima wawe (systeme de conduction). Ni ukuvuga ko ashaka impamvu umutima wawe utera mu buryo butari bwo, impamvu ibimenyetso by'amashanyarazi biri mu mutima wawe bitagenda mu nzira isanzwe. Hari ubwoko bumwe na bumwe bwa `(Arrhythmia)`, butari bubi cyane, ahubwo ni ikibazo gito. Ariko bumwe muri bwo bushobora gushyira ubuzima mu kaga . `(Cardiac Electrophysiologist)` ashobora gutandukanya ibi byombi.

Bazamenya icyaguteye ikibazo cy'amashanyarazi n'aho gitangiriye. Iyo bamaze kumenya impamvu nyayo, bashobora kugivura. Urugero, hakoreshejwe uburyo bwo kuvura nka `(Catheter Ablation)`, ubuvuzi bugira ingaruka nziza ku kigero kirenga 90% . Kubera iyo mpamvu, abaganga ba `(Electrophysiologist)` bashoboye kunoza ubuzima bw'abantu benshi bavura.

Ni irihe tandukaniro riri hagati y'inzobere mu by'umutima n'inzobere mu by'amashanyarazi?

Iki ni ikibazo abantu benshi bahura nacyo. "Electrophysiologist" ni inzobere mu by'umutima yahuguwe byihariye . Inzobere mu by'umutima rusange ivura indwara zitandukanye ziba mu mutima. Ariko "Electrophysiologist" ni inzobere cyane mu by'amashanyarazi y'umutima, agenzura imivuduko y'umutima wawe.Ibi bivuze ko yinjiye cyane muri uru ruhando rw'ikoranabuhanga kandi akagira ubumenyi.

Ni ubuhe bwoko bw'indwara umuganga w'amashanyarazi avura?

Inzobere mu by'amashanyarazi ivura indwara zitandukanye z'umutima zijyanye n'umuvuduko w'umutima. Inyinshi muri izi ndwara zirimo umutima utera nabi cyangwa umutima utera vuba . Hari indwara zimwe zishobora kuba mbi kurusha izindi. Dore zimwe mu ndwara z'umutima utera:

• Gucika intege mu mutima : Muri iki kibazo, ibyumba byo hejuru by'umutima (atria) bisa nkaho bihinda aho gutera neza.
• Gutera kw'imitsi mu gice cy'imbere cy'umutima : Uku ni ugutera kwihuse kandi kudasanzwe muri icyo gice cy'imbere cy'umutima.
• Tachycardia y'umutima : Umutima wihuta utangirira muri atria.
• Umutima ufunga : Umutima utera cyane kuko ibimenyetso by'amashanyarazi biri mu mutima bitagenda neza.
• Indwara ya Wolff-Parkinson-White : Iyi ni indwara aho umutima uba ufite inzira y'amashanyarazi irenze iyo ukoresheje, ishobora gutuma umutima utera cyane.
• Gucika intege kw'imitsi yo mu miyoboro y'amaraso : Iyi ni indwara iteje akaga cyane. Utwuma two hasi (uturemangingo) tw'umutima turatitira tudakubita neza. Hakenewe ubuvuzi bwihuse.
• Tachycardia yo mu mitsi : Umutima utera vuba utangirira mu mitsi. Ibi nabyo bishobora guteza akaga.
• Tachycardia yo mu mutwe (SVT) : Itsinda ry'imitsi y'umutima yihuta itangirira hejuru y'imitsi y'amaraso.
• Kugabanuka k'umutima mbere y'igihe (PACs) : Intambwe y'inyongera, iturutse ku gice cy'umutima mbere y'igihe.
• Kugabanuka kw'imitsi yo mu nda itaragera (PVCs) : Intambwe y'inyongera, ituruka ku mitsi yo mu nda itaragera.
• Indwara ya Sinus Syndrome : Kugabanuka k'imikorere y'icyuma gipima umutima mu buryo busanzwe.
• Indwara ya Long QT Syndrome : Indwara mbi zo mu mutima zishobora kubaho bitewe n'uko amashanyarazi y'umutima atwara igihe kirekire cyane kugira ngo asubire ku murongo.

Ni iyihe mpamvu yo koherezwa kwa Electrophysiologist?

Niba umuganga wawe akeka ko hari ikibazo mu buryo bw'amashanyarazi bw'umutima wawe, ashobora kukwohereza kwa muganga w'inzobere mu by'amashanyarazi. Urugero, niba umutima wawe utera cyane kuruta uko bisanzwe, cyangwa wihuta cyane, cyangwa niba utera nabi.Ushobora kuba ugiye kubonana na "Cardiac Electrophysiologist". Tekereza nawe, hari igihe wumva igituza cyawe kirimo gutera, cyangwa ukumva uzunguza umutwe, cyangwa ukumva utakaje ubwenge. Ibi bintu bishobora guterwa n'ikibazo cy'umutima wawe.

Ni ubuhe bwoko bw'ibizamini umuhanga mu by'amashanyarazi akora?

Inzobere mu by'amashanyarazi (electrophysiology) ishobora gukora ibizamini bitandukanye kugira ngo igufashe kumenya icyateye ikibazo cyawe. Bimwe muri ibyo bizamini birimo gufata umurongo w'imitsi, ibindi birimo no gufata amashusho y'umutima. Ibyinshi muri ibi bizamini ntibibasira umubiri . Bimwe bishobora gusaba ko kanula nto (IV) ishyirwa mu mitsi iri mu kuboko kwawe. Bimwe muri ibyo bizamini birimo:

• Inyigo ya Electrophysiology (EPS) : Ibi bikubiyemo gushyira insinga nto (catheters) mu mutima kugira ngo harebwe imikorere y'amashanyarazi y'umutima mu buryo bwimbitse.
• Ikizamini cyo Kureba Ameza Aherekeza : Ibi bikorwa kugira ngo harebwe niba wumva ufite intege nke iyo uhagaze.
• Electrocardiogram (ECG/EKG) : Ikizamini cyoroshye cyandika imikorere y'amashanyarazi y'umutima.
• Holter Monitor : Agakoresho gato gashobora gufata amajwi y'umutima wawe mu gihe cy'amasaha 24 cyangwa 48.
• Igenzura ry'ibyabaye : Igikoresho kigufasha gufata amajwi igihe ufite ibimenyetso. Iki gikoresho kigomba gukoreshwa mu minsi mike cyangwa ibyumweru bike.
• Echocardiogram ya Transthoracic (TTE) : Isuzuma ry'umutima rya ultrasound.
• Echocardiogram ya Transesophageal Echocardiogram (TEE) : Iki nacyo ni ikizamini cya echo, ariko muri iki kizamini, umuyoboro muto unyura mu mwobo kugira ngo haboneke amashusho asobanutse y'umutima.
• Isuzuma rya CT (CT Scan) : Isuzuma rya CT rishobora gutanga amashusho arambuye y'umutima.
• MRI y'umutima : Gufata amashusho y'umutima hakoreshejwe icyuma gipima imirasire ya magnetic.

Ni ryari nkwiye kubonana na electrophysiologist?

Ni byiza kujya kwa muganga w’indwara z’umutima (cardiac electrophysiologist) niba ufite ibimenyetso bikurikira:

• Guhumeka nabi
• Kubabara mu gatuza
• Umutima utera cyane - Ibi bivuze ko ushobora kumva igituza cyawe gitera, rimwe na rimwe mu buryo budasanzwe.

Tekereza, nubwo waba uhagaze gusa, wumva ufite ikibazo cyo guhumeka, igituza cyawe kikugoye, cyangwa umutima wawe utangira gutera cyane. Mu bihe nk'ibi, ugomba gushaka inama kwa muganga.

Ibibazo byinshi by’umutima bifite ibimenyetso bisa, bityo ubuhanga bw’umuhanga mu by’amashanyarazi ni ingenzi kugira ngo umenye neza ubwoko bw’umutima utari wo.

Ese ukeneye koherezwa kugira ngo ubone umuhanga mu by'amashanyarazi?

Birashoboka cyane, yego. Ushobora gukenera koherezwa kugira ngo ubone umuhanga mu by'amashanyarazi. Nubwo ikigo cyawe cy'ubwishingizi gishobora kudasaba koherezwa, muganga w'umuryango wawe cyangwa undi muntu w'inzobere akenshi azakujyana kwa umuhanga mu by'amashanyarazi niba bakeka ko ufite ikibazo cy'umutima.

Ni iki wakwitega iyo ugiye kubonana n'umuhanga mu by'amashanyarazi?

Ubwa mbere, umuhanga mu by'amashanyarazi azabaza amateka y'ubuzima bwawe kandi akakubwira ibimenyetso byawe ubu. Bazakenera urutonde rw'imiti yose urimo gufata, harimo n'imiti igurishwa mu kigo. Umunyamwuga mu by'amashanyarazi mu mutima ashobora gukora ikizamini cyihuse, nka ECG, ako kanya, cyangwa akakohereza mu rugo afite igikoresho, nk'icyuma gipima uko umutima wawe uhagaze, gifata amajwi y'umutima wawe mu minsi myinshi.

Niba waramaze gukora ibi bizamini, inzobere mu by'amashanyarazi ishobora gukora ibindi bizamini kugira ngo igufashe gusuzuma. Nyuma yo gusuzuma, inzobere mu by'amashanyarazi ishobora gutangira kuvurwa. Hari igihe ubuvuzi bushobora gutangwa kuri gahunda imwe. Ubuvuzi bushobora kuba burimo imiti cyangwa gushyiramo igikoresho.

Ni gute abaganga bavura ibibazo by'umutima?

Inzobere mu by'amashanyarazi irashobora gusuzuma ikibazo cyawe ikagushakira uburyo bwiza bwo kuvura. Bishobora kuba byoroshye nko gutangira umuti mushya. Abandi bashobora gukenera igikoresho kugira ngo gifashe umutima wabo gukomeza gutera neza. Dore bumwe mu buryo bw'ingenzi bwo kuvura:

• Imiti : Iyi ushobora kuyihabwa buri munsi, cyangwa kuyihabwa mu mitsi (IV) mu gihe cy’impanuka.
• Imashini zikora pacemakers : Izi zikoresha amashanyarazi kugira ngo zikosore ikibazo kiri mu mikorere y'amashanyarazi y'umutima. Zikunze gukoreshwa ku bantu bafite umutima utera nabi.
• Imashini zigabanya ububabare bw'umutima ziterwa mu mubiri (ICDs) : Izi zifasha guhagarika indwara ziterwa n'umuriro w'amaraso mu mutima wawe iyo uzikeneye.
• Gutera umutima mu buryo bw'amashanyarazi : Ibi bikubiyemo gutera umutima wawe amashanyarazi ukoresheje igikoresho cyo hanze kugira ngo wongere umuvuduko w'umutima wawe uko umeze.
• Kugabanya Catheter: Muri ibi, umuganga akora inkovu nto mu nzira aho ibimenyetso by'amashanyarazi bidasobanutse binyura mu mutima. Ibi bihagarika ibimenyetso bidasobanutse kandi bigahagarika imivuduko idasanzwe y'umutima. Ubu ni uburyo bwiza cyane bwo kuvura.

Ni ubuhe bwoko bw'amahugurwa umuganga w'amashanyarazi afite?

Ibi kandi ni byiza kubimenya. "Electrophysiologist" ni inzobere yabigize umwuga . Nyuma y'amashuri y'ubuganga, bakora amasomo yo kwiga "Ubuvuzi bw'imbere rusange". Hanyuma bakora amasomo yo kwiga "Indwara z'umutima", hanyuma bagakora andi masomo y'umwaka umwe cyangwa ibiri yihariye muri "Clinical Cardiac Electrophysiology." None se urabona ukuntu bitangiye kuba inzobere muri uru rwego? Bityo ushobora kubwizera.

Abaganga b'abahanga mu by'amashanyarazi bakorera he?

Abaganga b'imitsi bakora mu buryo bwigenga hamwe n'abandi baganga b'imitsi. Bakora no mu bitaro. Laboratwari yihariye aho bakorera ibizamini yitwa laboratwari ya electrophysiology cyangwa laboratwari ya EP. Rimwe na rimwe yitwa laboratwari ya catheterization cyangwa laboratwari ya Cath.

Hanyuma, hari ibintu bike ugomba kwibuka

Niba ukunze gucika intege, kubabara mu gatuza, cyangwa kubura umwuka, ushobora gushaka kubonana n'inzobere mu by'amashanyarazi kugira ngo amenye icyabitera. Niba utazi neza ikizamini cyangwa uburyo bazagukorera, ntutinye kubaza ibibazo . Muganga azagusobanurira byose.

Wibuke ko kubonana n'inzobere bishobora kuba ari uburambe bushya kuri wewe. Ariko abaganga ba "Electrophysiologist" ni inzobere mu gusobanukirwa no kuvura ibibazo by'umutima. Bityo ushobora kubizeza ko bakwitaho mu buzima bw'umutima wawe. Ntugahangayike, indwara nyinshi muri izi zishobora kugenzurwa no kuvurwa neza.

` Umuti w'umutima, umuhanga mu by'amashanyarazi, umutima, indwara z'umutima, pacemaker, catheter ablation, ECG, sisitemu y'amashanyarazi y'umutima, arrhythmia, inzobere mu by'umutima