Ese twavuga ku buhanga bwawe bwo gukoresha imiyoboro y'umubiri?

Ese wigeze wibaza uburyo amaboko yacu akora imirimo mito dukora buri munsi mu buryo bworoshye kandi bunoze, nko gukanda buto, kwandika n'ikaramu, cyangwa gufata igikombe cya kawa? Ibi ni byo twita ubuhanga bwo gukora imiyoboro myiza, cyangwa mu Cyongereza `( Fine Motor Skills )` . Uyu munsi rero turabivugaho mu buryo burambuye. Reka turebe akamaro kabyo ku buzima bwacu, uko bikura, n'ibibazo bishobora kubigiraho ingaruka.

Ubu buhanga bwo gukoresha imiyoboro myiza ni ubuhe?

Mu magambo make, ubuhanga bwo gukora imitsi ni bwo buryo buto cyane kandi bunoze dukora dukoresheje amaboko yacu, intoki, ndetse rimwe na rimwe n'ibirenge n'amano. Kugira ngo tubikore neza, dukeneye guhuza neza imitsi yacu, ingingo zacu n'imitsi .

Iyo tuvuze ku "Ubuhanga mu Gukoresha Ingufu z'Imiyoboro y'Ingufu", dukunze gutekereza ku bintu dukora n'amaboko yacu, amaboko n'intoki. Nk'iyo ukoresheje urutoki rwawe rw'icyitegererezo n'igikumwe kugira ngo ufate ikintu gito. Ariko, wari uzi ko dushobora no gukora izi ngendo nziza dukoresheje ibirenge byacu, uturenge n'amano. Ibi ni ingenzi cyane ku mikino nko kubyina no gukina umupira w'amaguru. Hari n'igihe abantu bamwe bakoresha ibirenge byabo aho gukoresha amaboko yabo.

Uku gutunganya neza uburyo bwo kugenzura moteri ni igikorwa kigoye cyane. Bisaba ibi bikurikira:

• Ubumenyi n'igenamigambi: Ubushobozi bwo gutekereza ku bigomba gukorwa n'uko byakorwa.
• Guhuza ibikorwa: Ubwonko, imitsi, n'imitsi bikorana.
• Imbaraga z'imitsi : Ingufu zisabwa kugira ngo umuntu agire aho anyura.
• Ibyumviro bisanzwe: Kugira ibyiyumvo bisanzwe mu biganza, intoki (cyangwa ibirenge, amano).
• Ubuhanga: Ubushobozi bwo gukora akazi neza kandi neza.

Ibibazo kuri ubu buhanga bishobora kubaho mu myaka iyo ari yo yose. Ariko, iyo abaganga bacu n'abakozi bo mu rwego rw'ubuzima bavuga ku mikurire y'umwana, bita cyane kuri ubu buhanga bwiza bwo mu mikurire. Uko umwana agenda akura uko igihe kigenda gihita, ibice bine byose bigize imikurire ye birakura: imiterere y'umubiri, ubwenge, ururimi, n'imibanire n'amarangamutima. Ubu buhanga bwiza bwo mu mikurire bukubiye mu cyiciro cy'imikurire y'umubiri .

Abaganga babisuzuma neza kuko iyo habayeho gutinda gukomeye mu iterambere ry'ubu buhanga, bishobora kuba ikimenyetso cy'indwara zitandukanye z'imitsi cyangwa indwara z'umubiri. Rero, uko iki kibazo kimenyekanye vuba, ni ko ushobora kubona ubufasha umwana wawe akeneye vuba.

Kuki ubu buhanga bwo gukoresha imiyoboro y'umubiri ari ingenzi cyane kuri twe?

Tekereza uko ubuzima bwaba bumeze iyo twe, nk'abantu, tutagira ubwo bumenyi bwiza bw'imikorere y'umubiri.

Izi ngendo nto kandi zoroshye ni ingenzi mu mirimo myinshi dukora buri munsi. Kuva mu koza amenyo mu gitondo, guteka no kurya, no kwambara, ubu buhanga burakenewe. Bukoreshwa mu kohereza ubutumwa bugufi kuri telefoni yawe, gukurura imbwa yawe mu nda. Ibi byose ni ingenzi ku bwigenge bwacu no kwiyitaho . Binadufasha kwishimira ibintu dukunda nko gucuranga ibikoresho bya muzika, gukina imikino ya videwo , no gukora ubukorikori.

Ku mwana , ubu buhanga bwo gukoresha imiyoboro y'umubiri ni ingenzi cyane mu kazi ko ku ishuri, nko gushushanya no kwandika. Si ibyo gusa, ahubwo n'ubu buhanga bwo gukoresha imiyoboro y'umubiri ni ingenzi no mu mirimo myinshi , nko gukoresha ibikoresho mu mirimo ijyanye n'ubwubatsi, gukoresha mudasobwa, no kubaga.

Reka turebe ingero zimwe na zimwe zo mu buzima bwa buri munsi?

Dore bumwe mu buryo ubuhanga bwo gukoresha imiyoboro myiza bukoreshwa:

• Gufata ikaramu no kwandika, gushushanya.
• Gukoresha imikasi.
• Imyenda irazingira.
• Kwandika kuri clavier.
• Gushyiramo akabuto.
• Gukurura zipu.
• Guhambira imigozi y'inkweto.
• Guhindura ikirahuri cy'urugi.
• Kurya ibiryo ukoresheje ibintu nk'ikiyiko n'ikanya.
• Gukina imikino ya videwo ukoresheje akamashini gakoresha ikoranabuhanga.
• Gucuranga igikoresho cya muzika nka gitari, umwirongi, cyangwa piyano.

Tekereza ukuntu ubuzima bwa buri munsi bwaba bugoye uramutse udashobora gukora kimwe muri ibi bintu neza. Niyo mpamvu ubu buhanga ari ubw'agaciro gakomeye.

Uburyo ubwo bushobozi bukura mu bana bato (intambwe z'iterambere)

Intambwe z'iterambere ry'umwana ni imyitwarire n'ubushobozi umwana asanzwe agaragaza mu myaka runaka uko agenda akura. Ni ngombwa kwibuka ko atari abana bose bakura ku rugero rumwe. Ariko, abana benshi bahura n'izi mpinduka hafi mu gihe kimwe uko bagenda bakura.

Ingero zimwe na zimwe (ariko ntizigarukira gusa kuri) z'ubuhanga bwo gukoresha imitsi neza bugaragara mu mpinja n'abana bato zirimo:

• Uruhinja ruvutse: rugerageza gufata ikintu n'ukuboko kwarwo (iki ni igisubizo kidaturutse ku bushake cyitwa 'grasp reflex').
• Hagati y'amezi 3-6: Ahuza amaboko, agerageza gufata igikinisho.
• Hagati y'amezi 6-9: Yimura ibintu kuva mu kuboko kumwe ujya mu kundi, agatangira gufata ibintu bito akoresheje intoki (pincer grasp).
• Hagati y'amezi 9-12: Afata uduce duto tw'ibiryo akoresheje intoki maze akagerageza kwegeranya uduce duto hejuru y'utundi.
• Hagati y'umwaka 1-2: Afata ikaramu cyangwa ikaramu, agashushanya imirongo, agahindura impapuro z'igitabo.
• Hagati y'imyaka 2-3:Kugerageza gukata n'imikasi (ubifashijwemo), kugerageza gushyiraho utubuto tunini.
• Hagati y'imyaka 3-4: Ashushanya kandi agashushanya imiterere yoroshye nk'impandeshatu.
• Hagati y'imyaka 4-5: Ashobora kwandika izina rye bwite, agakata neza n'imikasi, kandi akagerageza gupfunyika imishumi y'inkweto.

Ubu bumenyi bw'imitsi bukomeza kwiyongera no gukomera nubwo iyo myaka igera ku myaka itaragera. Icy'ingenzi ni ukumenya ko buri mwana akura ku muvuduko we. Niba ufite impungenge ku bushobozi bw'umwana wawe, vugana na muganga we.

Ni gute ubwo bumenyi bwiza bwo gukoresha imiyoboro y'umubiri butezwa imbere?

Ubu "Buhanga mu Gukoresha Imiyoboro Migari" butangira gukura kuva tuvutse. Urugero, abana bavuka bafite "ubuhanga bwo gufata" (grasp reflex). Iyo ukoresheje urutoki rwawe ku kuboko k'umwana, akenshi arambura ukuboko agafata urutoki rwawe. Ubu ni bumwe mu buhanga bwa mbere bwo gukoresha imiyoboro migari bugaragara.

Uko umwana akura, izi ngendo nto zikomeza gukura - kugeza akuze. Uko igihe kigenda gihita, imitsi y'umwana wawe irakomera, kandi ikagira ubushobozi bwo guhuza ibintu neza kugira ngo akore ingendo zinoze.

Ndetse n'abantu bakuru bashobora kunoza ubuhanga bwabo bwo gukora imitsi. Urugero, abazamuka amabuye bakora imyitozo yo kumanika mu myenge mito iri mu mabuye kugira ngo bongere imbaraga zo gufata. Abaganga bakora imyitozo yo gukora imyitozo ngororamubiri kugira ngo bakore neza, mu buryo buhamye kandi bunoze.

Nanone, hari uburyo bwo gufasha umwana wawe kwitoza ubu buhanga bwo gukoresha imiyoboro ye neza.

Ni ibihe bikorwa bishobora guteza imbere ubwo bushobozi mu bana bato?

Dore bimwe mu bikorwa ushobora gukora kugira ngo ufashe umwana wawe cyangwa umwana wawe gukuza ubushobozi bwo gukora imiyoboro ye:

• Kubareka bakinisha Play-Doh cyangwa ibumba: Gukanda, kuzunguruka, no gushushanya bakoresheje amaboko yabo bikomeza imitsi yo mu ntoki zabo.
• Kubareka bagashyira amasaro manini: Ibi binongerera ubushobozi bwo guhuza intoki n'amaso.
• Gukina n'ibikinisho nka 'Blocks' cyangwa 'Lego': Ibi bisaba gukora buhoro buhoro iyo ubishyize hamwe kandi ukabigabanya.
• Gushushanya no gusiga irangi: Abana biga gufata no kugenzura ibintu nk'amakaramu, amakaramu, n'amabara y'amazi.
• Kubareka bakate impapuro bakoresheje imikasi: Ubwa mbere, bareke bafate imirongo yoroshye, hanyuma ushobora kwitoza guca imiterere igoye (ugomba no gutekereza ku mutekano).
• Kubareka bagashyiraho icyitegererezo: Gufata ibice bito no kubishyira ahantu hakwiye bisaba kugenzura neza.
• Kubareka bakinisha amazi: Gusuka amazi mu gikombe kimwe ukayashyira mu kindi cyangwa gukanda ipamba bikoresha imitsi iri mu biganza byabo.
• Gufasha no kwitoza gushyira ibifungo ku myenda, gushyiramo zipu, no gufunga imishumi y'inkweto.
• Kubona ubufasha mu gihe cyo guteka: ibintu nko koza imboga, gukaranga ifu, nibindi.

Ni ibihe bintu bishobora kugira ingaruka kuri ubu buhanga bwo gukoresha imiyoboro myiza y'umubiri?

Iyo hari ikibazo kuri kimwe muri ibi bice by'umubiri wacu, gishobora kugira ingaruka ku bushobozi bwo gukora imiyoboro y'umubiri:

• Ubwonko
• Uruti rw'umugongo
• Imitsi yo mu bwonko n'umugongo (imitsi isohoka mu bwonko no mu ruti rw'umugongo)
• Imitsi
• Ingingo z'amaboko n'ibirenge
• Amagufwa y'amaboko n'ibirenge

Kubera iyo mpamvu, indwara amagana zishobora kubangamira ubwo bushobozi bwo gukora imitsi. Izi ndwara zishobora kuva ku nto kugeza ku zikomeye. Urugero, bishobora gufata igihe kirekire kandi imbaraga nyinshi kuruta uko bisanzwe gukanda buto, cyangwa bishobora kudashoboka gukora icyo gikorwa na gato.

Zimwe muri izi ndwara zishobora kuvurwa cyangwa gukemurwa , mu gihe izindi zishobora gutera ubumuga buhoraho mu mikorere y'umubiri.

Ibintu bishobora kugira ingaruka ku bushobozi bw'abana bwo gukoresha imitsi harimo (ariko ntibigarukira kuri):

• Indwara ya Autism Spectrum
• Indwara yo mu bwonko itera indwara ya cerebral palsy
• Gutinda mu iterambere
• Indwara ya Down Syndrome
• Ingorane zo kwandika (`Dysgraphia`)
• Indwara yo guhuza ibikorwa by'iterambere
• Hydrocephalus
• Indwara yo Gutunganya Ibitekerezo (indwara igira ingaruka ku buryo ubwonko bukora ku byiyumvo nko gukorakora, kubona, kumva, guhumurirwa no kuryoherwa)
• Spina Bifida

Ibintu bishobora kugira ingaruka ku bushobozi bwo gukoresha imiyoboro y'umubiri mu bana no ku bakuru birimo:

• Indwara z'uturemangingo
• Ikibyimba cyo mu bwonko
• Kurwara kw'imitsi
• Indwara ya Rumatizime y'abana
• Ibikomere ku mitsi, imitsi, ingingo n'amagufwa, urugero, imvune yo mu gice cy'imbere cy'umutima
• Gucika intege (mbere, mu gihe cyo kubyara cyangwa nyuma yo kubyara)
• Ihungabana ry'ubwonko

Ibintu bishobora kugira ingaruka ku bushobozi bwo gukoresha imiyoboro myiza y'umubiri ku bantu bakuru:

• Indwara ya rubagimpande yo mu ngingo z'intoki, amaboko, uturenge, cyangwa amano
• Indwara ya Carpal Tunnel
• Sclerosis nyinshi (MS)
• Indwara yo mu mutwe (Dementia)
• Indwara ya Huntington
• Indwara ya Parkinson
• Indwara y'imitsi yo mu biganza n'amaguru igira ingaruka ku maboko cyangwa ku birenge

Ni gute tworoshya imirimo ya buri munsi mu ngorane nk'izo?

Kubona ko wowe cyangwa umwana wawe mufite ikibazo cyo kugira ubushobozi bwo gukoresha imiyoboro myiza y'umubiri bishobora kuba bigoye mu ntangiriro. Ariko, mu gihe gito cyane, bishobora kuba bigoye.Inkuru nziza ni uko hari uburyo bwinshi bwo guhindura cyangwa guhindura imirimo n'ibikorwa bya buri munsi kugira ngo byorohe gukora.

Ushobora kubona ubufasha bw'umuvuzi w'akazi kuri ibi. Umuvuzi w'akazi ni umukozi w'ubuzima ufasha abantu b'ingeri zose kunoza ubushobozi bwabo bwo gukora imirimo ya buri munsi. Bazakwereka uburyo bwo gukoresha ibikoresho cyangwa uburyo butandukanye kugira ngo winjire mu bikorwa byawe mu mutekano. Umuvuzi ashobora kukwigisha imyitozo n'uburyo bwo gukoresha ibintu bitandukanye. Ku bana, ibi bishobora kuba birimo gukina n'ibikinisho no gukoresha ibikoresho by'ishuri. Ubuvuzi bw'akazi bufasha abantu kubaho mu bwisanzure uko bishoboka kose. Baguha ibitekerezo, imyitozo, n'ibikoresho byo gukoresha mu rugo.

Ingero zimwe na zimwe z'uburyo bwo guhindura imiterere y'umubiri:

• Gutuza: Gutuma igikinisho cyangwa ikintu kirushaho gukomera mu gihe umuntu arimo kugikoresha. Ushobora gukoresha Velcro®, ibikombe byo gukurura, udukoresho two gukurura, cyangwa rukuruzi kugira ngo urinde ibikinisho cyangwa ibintu kuzenguruka byoroshye, no kubigumana mu mwanya wabyo mu gihe umwana wawe arimo kugikoresha.
• Kwagura cyangwa kongera: Kongera ikintu ku gikinisho cyangwa ikintu kugira ngo byoroshye gufata cyangwa gukoresha. Urugero, ushobora kongeramo "agakoresho k'ikaramu" kanini kugira ngo byoroshye gufata ikaramu. Cyangwa ushobora kongeramo "udupfundo" kugira ngo byoroshye gukoresha ibice bya puzzle.
• Koroshya: Kugabanya intambwe zikenewe kugira ngo urangize akazi. Urugero, umwana wawe ashobora gusimbuza inkweto zifata imishumi n'imishumi ya Velcro, ibyo bigatuma byoroha kwambara. Imyenda irambaraye ishobora koroha kwambara no gukuramo kuruta imyenda ifite zipu cyangwa utubuto. Kunywa ku gahu bishobora koroha kuruta gufata igikombe ukagiterura ukagishyira mu kanwa.

Hariho kandi ubwoko butandukanye bw'ibikoresho byo kwihutisha imikorere . Urugero, agakoresho gafata utubuto kagufasha gufata utubuto udakoresheje intoki zawe (ufata akabuto ku mukingo). Hariho kandi ubwoko butandukanye bw'ibikoresho byo kuriramo byagenewe kugufasha kurya wenyine.

Ni ryari ukwiye kujya kwa muganga?

Niba ufite impungenge ko umwana wawe adashoboye kugera ku ntego ze nziza zo gukoresha imiyoboro y'umubiri, vugana na muganga w'abana w'umwana wawe. Ashobora kukubaza ibibazo bijyanye n'impungenge zawe no gukora ibizamini bibaye ngombwa. Ushobora kandi kuvugana n'ishuri ry'umwana wawe kugira ngo rigusuzume.

Niba ubonye ko ubushobozi bwawe cyangwa bw'umwana wawe bugabanuka , cyane cyane iyo ubwo bugabanuke bubaye mu buryo butunguranye, gana muganga vuba bishoboka. Ibi bishobora kuba ikimenyetso cy'indwara ikomeye.

Dore rero bimwe mu bintu by'ingenzi ugomba kwibuka mu byo twavuze:

Rero, urashobora kubona akamaro k'utu tuntu duto twitwa ubuhanga bwo gufata imitsi mu mubiri mu buzima bwacu. Ibi bikura kuva tuvutse kugeza tugeze mu bantu bakuru. Ku bana bato, gushakisha ibidukikije bibafasha guteza imbere ubwo bumenyi. Kandi ushobora no gushyigikira iterambere ryabo binyuze mu bikorwa twavuze mbere.

Wibuke ko buri mwana atandukanye. Akura ku muvuduko we. Rero, ntukigereranye n'abandi bitari ngombwa.

Niba ufite gushidikanya cyangwa impungenge ku bushobozi bw'umwana wawe, ntugatinye kubibwira muganga. Kubera ko hari indwara zitandukanye zishobora kugira ingaruka kuri izi ngendo nziza, uko zimenyekana kare, ni ko biba byiza kurushaho. Iyo bibaye ngombwa, ushobora kubona ubufasha bwinshi bwo guhangana n'izi ngorane no koroshya imirimo ya buri munsi binyuze mu bintu nk'ubuvuzi bw'akazi.

Ubuhanga mu mikorere y'umubiri, Imikurire y'Umwana, Ubuhanga mu Maboko, Gukoresha intoki, Intambwe z'Iterambere, Ubuvuzi bw'Imirimo