Ese nawe waba waratwawe n'ibi? Reka tuvuge ku bijyanye no kuba waratwawe n'ibiyobyabwenge!

Hari igihe twumva tuti “Oh, sinshobora kubyikuramo,” sibyo? Bishobora kuba ingeso mbi, cyangwa bikaba ikintu cyimbitse, ubusinzi. Uyu munsi tugiye kuvuga ku byo ari byo mu by’ukuri, impamvu bibaho, n’uko twabivamo. Iyi ni ingingo igoye, ariko reka tugerageze kubikora byoroshye.

Ubusinzi ni iki mu by'ukuri?

Mu magambo make, kuba umuntu akunda ibiyobyabwenge ni ukwihambira cyane ku kintu runaka cyangwa igikorwa runaka, kandi umuntu agakomeza kubikora nta bushobozi afite, nubwo azi ko bizagira ingaruka mbi. Ni indwara idakira ishobora kugira ingaruka ku buzima bwe bwose . Tekereza nawe, hari abantu bazi ko ibyo bakora ari bibi kandi ko biri kwiyangiza no kwangiza abandi, ariko ntibashobora kubireka ngo bagire ibibazo bikomeye. Kuba umuntu akunda ibiyobyabwenge bishobora kugira ingaruka zikomeye ku buzima bwawe, imibanire yawe n'umuryango wawe, akazi, ndetse n'ibindi byose mu buzima bwawe. Kubwibyo, ni ngombwa cyane gushaka ubufasha ukimara kubona ibimenyetso by'ubusinzi.

Ese iyi ni indwara?

Yego, ubusinzi ni indwara, ni indwara . Nk’uko bivugwa n’Umuryango w’Abanyamerika w’Ubuvuzi bw’Ibiyobyabwenge (ASAM), ubusinzi ni indwara idakira yo mu bwonko. Ntabwo ari ingaruka zo kubura ubushake cyangwa gufata ibyemezo bibi. Ubusinzi buhindura imikorere y’ubwonko bwawe . Ni nk’izindi ndwara zidakira, nka diyabete cyangwa indwara z’umutima.

Ni ubuhe bwoko bw'ingenzi bw'ibiyobyabwenge?

Hari ubwoko bubiri bw'ingenzi bw'ibiyobyabwenge: 1. Gutwarwa n'ibiyobyabwenge (abaganga banabyita "Indwara zo Gukoresha Ibiyobyabwenge"). 2. Gutwarwa n'ibitari ibintu, ni ukuvuga ibikorwa bimwe na bimwe ("Ibiyobyabwenge by'imyitwarire").

Ibiyobyabwenge biyobyabwenge

Abaganga n'umuryango w'abaganga ubu bita indwara ziterwa n'ibiyobyabwenge "Indwara zo Gukoresha Ibiyobyabwenge." "DSM-5" y'Ishyirahamwe ry'Abanyamerika ryita ku ndwara zo mu mutwe, ifite ibipimo bisobanutse byo gusuzuma "Indwara zo Gukoresha Ibiyobyabwenge." Ibi bintu ni ibiyobyabwenge bishobora kuba imbata. Ibi bishobora kuba imiti yanditswe na muganga cyangwa imiti itemewe n'amategeko. Reka turebe ingero nke:

• Inzoga .
• Kafeyine - Yego, hari abantu babaswe na kafeyine iboneka mu ikawa n'icyayi.
• Urumogi/Marijuana.
• Ibiyobyabwenge byo mu mutwe (Hallucinogens) - Ingero zirimo PCP na LSD.
• Imiti igabanya ububabare, imiti igabanya ububabare n'imiti igabanya ububabare - imiti ihabwa abantu bafite ikibazo cyo gusinzira, nka benzodiazepines na barbiturates.
• Ibikoresho bihumeka - nk'ibigabanya irangi, spray, imyuka imwe, na nitrites (ibinyabutabire).
• Ubwoko bwa `(Opioide)` bufatwa hakoreshejwe cyangwa nta muganga wanditse -Imiti igabanya ububabare nka Codeine, Oxycodone , na Heroin.
• Imiti itera imbaraga, yaba ifatwa na muganga cyangwa ntayo - nka Adderall ®, kokayine, na methamphetamine (izwi kandi ku izina rya barafu).
• Itabi / Nikotine - Kunywa itabi , gukoresha itabi ry'ikoranabuhanga (itabi rya elegitoroniki cyangwa vaping ).

Nubwo ibi bintu bitandukanye cyane, byose bikora mu gukangura cyane ikigo cy’ingororano mu bwonko bwawe, bikaguha ibyishimo n’ibyishimo. Indwara zo gukoresha ibiyobyabwenge zishobora kuvuka iyo ukoresheje ibi bintu - ariko si buri wese ubikora. Ibi bintu bishobora kuba byoroheje, biri hagati cyangwa bikomeye. Ubusinzi ni bwo bwoko bukomeye cyane bw’indwara yo gukoresha ibiyobyabwenge.

Ibiyobyabwenge mu myitwarire

Ubusinzi mu myitwarire bushobora kubaho ku gikorwa icyo ari cyo cyose gikangura ikigo cy’ubwonko bwawe cy’ibyishimo. Abahanga mu by’imyitwarire baracyakora ubushakashatsi ku bisa n’itandukaniro riri hagati y’ubusinzi mu biyobyabwenge, ubusinzi mu myitwarire, n’izindi ndwara ziterwa n’imyitwarire (nk’indwara iterwa n’imyitwarire ikabije (OCD) na Bulimia Nervosa). Kuri ubu, ubusinzi bwonyine bwemewe muri DSM-5 ni indwara y’urusimbi. Buri mu gice cya "Ubusinzi butari ubw’ibiyobyabwenge". Izindi ngeso mbi ntiziri muri DSM-5 kuko nta bushakashatsi buhagije buhari kuri byo. Ariko, niba igikorwa cyangwa ingeso iyo ari yo yose ibaye nyinshi ku buryo ibangamira ibikorwa byawe bya buri munsi, bishobora gutera ibibazo byo mu mutwe, mu mibanire n’abandi, ndetse rimwe na rimwe n’ibibazo by’amafaranga. Ingero zimwe z’ibikorwa bishobora kuba ubusinzi:

• Urusimbi .
• Kurya - Hari abantu bigora kugenzura imirire yabo.
• Gukora siporo cyangwa indyo yuzuye - Ibi byinshi muri byo nabyo ni ikibazo.
• Guhaha.
• Ubujura mu maduka cyangwa izindi ngeso zishobora guteza akaga.
• Gukora imibonano mpuzabitsina.
• Kureba porunogarafiya.
• Imikino ya videwo - Ibi kandi byitwa Indwara y'Imikino yo kuri Interineti.
• Gukoresha interineti (urugero: kuri telefoni yawe, mudasobwa) - cyane cyane imbuga nkoranyambaga.

Ni ubuhe businzi bukunze kugaragara?

Muri Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika, indwara ikunze kugaragara cyane ni indwara yo kunywa inzoga. Ikurikiraho ni nikotine na cannabis. Abantu barenga imyaka 12 bafite ikibazo cyo kunywa inzoga. Ibintu bisa cyane muri Sri Lanka, cyane cyane ku bibazo biterwa no kunywa inzoga n'itabi.

Ni ibihe bimenyetso by'ubusinzi?

Ibimenyetso by'ubusinzi biratandukanye bitewe n'umuntu ku giti cye kandi bitewe n'ikintu cyangwa ibikorwa umuntu aba yarabaswe nacyo. Dore bimwe mu bimenyetso bikunze kugaragara:

• Kudashobora kubireka: Umuntu ashobora gushaka kureka gukoresha ibiyobyabwenge cyangwa kwishora mu myitwarire mibi imubangamira, ariko ashobora kutabishobora. Ashobora kuba yaragerageje kugabanya inshuro nyinshi, ariko ntibimugereho. Ashobora kubeshya abakunzi be kuri ibi cyangwa kubihisha. Urugero, umuntu unywa itabi ashobora gutekereza buri munsi ati "Sinzongera kunywa itabi uyu munsi," ariko nyuma akongera agatangira kunywa itabi.
• Kongera ubushobozi bwo kwihanganira ibintu: Uko igihe kigenda gihita, ugomba gukoresha ibiyobyabwenge byinshi cyangwa kumara igihe kinini ubikora kugira ngo ubone ibyishimo/ ibyishimo nk'ibyo wabonaga mbere. Urugero, umuntu wabanje kunyurwa n'inzoga nkeya amaherezo azakenera byinshi kugira ngo abone ibyishimo nk'ibyo.
• Kwibanda cyane ku kintu cyangwa ibikorwa: Abantu bafite ikibazo cyo kuba imbata baba bahugiye mu buryo budasanzwe ku kintu cyangwa ibikorwa. Bashobora kumva ko icyo kibazo kirimo kwigarurira ubuzima bwabo kuko bamara igihe kinini cy'umunsi wabo bacyifuza, bagerageza kucyigeraho, kandi bagitekerezaho.
• Kutagira ubushobozi bwo kugenzura: Bashobora kumva badafite ubushobozi bwo kugenzura ikoreshwa ry'ibiyobyabwenge cyangwa ibikorwa byabo. Bashobora kumva bafite icyaha, kwiheba, ndetse n'umutwaro uremereye w'ibintu byabayeho mu buzima bwabo bitewe n'ubusinzi bwabo.
• Ibibazo by'ubuzima bwite: Ubusinzi bugira ingaruka ku buzima bwose - ubuzima bw'umubiri, ubuzima bwo mu mutwe, imibanire y'abantu ku giti cyabo, akazi, ibintu byose. Gukoresha ibiyobyabwenge cyangwa imyitwarire bishobora gutuma umuntu ananirwa kuzuza inshingano ze ku kazi, ku ishuri, cyangwa mu rugo. Mu yandi magambo, ntibashobora kubireka, nubwo bazi ingaruka mbi ubusinzi bwe bumugiraho.
• Kureka: Abantu bafite ibiyobyabwenge bashobora kugira ibimenyetso byo kureka ibiyobyabwenge mu mutwe no mu mubiri iyo baretse kubikoresha. Ibimenyetso by'umubiri bishobora kuba birimo guhinda umushyitsi, kubira ibyuya no kuruka. Bashobora kandi kugira ibimenyetso byo mu mutwe nko guhangayika no kurakara.

Kuki umuntu aba imbata y'ibi bintu?

Nta mpamvu imwe ihari itera ubusinzi - ni indwara igoye cyane .Impamvu nyamukuru yo kuba umuntu ukunda ibiyobyabwenge ni impinduka mu mikorere y'ubwonko bwawe.

Impinduka mu bwonko mu mikorere y'ibinyabutabire

Ibiyobyabwenge n'ibikorwa bimwe na bimwe bigira ingaruka ku bwonko bwawe, cyane cyane aho umuntu ahembwa . Nk'abantu, dushingiye ku miterere y'umubiri wacu, duharanira kwishimisha no kunyurwa. Akenshi, ibi byishimo bituruka ku bintu bizima. Iyo umaranye umwanya n'umuntu ukunda, cyangwa iyo uriye ifunguro riryoshye, umubiri wawe usohora ikinyabutabire cyitwa dopamine . Ibi nibyo bigutera kumva umeze neza. Ni nk'uruziga: Ushakisha ibi bintu kuko bigutera kumva umeze neza. Ibiyobyabwenge n'ibikorwa bimwe na bimwe (urugero, gukora imibonano mpuzabitsina, gukoresha amafaranga) nabyo birekura dopamine nyinshi mu bwonko bwawe. Ariko, aho kugushishikariza gukora ibintu ushaka gukora (kurya, gukora, kubana n'abo ukunda), ibi bipimo byinshi bya dopamine bishobora kugira ingaruka mbi ku bitekerezo byawe, amarangamutima, n'imyitwarire yawe. Ibi bishobora gutuma ugira irari ritari ryiza ry'ibiyobyabwenge cyangwa igikorwa, bishobora gutuma ibyishimo bigabanuka mu bikorwa bizima. Uko igihe kigenda gihita, ibi bintu cyangwa ibikorwa bihindura imikorere y'ubwonko bwawe. Uba utagifite isura nziza ku ngaruka zabyo. Hanyuma, ukeneye byinshi muri byo kugira ngo ubone ibyishimo nk'ibyo wahoraga ukunda. Ku bintu bimwe na bimwe, nka opioid, ibimenyetso byo kubireka birakomeye cyane ku buryo ushobora gukomeza kubikoresha.

Izindi mpamvu

Hari izindi mpamvu nyinshi zituma umuntu aba umusinzi:

• Genetike: Ubushakashatsi bwagaragaje ko hagati ya 40% na 60% by'ibyago byo kurwara indwara iyo ari yo yose ikoreshwa mu biyobyabwenge biterwa n'ibintu bigize genetike. Ibi bivuze ko niba umuntu wo mu muryango wawe (murumuna wawe, mushiki wawe, umubyeyi) afite iyo ndwara, uba uri mu kaga gakomeye gato. Abahanga mu bya siyansi baracyagerageza kumenya gene zihariye zigira uruhare muri iyi ngaruka.
• Indwara zo mu mutwe: Hari isano ikomeye hagati y’ubusinzi n’indwara zo mu mutwe (urugero: kwiheba, indwara yo guhangayika nyuma y’ihungabana, indwara yo kubabara mu mutwe). Hafi kimwe cya kabiri cy’abantu bafite indwara yo mu mutwe nabo bafite ikibazo cyo gukoresha ibiyobyabwenge, naho hafi kimwe cya kabiri cy’abantu bafite ikibazo cyo gukoresha ibiyobyabwenge nabo bafite ikibazo cyo mu mutwe.
• Ibintu bifitanye isano n’ibidukikije: Kubona ibiyobyabwenge byoroshye ni ikintu gikomeye cyane gishobora guteza ingaruka mbi ku bidukikije. Kugira abagize umuryango cyangwa inshuti bakoresha ibiyobyabwenge, cyangwa guhabwa imiti ishobora gukoreshwa nabi (urugero: opioyide, imiti itera imbaraga), bishobora kongera ibyago byo guhura n’ibiyobyabwenge no kubikoresha.Ibihe bibi byo mu bwana (ACEs) nabyo bigira uruhare runini hano. Ibihe bikomeye byo mu bwana (ACEs) ni ibintu bibabaza cyangwa bibabaza umuntu. Ibi bifitanye isano rikomeye n'ibibazo bitandukanye by'ubuzima, harimo n'ibiyobyabwenge, bishobora kuvuka mu buzima bwe bwose.

Wamenya ute ko ufite ikibazo cyo kuba waratwawe n'ibiyobyabwenge? (Isuzuma)

Kugira ngo umuganga wawe amenye niba ufite ikibazo cy’ubusinzi, ashobora kukwohereza kwa muganga w’indwara zo mu mutwe, uw’imitekerereze y’abantu, cyangwa umujyanama mu by’ibiyobyabwenge n’inzoga. Muganga wawe azabaza ibibazo (ndetse wenda n’umuryango wawe) ku bijyanye n’uburyo ukoresha ibiyobyabwenge n’imyitwarire yawe mibi. Muganga ashobora kandi gushaka gukora isuzuma ry’umubiri kandi agategeka ko upimwa amaraso n’inkari. Ibi bizamini bitanga amakuru ajyanye n’ubuzima bwawe muri rusange. Bishobora kandi kugufasha kumenya niba ufite ikibazo cy’ubuzima runaka.

Ni ubuhe buryo bwo kuvura ibiyobyabwenge?

Muganga wawe ashobora kukugira inama yo gukoresha uburyo butandukanye bwo kuvura, bushobora kuba burimo:

• Gucunga Ibitaro: Ibimenyetso byo kureka gukoresha imiti imwe n'imwe bishobora guteza akaga. Uzakurikiranwa kandi uvurwe mu bitaro byihariye kugira ngo bigufashe gukira ibi bimenyetso.
• Imiti: Imiti imwe n'imwe ishobora kugabanya irari, irari, n'ibimenyetso bikomeza kugaragara byo kureka. Niba ufite indi ndwara yo mu mutwe (urugero: indwara ya bipolar, kwiheba), muganga wawe ashobora no kuvura iyo miti akoresheje imiti.
• Gusubira mu buzima busanzwe/Gusubira mu buzima busanzwe: Ibi kandi byitwa "kubaho udafite ikibazo" cyangwa "ubuvuzi bwo mu rugo." Ibigo byita ku barwayi bitanga ubujyanama, uburezi, inkunga, no gushishikarizwa mu buryo buhamye. Ushobora kuvurwa unyuze mu kigo cyita ku barwayi barembye (gusubira mu buzima busanzwe) cyangwa witabira inama zateganyijwe (gusubira mu buzima busanzwe). Serivisi zo gusubiza mu buzima busanzwe zibanda ahanini ku kugufasha guhangana n'ubusinzi bwawe no kubaho ubuzima bwiza igihe kirekire.
• Ubujyanama n'Ubuvuzi: Uburyo butandukanye bwo kuvura bushobora gufasha abantu bafite ibiyobyabwenge kubona ibintu bishya no guhindura imyitwarire yabo. Muganga wawe ashobora kukugira inama yo kuvura indwara zo mu mutwe (psychotherapy), nko kuvura mu buryo bw'imyitwarire (CBT) cyangwa kuvura mu matsinda.
• Amatsinda yo gushyigikira:Abantu benshi batsinda ibiyobyabwenge byabo babifashijwemo n'itsinda rishinzwe ubufasha. Urugero, Alcoholics Anonymous cyangwa Narcotics Anonymous. Amatsinda nka Al-Anon atanga ubufasha ku miryango n'inshuti z'abantu bafite ibibazo byo gukoresha ibiyobyabwenge. Aya matsinda aha abantu amahirwe yo gusangira ibyo banyuzemo no guhabwa ubufasha buhoraho.

Ni ubuhe buzima ushobora kubaho uramutse ukize ubusinzi? (Outlook)

Iyo abantu benshi bavuwe, babasha kwihanganira ibiyobyabwenge byabo kandi bakabaho ubuzima bwiza kandi bwuzuye. Ariko, gukira indwara zo gukoresha ibiyobyabwenge n'ingeso mbi ntibyoroshye . Inshuti, umuryango, n'abaganga babafasha bagira uruhare runini mu gutuma ubu buvuzi bugira icyo bugeraho.

Iyo hatabayeho kuvurwa, ubusinzi bushobora gutera ibibazo bikomeye by’ubuzima ndetse n’urupfu. Bushobora kwangiza imibanire y’abantu, bugatera ibibazo by’ubukungu, kandi bugatera ibibazo by’amategeko. Ubusinzi butitaweho bushobora no kwangiza imiryango, kandi ingaruka zishobora kumara imyaka myinshi.

Ese hari ibintu dushobora gukora kugira ngo wirinde ibiyobyabwenge?

Hari ibintu byinshi wakora kugira ngo ugabanye ibyago byo kuba imbata y'ibiyobyabwenge:

• Irinde cyangwa ugabanye ikoreshwa ry'ibintu bitera ibibazo: Irinde cyangwa ugabanye ikoreshwa ry'imiti idasaba muganga. Buri gihe kurikiza amabwiriza ya muganga wawe mu gihe ukoresha imiti ya muganga. Niba utekereza ko ushobora kuba imbata y'imiti ya muganga, bwira muganga wawe ako kanya.
• Menya amateka y'umuryango wawe: Niba hari umuntu wo mu muryango wawe wagize ikibazo cyo gukoresha ibiyobyabwenge cyangwa kuba imbata y'imyitwarire, ushobora kuba uri mu kaga gakomeye. Vugana na muganga wawe uburyo bwo kugabanya ibyago byo kurwara.
• Gucunga imihangayiko mu buryo bwiza: Ingaruka zo gukoresha ibiyobyabwenge ziyongera cyane mu bihe by'imihangayiko no mu mpinduka z'ubuzima. Ni ngombwa gushaka uburyo bwiza bwo guhangana n'ibibazo muri ibi bihe (urugero: imyitozo ngororamubiri, gutekereza cyane, gukora ibintu bishya). Niba ufite ikibazo cyo guhangana n'imihangayiko, tekereza ku kubonana n'umujyanama mu by'ubuzima bwo mu mutwe .

Ni gute wafasha umuntu ufite ikibazo cyo kuryamana n'abandi?

Kubona umuntu ukunda afite ikibazo cy’imyitwarire cyangwa ikibazo cyo gukoresha ibiyobyabwenge bishobora kugorana cyane kandi bigatera imihangayiko. Dore inama zimwe na zimwe zagufasha wowe ubwawe n’uwo ukunda:

• Vuga hakiri kare: Uko umuntu ufite ikibazo cy’ubusinzi abona ubuvuzi vuba, ni ko biba byiza. Garagaza impungenge zawe kandi umufashe kubona ubuvuzi vuba bishoboka. Hamagara umujyanama w’ubutabazi, vugana na muganga cyangwa umujyanama mu by’ubuzima bwo mu mutwe , umugire inama yo kwiyandikisha muri gahunda y’ubuvuzi, cyangwa ujye muri gahunda y’intambwe 12. Tanga ubufasha bwawe n’inkunga yawe nta guca urubanza.
• Itoze kwishyira mu mwanya w'abandi: Nubwo waba utemeranya n'uwo ukunda, tega amatwi witonze ibyo avuga. Uko uwo ukunda yumva ameze nk'aho afite umuntu umusobanukiwe, ni ko arushaho kukubona nk'umuntu ashobora kwizera.
• Ihangane: Ntukitege ko ubusinzi bw'uwo ukunda buzakira mu kiganiro kimwe cyangwa igikorwa kimwe. Ingorane zo gukoresha ibiyobyabwenge n'ingeso mbi ni ibintu bigoye, indwara zidakira, kandi nta gisubizo cyihuse gihari.
• Tekereza nawe: Inshuti n'umuryango w'abantu bafite ibiyobyabwenge bakunze kugira stress, depression, agahinda, n'irungu. Ni ngombwa gutekereza ku buzima bwawe bwo mu mutwe no gushaka ubufasha niba ufite ibi bimenyetso. Tekereza kwinjira mu itsinda cyangwa umuryango w'abaterankunga mu gace utuyemo.

Ukeneye kubonana na muganga?

Ubusinzi ni indwara ikomeye. Niba utekereza ko wowe cyangwa umuntu ukunda ashobora kuba afite ubusinzi, vugana na muganga ako kanya. Hari amatsinda y'ubuvuzi n'ubufasha ahari kugira ngo agufashe.

Amaherezo, ibuka ibi (Ubutumwa bwo kujyana mu rugo)

Rero, mu gusoza, kuba umuntu arwaye si indwara, si intege nke zo mu mutwe cyangwa inenge y'umuntu. Bishobora kuba kuri buri wese, kimwe na diyabete cyangwa umuvuduko ukabije w'amaraso. Ikintu cy'ingenzi ni uko bishobora gutsindwa. Niba wowe cyangwa undi muntu uzi ufite iyi ndwara, nturi wenyine. Ntutinye gusaba ubufasha, ntugire isoni. Vugana na muganga, umujyanama, cyangwa umuntu mukuru wizeye. Hamwe n'ubuvuzi n'ubufasha bikwiye, abantu babarirwa muri za miriyoni batsinze ibi biyobyabwenge kandi babayeho ubuzima bwiza kandi bushimishije. Urugendo rushobora kugorana, kandi hazabaho ibibazo mu nzira, ariko ntucike intege. Ushobora kubitsinda rwose. ` Ubusinzi, Ubusinzi, Ibiyobyabwenge, Inzoga, Urusimbi, Ubuvuzi, Ubuzima bwo mu Mutwe