Ese nawe waba waratwawe n'ibiyobyabwenge? Reka tuvuge ku bijyanye no kunywa ibiyobyabwenge muri Nirogi Lanka!

Ese wigeze wumva uti “Nsa nkaho ntashobora kuva muri ibi”? Bishobora kuba ari ingeso mbi, cyangwa se bikaba ari ikintu cyimbitse—ubusinzi. Uyu munsi, reka tuganire ku byo ibi ari byo koko, impamvu bibaho, n'uburyo ushobora kugaruka mu buzima buzira umuze. Nubwo iyi ari ingingo igoye, turayisesengura muri make na Nirogi Lanka.

Ubusinzi ni iki koko?

Muri make, kuba umuntu anywa ibiyobyabwenge ni ukwihambira cyane ku kintu runaka cyangwa igikorwa runaka no kugikomeza mu buryo butunguranye, nubwo waba uzi ingaruka mbi. Ni indwara idakira kandi ihoraho . Ushobora gusanga uzi ko ibyo ukora bikugirira nabi cyangwa bikugirira nabi, ariko ukumva nta bushobozi ufite bwo kubihagarika.

Ibiyobyabwenge bishobora kugira ingaruka zikomeye ku buzima bwawe, imibanire yawe, akazi kawe, ndetse n'ibindi byose bigize ubuzima bwawe. Niyo mpamvu ari ngombwa gushaka ubufasha bw'inzobere ukimara kubona ibimenyetso.

Ese ni indwara?

Yego, kuba umuntu arwaye ni indwara . Nk’uko bivugwa n’ishyirahamwe ry’Abanyamerika ryita ku buvuzi bw’ibiyobyabwenge (ASAM), kuba umuntu arwaye ni indwara idakira yo mu bwonko. Si ikimenyetso cy’intege nke cyangwa gufata ibyemezo bibi. Mu by’ukuri kuba umuntu arwaye bihindura imikorere y’ubwonko . Muri ubwo buryo, bisa n’izindi ndwara zidakira nka diyabete cyangwa indwara z’umutima.

Ni ubuhe bwoko bw'ingenzi bw'ubusinzi?

Muri rusange hari ibyiciro bibiri by'ubusinzi:

1. Ubusinzi bw'ibiyobyabwenge (Abaganga bita indwara zo gukoresha ibiyobyabwenge).

2. Ibiyobyabwenge mu myitwarire (Kwishora mu bikorwa runaka aho kuba ibiyobyabwenge).

Ibiyobyabwenge biyobyabwenge

Abaganga bashyira ibi mu byiciro nk'indwara ziterwa n'ikoreshwa ry'ibiyobyabwenge. Igitabo cy'Ihuriro ry'Abanyamerika ryita ku ndwara zo mu mutwe (DSM-5) gitanga ibipimo bisobanutse neza kugira ngo hamenyekane izo ndwara.

Ibi bintu bishobora kuva ku miti yandikiwe na muganga kugeza ku miti itemewe n'amategeko. Reka turebe ingero zimwe na zimwe:

• Inzoga .
• Kafeyine - Yego, abantu benshi bashobora kwishingikiriza kuri kafeyine iboneka mu ikawa n'icyayi.
• Urumogi/Marijuana.
• Ibiyobyabwenge byo mu mutwe - Nka PCP na LSD.
• Imiti igabanya ububabare, imiti igabanya ububabare, n'imiti igabanya ububabare – Imiti nk'ibinini bisinziriza, benzodiazepines, na barbiturates ikoreshwa mu kugabanya ububabare n'imihangayiko.
• Ibikoresho byo guhumeka – Nk'ibigabanya irangi, aerosol, imyuka imwe n'imwe, na nitrites (ibice bito).
• Opioide - Yaba yanditswe cyangwa itemewe n'amategeko, harimo imiti igabanya ububabare nka codeine, Oxycodone , na heroine.
• Ibitera imbaraga - Harimo Adderall ®, kokayine, na methamphetamine .
• Itabi/Nikotine – Itabi, itabi rya elegitoroniki, cyangwa inzoga ziterwa na vaping .

Nubwo ibi bintu bitandukanye cyane, byose bitera imbaraga mu bwonko bwawe, bigatanga ibyishimo cyangwa ibyishimo. Gukoresha ibi bintu bishobora gutera indwara zo gukoresha ibiyobyabwenge—nubwo atari buri wese ubikoresha azarwara indwara yo gukoresha ibiyobyabwenge. Ibi bishobora kuva ku byoroheje kugeza ku bikomeye. Ubusinzi ni bwo bwoko bukomeye cyane bw'indwara yo gukoresha ibiyobyabwenge.

Ibiyobyabwenge mu myitwarire

Igikorwa icyo ari cyo cyose gikangura ikigo cy’ubwonko bwawe gishobora guhinduka ubusinzi bw’imyitwarire. Abashakashatsi bakomeje kwiga isano n’itandukaniro riri hagati yo kuba imbata y’ibiyobyabwenge, ubusinzi bw’imyitwarire, n’izindi ndwara zo kwiheba (nk’indwara yo kwiheba cyangwa bulimia nervosa).

Muri iki gihe, Gambling Disorder ni yo yonyine yemewe ku mugaragaro nk'umuntu ukunda imyitwarire muri DSM-5 mu cyiciro cy'"indwara zidafite aho zihuriye n'ibiyobyabwenge".

Izindi myitwarire ntizirashyirwa mu byiciro byuzuye muri DSM-5 bitewe n’ubushakashatsi buri gukorwa. Ariko, niba hari igikorwa cyangwa ingeso itangiye kugutwara ubuzima kugeza aho wirengagiza izindi nshingano, cyangwa niba bibangamira gahunda zawe za buri munsi bigatera ibibazo byo mu mutwe, mu mibanire, ku mubiri, cyangwa se mu by’imari, ni ikibazo giteye impungenge.

Ingero z'imyitwarire ishobora gutera umuntu kurakara zirimo:

• Urusimbi .
• Kurya (Kurya cyane cyangwa kudashobora kugenzura ibyo kurya).
• Gukora imyitozo ngororamubiri cyangwa indyo (Iyo bigeze ku rugero rukabije kandi rwangiza).
• Guhaha ibintu bidasaba imbaraga.
• Ubujura mu maduka cyangwa izindi ngeso zishobora guteza akaga.
• Imyitwarire ishingiye ku mibonano mpuzabitsina ikabije.
• Kureba porunogarafiya.
• Imikino ya videwo - Izwi kandi nka Internet Gaming Disorder.
• Gukoresha interineti (urugero, gukoresha telefoni cyangwa mudasobwa cyane) – Cyane cyane ku bijyanye n'imbuga nkoranyambaga.

Ni ubuhe businzi bukunze kugaragara?

Muri Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika, indwara yo gukoresha inzoga ni yo ikunze kugaragara cyane, ikurikirwa na nikotine na cannabis. Abantu barenga imyaka 12 barwaye indwara iterwa n'inzoga. Ibi bisa cyane no muri Sri Lanka, aho ibibazo bijyanye n'inzoga n'itabi ari ibibazo bikomeye ku buzima rusange.

Ni ibihe bimenyetso by'ubusinzi?

Ibimenyetso by'ubusinzi biratandukanye bitewe n'umuntu n'ikintu runaka cyangwa imyitwarire irimo. Dore bimwe mu bimenyetso bikunze kugaragara:

• Kudashobora kubireka: Ushobora gusanga nubwo wifuza cyane kureka gukoresha ibiyobyabwenge cyangwa guhagarika imyitwarire mibi, ariko ntubishobora. Ushobora kuba waragerageje kugabanya inshuro nyinshi ariko ntibikugereho, akenshi wumva ukeneye guhisha ibyo bikorwa cyangwa kubeshya abo ukunda. Tekereza ku muntu unywa itabi wibwira buri munsi ati "Iri ni ryo tabi ryanjye rya nyuma," hanyuma agasanga yongeye kurira.
• Kwihanganira ibintu byiyongera: Uko igihe kigenda gihita, ushobora kubona ko kugira ngo ugere ku byishimo cyangwa kunyurwa nk'uko wabyiyumvagamo mbere, ugomba gukoresha ibiyobyabwenge byinshi cyangwa ukishora mu myitwarire igihe kirekire. Urugero, umuntu watangiye kunywa inzoga nke ashobora gusanga akeneye byinshi kurushaho uko igihe kigenda gihita kugira ngo agire ingaruka zimwe.
• Kwibanda cyane ku kintu cyangwa ibikorwa: Niba uhanganye n'ikibazo cyo kuba imbata, ushobora gusanga uhugiye kuri icyo kintu cyangwa imyitwarire, akenshi ukumva nk'aho cyakugizeho ingaruka mu buzima bwawe. Ushobora kumara igice kinini cy'umunsi wawe ugitekerezaho, ugishaka, cyangwa uteganya amahirwe akurikira yo kucyitabira.
• Kunanirwa kwifata: Ushobora kumva nta cyo ushoboye na gato, nk'aho nta bushobozi ufite bwo kugira icyo uvuga ku kintu ukoresha cyangwa imyitwarire usubiramo. Ibi akenshi bigutera kumva wicira urubanza, kwiheba, ndetse n'ingaruka zikomeye z'ubusinzi bwawe ku buzima bwawe.
• Ibibazo byawe bwite n'ibibazo by'ubuzima: Ubusinzi bugira ingaruka ku bice byose by'ubuzima bwawe—ubuzima bwawe bw'umubiri, imibereho yawe yo mu mutwe, imibanire yawe bwite, n'akazi. Ushobora kugorwa no gusohoza inshingano zawe ku kazi, ku ishuri, cyangwa mu rugo bitewe n'ikoreshwa ry'ibiyobyabwenge cyangwa imyitwarire yawe. Nk'uko mbisubiramo, nubwo waba uzi neza ingaruka mbi ubusinzi bwawe butera, ushobora gusanga udashobora kubireka.
• Kureka: Iyo ugerageje kureka gukoresha ibiyobyabwenge cyangwa kwishora mu myitwarire, ushobora kugira ikibazo gikomeye cyo mu mutwe no ku mubiri kizwi nka ibimenyetso byo kubireka . Mu mubiri, ibi bishobora kuba birimo guhinda umushyitsi, kubira ibyuya, cyangwa isesemi. Ushobora kandi guhura n'ibibazo bikomeye byo mu mutwe, nko guhangayika cyangwa kurakara.

Kuki abantu bagira ingeso yo kuba imbata?

Nta mpamvu imwe rukumbi ibaho ituma umuntu aba umusinzi —ni ikibazo kigoye . Ikintu cy'ingenzi mu iterambere ry'ubusinzi ni impinduka mu mikorere y'ubwonko bwawe.

Impinduka mu buhanga mu bwonko

Ibiyobyabwenge n'imyitwarire imwe n'imwe bigira ingaruka ku bwonko bwawe, cyane cyane aho ubwonko bwawe bukorera ibihembo .

Nk'abantu, dushingiye ku miterere y'umubiri wacu, dufite intego yo gushaka ibyishimo no kunyurwa. Ibyinshi muri ibi bihembo bituruka ku bikorwa bizima. Iyo umaranye umwanya n'uwo ukunda cyangwa urya ifunguro ryiza, umubiri wawe urekura ikinyabutabire cyitwa dopamine . Ibi nibyo bigutera kumva umeze neza. Bituma habaho uruhererekane: ushaka ibyo bintu byiza kuko bigutera kumva wishimye.

Ibiyobyabwenge n'imyitwarire imwe n'imwe (nk'urusimbi cyangwa gukoresha amafaranga nabi) nabyo bitera kurekurwa kwa dopamine mu bwonko bwawe mu buryo butunguranye kandi bukabije. Ariko, aho kugushishikariza kugira ingeso zigufasha kubaho, iyi ngero nyinshi ya dopamine ishobora kugira ingaruka mbi ku bitekerezo byawe, ku byiyumvo byawe, no ku myitwarire yawe.

Ingaruka zabyo ni uko ushobora gushishikarira gushaka byinshi kuri iyo ngingo cyangwa imyitwarire, mu gihe inyungu zawe mu bikorwa bizima kandi bitanga umusaruro zigabanuka.

Uko igihe kigenda gihita, ibi bintu cyangwa ibikorwa bihindura cyane imiterere y'ubwonko bwawe. Uba utagifite ibyiyumvo kuri byo. Bityo, ukeneye byinshi muri ibyo bintu cyangwa ibikorwa kugira ngo wumve urwego rw'ibyishimo nk'urwo wahoze uhura narwo.

Ku bintu bimwe na bimwe, nka opioids , ibimenyetso byo kubireka birakomeye cyane ku buryo bitera imbaraga zo gukomeza kubikoresha kugira ngo hirindwe ubwo bubabare bw'umubiri n'ubwo mu mutwe.

Ibindi bintu bigira uruhare

Ubusinzi buterwa n'ibindi bintu byinshi:

• Genetike: Ubushakashatsi bwerekana ko 40% kugeza kuri 60% by'ibyago byo kurwara indwara iyo ari yo yose iterwa n'ibiyobyabwenge ari umurage. Niba umwe mu bagize umuryango wawe—nk'umuvandimwe wawe cyangwa umubyeyi—yagize ikibazo muri ibi, ushobora kuba ufite imiterere y'uturemangingo iri hejuru. Abahanga mu bya siyansi baracyakora ibishoboka byose kugira ngo bamenye imiterere yihariye igize iyi ngaruka.
• Indwara zo mu mutwe: Hari isano ikomeye hagati y’ubusinzi n’ibibazo by’ubuzima bwo mu mutwe, nko kwiheba , PTSD (Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder) , cyangwa indwara ya bipolar . Hafi kimwe cya kabiri cy’abahanganye n’ikibazo cy’ubuzima bwo mu mutwe nabo bazahura n’ikibazo cyo gukoresha ibiyobyabwenge, naho abandi bakazahura n’ikibazo cyo gukoresha ibiyobyabwenge .
• Ibintu bifitanye isano n’ibidukikije: Kubona ibiyobyabwenge byoroshye ni ikintu gikomeye gishobora guteza ingaruka mbi ku bidukikije. Niba ubana n’abantu bakoresha ibiyobyabwenge, cyangwa niba warahawe imiti (nk'imiti igabanya ubukana cyangwa imiti itera imbaraga) ishobora gukoreshwa nabi, ibyago byo guhura na byo biriyongera. Ibihe bibi byo mu bwana (ACEs) nabyo bigira uruhare runini. Ibiyobyabwenge bivuga ibintu bibabaza cyangwa bibabaza umuntu mu bwana, bifitanye isano rikomeye n’ibibazo bitandukanye by’ubuzima mu buzima bwe bwose, harimo no kuba umuntu arwaye ibiyobyabwenge.

Namenya nte ko mfite ikibazo cyo kuba ndi umusinzi? (Isuzuma)

Kugira ngo amenye niba ufite ikibazo cy’ubusinzi, muganga wawe ashobora kukwohereza kwa muganga w’indwara zo mu mutwe , uw’imitekerereze y’abantu , cyangwa umujyanama mu by’ibiyobyabwenge n’inzoga . Umuganga wawe azakubaza (ndetse n’umuryango wawe) ibibazo bijyanye n’uburyo ukoresha cyangwa imyitwarire yawe.

Muganga wawe ashobora kugukorera isuzuma ry’umubiri agasaba gupimwa amaraso cyangwa inkari. Ibi bizamini bitanga amakuru ajyanye n’ubuzima bwawe muri rusange kandi bigafasha kumenya niba hari indwara zisanzwe zigomba gukemurwa.

Ni ubuhe buryo bwo kuvura ubusinzi buboneka?

Muri Nirogi Lanka, muganga wawe ashobora kukugira inama yo gukoresha uburyo butandukanye bwo kuvura. Ubu buryo bushobora kuba burimo:

• Ubuyobozi bw'Ibitaro:Ibimenyetso bimwe na bimwe byo kureka ibiyobyabwenge bishobora guteza akaga iyo uhagaritse ibiyobyabwenge bimwe na bimwe. Ibitaro byihariye bitanga serivisi zo gukurikirana no kuvura kugira ngo bigufashe guhangana n'ibi bimenyetso mu mutekano no mu buryo bwiza.
• Imiti: Imiti imwe n'imwe ishobora kugabanya irari, ubushake bukomeye, n'ibimenyetso bidashira byo kureka. Niba urimo uhura n'indi ndwara yo mu mutwe (urugero: Bipolar Disorder, Depression), muganga wawe ashobora kuguha uburyo bwo kuvura bugenewe abo bantu.
• Gusubira mu buzima busanzwe (Rehab): Ibi birimo "kubaho udafite ikibazo" cyangwa "ubuvuzi bwo mu rugo." Ibigo by'abasubira mu buzima busanzwe bitanga ubujyanama, uburezi, ubufasha buhoraho, n'ingufu. Ushobora kwitabwaho mu gihe ucumbitse mu kigo (rehab in apatient rehab) cyangwa witabira inama zateganyijwe mu gihe utuye mu rugo (rehab outpatient rehab). Intego nyamukuru ya serivisi zo gusubira mu buzima busanzwe ni ukugufasha mu gucunga ubusinzi bwawe igihe kirekire no kubaka ubuzima bwiza kandi burambye.
• Ubuvuzi: Uburyo butandukanye bwo kuvura bufasha abantu kubona ibintu bishya no guhindura imyitwarire. Muganga wawe ashobora kukugira inama yo kuvura indwara zo mu mutwe (psychotherapy), nko kuvura indwara zo mu mutwe (CBT) cyangwa kuvura mu matsinda, kugira ngo bigufashe mu rugendo rwawe rwo gukira.
• Amatsinda yo Gushyigikira: Abantu benshi babona intsinzi binyuze mu gukoresha amatsinda yo gushyigikira. Urugero, harimo Alcoholics Anonymous (AA) ku bantu bahanganye n'inzoga cyangwa Narcotics Anonymous (NA) ku bafite ibibazo byo kuba imbata z'ibiyobyabwenge. Amatsinda nka Al-Anon atanga ubufasha bw'ingenzi ku miryango n'inshuti z'abafite ibibazo byo gukoresha ibiyobyabwenge. Iyi miryango itanga ahantu hizewe ho gusangira ubunararibonye no guhabwa inkunga ihoraho.

Ubuzima bumera bute nyuma yo gutsinda ibiyobyabwenge? (Outlook)

Iyo abantu benshi bavuwe neza, batsinda neza ibiyobyabwenge byabo kandi bagakomeza kubaho ubuzima bwiza kandi bwuzuye. Ariko, gukira ibiyobyabwenge cyangwa ibiyobyabwenge by’imyitwarire ntibyoroshye . Uburyo bwo gufasha bugizwe n’inshuti, umuryango, n’abaganga bitayeho bugira uruhare runini mu gutuma ubuvuzi bwawe bugira icyo bugeraho.

Iyo hatabayeho kuvurwa, kuba ibiyobyabwenge bishobora gutera ingorane zikomeye ku buzima cyangwa ndetse no gupfa. Bishobora kwangiza imibanire y'abantu, bigatera ibibazo by'amafaranga, ndetse bigatera ibibazo by'amategeko. Ububi bw'ibiyobyabwenge butavuwe bugira ingaruka ku bo ukunda, ndetse n'ingaruka zishobora kumara igihe kirekire mu bisekuruza.

Ese hari uburyo bwo kwirinda ibiyobyabwenge?

Hari intambwe nyinshi ushobora gutera kugira ngo ugabanye ibyago byo kuba imbata y'ibiyobyabwenge:

• Irinde cyangwa ugabanyirize ibintu biyobyabwenge: Gerageza kwirinda gukoresha ibintu bitagugenewe. Mu gihe ukoresha imiti wahawe, kurikiza amabwiriza ya muganga wawe neza. Niba wumva utangiye kwishingikiriza ku miti wahawe, menyesha muganga wawe ako kanya.
• Menya Amateka y'Umuryango Wawe: Niba hari umuntu wo mu muryango wawe ufite amateka yo gukoresha ibiyobyabwenge cyangwa kuba imbata z'imyitwarire, ushobora kuba uri mu kaga gakomeye. Vugana na muganga wawe ku ngamba zo kugabanya ibyago byawe.
• Gucunga Imihangayiko mu buryo bwiza: Ibintu biguhangayikishije mu buzima bishobora kongera cyane ibyago byo gukoresha ibiyobyabwenge. Muri ibi bihe, ni ngombwa gukoresha uburyo bwiza bwo guhangana n'ibibazo (urugero: gukora imyitozo ngororamubiri, gutekereza cyane, cyangwa gutangira ikintu gishya). Niba bigoye gucunga imihangayiko, tekereza kuvugana n'umujyanama mu by'ubuzima bwo mu mutwe .

Uburyo bwo gufasha umuntu ufite ikibazo cyo kuba umusinzi

Kumenya ko uwo ukunda ahanganye n'ikibazo cyo kuba umusinzi bishobora kugorana cyane kandi bigatera imihangayiko. Dore bumwe mu buryo bwo kumushyigikira mu gihe wiyitaho:

• Bageraho hakiri kare:Uko umuntu avurwa vuba, ni ko arushaho kuba mwiza. Garagaza impungenge zawe kandi umufashe kubona ubufasha bw'inzobere vuba bishoboka. Gerageza guhamagara umurongo w'ubutabazi bwihutirwa, kuvugana na muganga cyangwa umujyanama mu by'ubuzima bwo mu mutwe , kwinjira muri gahunda yo kuvura, cyangwa kwitabira inama y'intambwe 12. Tanga ubufasha bwawe n'inkunga yawe nta guca urubanza.
• Itoze Kwishyira mu mwanya w'abandi: Nubwo waba utemeranya n'uwo ukunda, mutege amatwi witonze. Iyo uwo ukunda yumva ko asobanukiwe neza, aba ashobora kukubona nk'umufatanyabikorwa wizeye mu gukira kwe.
• Ihangane: Ntukitege ko ikiganiro kimwe cyangwa igikorwa kimwe bizavura ubusinzi bw'uwo ukunda. Gukoresha ibiyobyabwenge n'ingeso mbi ni ibintu bigoye, indwara zidakira, kandi nta "gisubizo cyihuse" gihari.
• Witeho: Inshuti n'abagize umuryango w'abantu bafite ibiyobyabwenge bakunze kugira imihangayiko, imihangayiko, agahinda n'irungu. Ni ngombwa gushyira imbere ubuzima bwawe bwo mu mutwe; niba uhanganye n'ibibazo, shakisha ubufasha nawe ubwawe. Tekereza kwinjira mu itsinda rishinzwe gufasha imiryango yo mu gace utuyemo.

Ukeneye kubonana na muganga?

Ubusinzi ni indwara ikomeye. Niba ukeka ko wowe cyangwa umuntu ukunda ahanganye n'ubusinzi, vugana na muganga ako kanya. Amatsinda y'ubuvuzi n'ubufasha bw'inzobere ashobora gutanga ubufasha bukenewe kugira ngo umuntu akire.

Inyandiko ya nyuma (Ubutumwa bwo kujyana mu rugo)

Amaherezo, wibuke ko kuba umuntu arwaye indwara atari ikimenyetso cy'intege nke cyangwa inenge mu mico ye. Bishobora kuba kuri buri wese, nka diyabete cyangwa umuvuduko ukabije w'amaraso. Ikintu cy'ingenzi ugomba kumenya ni uko gukira bishoboka.

Niba wowe cyangwa undi muntu uzi ababaye, nyamuneka menya ko utari wenyine. Ntutinye cyangwa ngo ugire isoni zo gusaba ubufasha. Vugana na muganga, umujyanama, cyangwa umuntu mukuru wizeye. Bitewe n'ubwitabire n'ubufasha bikwiye, abantu babarirwa muri za miriyoni bacitse ku businzi maze babaho ubuzima bwiza kandi bushimishije. Urugendo rushobora kugorana, kandi hashobora kubaho inzitizi mu nzira, ariko ntucike intege. Ufite imbaraga zo gutsinda ibi ubifashijwemo na Nirogi Lanka.

Ubusinzi, Gukira, Gukoresha ibiyobyabwenge, Ubuzima bwo mu mutwe, Ubufasha bw'inzobere