Ese wabonye ukuntu 'vaping'—gukoresha igikoresho cy'ikoranabuhanga mu guhumeka umwuka—byakunzwe cyane mu rubyiruko muri iki gihe? Benshi bizera ko ari ubundi buryo bwizewe bwo gusimbura itabi gakondo. Ariko, uzi ko abaganga barimo gutanga impungenge ku bijyanye n'imvune nshya kandi iteje akaga mu bihaha ifitanye isano n'iyi ngeso? Yitwa EVALI . Reka dusobanure neza icyo iyi ndwara ari cyo mu buryo bworoshye kandi busobanutse.
EVALI ni iki?
Mu magambo make, EVALI ni incamake y'ijambo 'E-cigarette, cyangwa vaping, imvune ijyanye n'ikoreshwa ry'ibihaha.' Mu by'ukuri, yerekeza ku kwangirika kw'ibihaha bifitanye isano itaziguye no gukoresha itabi ry'ikoranabuhanga cyangwa ibikoresho byo kuvanga. Iyi ndwara itera ububyimbirwe bukomeye no kwangirika kw'ingingo mu bihaha byawe.
Igikoresho cy'ikoranabuhanga ukoresha mu gushyushya amazi kirimo nikotine n'ibindi birungo bitandukanye. Uduce duto cyane tw'iyi myuka ni two dutuma ibihaha bikomereka. Ikigaragara ni uko EVALI ishobora kugaragara mu bantu nubwo baba bataranywa amazi mu gihe cy'iminsi 90 mbere yuko ibimenyetso bigaragara.
EVALI ishobora kugaragara nk'indwara ikomeye igaragara mu buryo butunguranye, cyangwa ikagenda ikura buhoro buhoro uko ibimenyetso bigenda birushaho kwiyongera. Mu bihe bikomeye, iyi ndwara ishobora gushyira ubuzima mu kaga .
EVALI ifite uburemere bungana iki?
Iyi ni indwara ikomeye cyane . Raporo zituruka muri Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika zigaragaza ko 90% by'abantu basanzwe barwaye EVALI basabwaga kujya mu bitaro. Mu ntangiriro za 2020, abantu bagera ku 3.000 bajyanywe mu bitaro n'abagera kuri 70 bapfuye byatewe n'iyi ndwara. Ni ngombwa gusobanukirwa uburemere bw'iyi ngaruka ku buzima.
Ese iki ni ikibazo cy'igihe kirekire?
EVALI ni indwara nshya cyane, aho abarwayi ba mbere bagaragaye muri Amerika mu 2019. Kubera iyo mpamvu, impuguke mu by'ubuvuzi n'abashakashatsi ntibaramenya neza ingaruka z'igihe kirekire cyangwa uko ubuzima bw'abarwayi buzaba bwifashe. Mu yandi magambo, ntabwo turasobanukirwa neza ingaruka z'ubuzima z'igihe kirekire zishobora kuvuka nyuma yo gupimwa na EVALI.
Ni ibihe bimenyetso bya EVALI?
Reka turebe ibimenyetso bifitanye isano na EVALI. Niba uhuye na kimwe muri ibi, cyane cyane niba unywa inzoga nyinshi, ni ngombwa ko ujya kwa muganga vuba.
- Ububabare bwo mu gituza: Akenshi bugaragara nk'ikintu gifunganye cyangwa kibuza umuntu gukora ikintu.
- Inkorora: Iyi ishobora kuba inkorora yumye cyangwa inkorora itera ibisebe.
- Guhumeka nabi (dyspnea): Ushobora kumva uhumeka nabi nubwo waba uri kuruhuka, atari mu gihe cy'imyitozo ngororamubiri gusa.
- Umutima utera cyane ( tachycardia ): Kumva umutima wihuta cyane cyangwa utera cyane.
- Ububabare bwo mu nda .
- Isesemi no kuruka .
- Impiswi .
- Umuriro .
- Ubukonje (bisa n'ibimenyetso by'ibicurane).
- Kugabanya ibiro mu buryo butunguranye: Niba ugabanya ibiro udahinduye imirire yawe cyangwa gahunda yawe yo gukora imyitozo ngororamubiri, iki ni ikimenyetso gikomeye cy'umuburo.
Wibuke ko mu bihe bikomeye, EVALI ishobora gutera urupfu . Ntukirengagize ibi bimenyetso by'umuburo.
Ni iki gitera EVALI?
Impamvu nyamukuru ni ikoreshwa ry'itabi ry'ikoranabuhanga n'ikoreshwa ry'imyanda iva mu mwukaNubwo abashakashatsi bagikomeje kwiga imiti yihariye iri mu mazi ya e-liquids itera ubu bubyimba , hari isano ikomeye iri hagati ya Vitamine E acetate .
Vitamine E acetate ni ubwoko bwa Vitamine E ikorwa mu buryo bwa sintetike. Bamwe mu bakora bayishyira mu bintu birimo THC (ikinyabutabire gitera uburwayi bwo mu mutwe mu rumogi). Nubwo Vitamine E acetate muri rusange iba ifite umutekano iyo uyinyoye cyangwa uyikoresheje mu mavuta yo mu bwoko bwa topical, kuyihumeka nk'umwuka ushyushye bishobora kwangiza cyane ibihaha byawe.
Ese EVALI ishobora gukira?
Nubwo hakiri kwigwa ku birebana n’igihe kirekire cy’uburwayi, ibimenyetso bihari bigaragaza ko iyo uhagaritse kunywa itabi ako kanya ugashaka ubuvuzi bwihuse, ibyangiritse mu bihaha bivuye kuri EVALI bishobora gukemurwa no kunozwa. Gufata ingamba zihuse ni ngombwa kugira ngo ukire.
Ni nde uri mu kaga gakomeye ko kwandura EVALI?
Umuntu wese unywa itabi ry’umuti (vape) aba afite ibyago byo kwandura EVALI. Ariko, hari abantu bamwe na bamwe bafite ibyago byinshi byo kurwara indwara ikomeye ku buryo yagombye kuba yajya mu bitaro, harimo:
- Abantu bari munsi y'imyaka 35 , nk'uko bikunze kugaragara mu rubyiruko.
- Abakoresha vepe irimo THC.
- Abakoresha babona ibinyobwa biva mu mwuka biva mu buryo butemewe cyangwa butemewe n'amategeko (nk'amasoko yo kuri interineti cyangwa inshuti). Ibi bicuruzwa bishobora kuba birimo inyongera zitazwi kandi zangiza.
EVALI ipimwa ite?
Gusuzuma EVALI bishobora kugorana kuko ibimenyetso byayo bihurirana n'ibindi bibazo byinshi by'ibihaha nka asima na pneumonia. Muganga azasuzuma amateka yawe yose y'ubuzima kandi agukorere isuzuma ry'umubiri , ririmo gukoresha stethoscope kugira ngo yumve ibihaha byawe (auscultation). Bashobora kandi kukubaza ibibazo byihariye, nko:
- Ni ibihe bimenyetso uri kubona?
- Unywa vape?
- Ese wakoresheje itabi ry'amazi mu mezi atatu ashize?
- Ese unywa nikotine, THC, cyangwa byombi?
- Ni hehe wakuye e-liquid yawe (farumasi, inshuti, kuri interineti)?
Gutanga amakuru nyayo kandi y’ukuri ni ingenzi cyane, kuko bituma muganga wawe ashobora gusuzuma neza. Hashobora kuba ngombwa ko hakorwa ibindi bipimo kugira ngo hemezwe indwara.
Ni ibihe bizamini bikoreshwa mu kumenya EVALI?
Kugira ngo wemeze ko EVALI yanduye, muganga wawe ashobora gutegeka ibipimo bikurikira:
- Kugenzura urugero rwa ogisijeni mu maraso : Iki kizamini gipima ingano ya ogisijeni mu maraso yawe. Urugero rwa ogisijeni nke rushobora kugaragaza ko ibihaha byangiritse. Ibi bishobora gukorwa binyuze mu gupima amaraso cyangwa igikoresho gito, kidatera ububabare gishyizwe ku rutoki rwawe cyitwa pulse oximetry.
- Ibizamini byo gupima: Ubu buryo bworoshye kandi butababaza butuma abaganga babona ibyangiritse mu bihaha. Ushobora gupimwa X-ray mu gituza cyangwa gupimwa na CT scan.
- Ibizamini by'imikorere y'ibihaha (PFTs): Ibi bizamini bipima uburyo ibihaha byawe bikora neza. Bipima uburyo ushobora guhumeka cyane n'uburyo ushobora gusohora umwuka cyane.
EVALI ivurwa ite?
Kubera ko ibimenyetso bya EVALI bisa n'iby'indwara z'ibihaha, muganga wawe ashobora kubanza kukwandikira imiti igabanya ubukana cyangwa imiti igabanya ubukana bw'indwara kugira ngo amenye neza ko nta ndwara ufite. Uretse ibi, gahunda yawe yo kuvura muri Nirogi Lanka ishobora kuba ikubiyemo:
- Corticosteroids: Iyi miti ikoreshwa mu kugabanya ububyimbirwe (kubyimba) mu bihaha. Ishobora gutangwa binyuze mu ihumeka cyangwa nk'umwuka unyuze muri nebulizer.
- Ubuvuzi bwa ogisijeni: Ibi bitanga ogisijeni y'inyongera, akenshi itangwa binyuze mu kanula yo mu mazuru—umuyoboro muto woroshye ushyirwa mu mazuru yawe uhujwe n'isoko ya ogisijeni.
- Guhumeka hakoreshejwe ikoranabuhanga: Mu bihe bikomeye bya EVALI, ushobora gukenera icyuma gihumeka kugira ngo kigufashe guhumeka, haba igice cyangwa igice cyose.
Nzumva meze neza nyuma y'igihe kingana iki nyuma yo gutangira kuvurwa?
Abantu benshi batangira kumva baruhutse mu minsi mike uhereye igihe batangiriye kuvurwa na EVALI. Ariko, gusubira mu mirimo yabo ya buri munsi bishobora gufata igihe. Muganga wawe azaguha igihe cyo gukira.
Ni iki nkwiye kwitega mu gihe mfite EVALI?
Kubera ko EVALI ari indwara nshya, ingaruka z'igihe kirekire ziracyari kwigwaho. Hari abantu bashobora kugira ibimenyetso bigaruka ndetse na nyuma yo kurangiza kuvurwa. Kubwibyo, kwitabira gahunda zawe zo gukurikirana ni ingenzi cyane. Muganga wawe ashobora kukwohereza kwa muganga w’indwara z’ibihaha—inzobere yibanda ku gusuzuma no kuvura indwara z’ibihaha n’iz’uburyo bw’ubuhumekero.
Ese EVALI ishobora kwirindwa?
Yego rwose! Uburyo bwiza bwo kwirinda EVALI ni ukwirinda burundu ibicuruzwa biva mu mwuka , cyane cyane ibirimo THC cyangwa Vitamine E acetate. Niba uva mu mwuka, gura gusa ibicuruzwa ku bacuruzi bemewe kandi bemewe. Irinde gukoresha ibicuruzwa bitagenzurwa bitazwi inkomoko cyangwa ibibigize.
Nkwiye kwiyitaho nte niba mfite EVALI?
Niba usanzwe urwaye EVALI, itsinda ry’abaganga bo muri Nirogi Lanka rizagukorera gahunda y’ubuvuzi yihariye. Ni ngombwa ko ufata imiti yose wahawe n’abaganga nk’uko byategetswe.
Byongeye kandi, umuganga wawe ashobora kugufasha kureka kunywa itabi . Ingamba nyinshi zikoreshwa mu kureka kunywa itabi nazo ni ingirakamaro cyane mu kunywa itabi. Baza umuganga wawe gahunda zigufasha kurireka.
Ni ryari ngomba kujya kwa muganga?
Niba unywa itabi ukagira ibimenyetso bya EVALI—nk'ububabare mu gatuza, guhumeka nabi, cyangwa inkorora idashira— hita ubonana na muganga . Niba ibimenyetso bigarutse nyuma yo kuvurwa, hamagara umuganga wawe ako kanya. Komeza kwitabira gahunda zose zo gukurikirana imikorere y'ibihaha byawe n'urugero rwa ogisijeni mu maraso.
Ni ryari nkwiye kujya mu cyumba cy’ubutabazi bw’ibanze (ER)?
Niba wumva urimo kugorwa no guhumeka cyangwa ufite ikibazo gikomeye mu gatuza, hamagara 911 (cyangwa inomero y'ubutabazi bw'ibanze yo mu gace utuyemo) ako kanya, cyangwa ujye mu ishami rishinzwe ubutabazi bw'ibanze ryo mu bitaro biri hafi yawe. Ntutinde gushaka ubuvuzi bw'ibanze.
Ni ibihe bibazo ngomba kubaza muganga wanjye?
Iyo ugiye kwa muganga wawe, tekereza kubaza ibibazo bikurikira:
- Ni gute indwara yanjye ya EVALI yemejwe?
- Ese hari icyangiritse burundu mu bihaha byanjye?
- Ni gute nshobora kwitega gukira vuba?
- Nkwiye gukora iki ibimenyetso byanjye bigarutse?
- Ni kangahe nzakenera gahunda zo gukurikirana?
- Ese ushobora gutanga inama yo guhagarika kunywa itabi cyangwa kunywa itabi cyangwa itsinda rishinzwe gufasha?
Namenya nte ko kunywa itabi ry'imyanda biri kugira ingaruka ku bihaha byanjye?
Iyo ukoresheje umwuka uhumye ukabona ibimenyetso by'ubuhumekero nko gukorora, guhumeka, cyangwa kubabara mu gatuza, ibihaha byawe bishobora kugira ingaruka. Niba ufite indwara za kera nka asima, gukoresha umwuka uhumye bishobora kongera ibimenyetso by'uburwayi bwawe.
Bifata igihe kingana iki kugira ngo kunywa itabi ry’umwuka bigire ingaruka ku bihaha?
Ubushakashatsi bumwe bwerekana ko imvune y'ibihaha ishobora gutangira nyuma y'iminsi itatu gusa unywa itabi . Nubwo wanywa itabi rimwe na rimwe, ingaruka ziracyari nini.
Ubutumwa bwo kujyana mu rugo
EVALI ni indwara ikomeye itera kubyimba kw'imitsi y'ibihaha. Niba unywa itabi—ndetse na gake—ukagaragaza ibimenyetso bya EVALI, shaka ubufasha kwa muganga cyangwa ujye mu cyumba cy’ubutabazi bwihuse . Abarwayi benshi batangira kumva bameze neza mu minsi mike uhereye igihe batangiriye kuvurwa.
Ubutumwa bw'ingenzi ni ubu: niba utaranywa itabi, ntugatangire. Niba usanzwe unywa itabi, hari abaganga bo muri Nirogi Lanka biteguye kugufasha kurireka. Ntutindiganye gusaba ubufasha. Ubuzima bw'ibihaha byawe ni ingenzi cyane.
