Dementia ni iki? Reka tuvuge ku bwoko butandukanye bw'iyi ndwara.

Ese wigeze ubona ko umuntu ugeze mu za bukuru mu rugo rwawe, wenda nyoko, so, nyogokuru cyangwa nyirasenge, atandukanye na mbere? Ushobora kuba warabonye ko rimwe na rimwe yibagirwa ibintu, akazimira ahantu asanzwe azi, cyangwa akitwara nabi kurusha uko yabikoraga mbere. Akenshi tubyirengagiza nkaho "uko bimeze iyo ugeze mu za bukuru." Ariko, si ko bigenda buri gihe. Hari igihe ibi bimenyetso bishobora kuba ikimenyetso cya mbere cy'indwara yo mu bwonko yitwa dementia. Uyu munsi rero tugiye kuganira kuri ibi.

Mu by'ukuri indwara ya Dementia ni iki?

Mu magambo make, indwara yo kwiheba si indwara imwe. Ni nk'umutaka. Munsi y'uyu mutaka, hari indwara nyinshi zigira ingaruka ku mikorere y'ubwonko, cyane cyane kwibuka, ubushobozi bwo gutekereza, n'imyitwarire. Izi ndwara zishobora kwiyongera buhoro buhoro uko igihe kigenda gihita. Ariko inkuru nziza ni uko iyo indwara ivuwe hakiri kare kandi igakira neza, umuvuduko w'indwara urushaho kwiyongera ushobora kugenzurwa.

Dementia ishobora kugabanywamo ibyiciro bitatu by'ingenzi:

1. Dementia y'ibanze: Aha, dementia ni yo ndwara nyamukuru. Ntabwo iba nk'ingaruka mbi z'indi ndwara.

2. Kwibagirwa indwara ya kabiri: Iki ni cyo gihe ibimenyetso by’indwara ya dementia bivuka bitewe n’indi ndwara, nko kurwara indwara yo mu bwonko.

3. Dementia ishobora kuvugururwa: Hari igihe, impamvu yoroshye, nko kubura vitamine, ishobora gutera ibimenyetso bisa n'ibyo dementia ifata. Ibi bimenyetso birashira iyo impamvu imaze kuvurwa.

Ubwoko busanzwe bw'indwara yo kwiheba

Reka turebe ubwoko bw'indwara yo kwibagirwa ikunze kugaragara. Uburyo wowe cyangwa uwo ukunda avura buzaterwa n'ubwoko bw'indwara ufite.

Indwara ya Alzheimer

Ubu ni bwo bwoko bukunze kugaragara mu mutwe iyo abantu benshi batekereje ku ndwara yo kwibagirwa. Abantu bagera kuri 70% bafite indwara yo kwibagirwa ku isi yose barwaye iyi ndwara. Nubwo impamvu nyayo itera indwara ya Alzheimer itaramenyekana, bikekwa ko gusaza, imiterere y’uturemangingo, ibintu bifitanye isano n’ibidukikije, n’imibereho (imirire, ibitotsi, nibindi) bigira uruhare. Iyo urebye ku isuzuma ry’ubwonko, ushobora kubona impinduka zidasanzwe abaganga bita "plaques and tangles."

Kwibagirwa imitsi y'amaraso

Ubu ni bwo bwoko bwa kabiri bukunze kugaragara cyane. Impamvu nyamukuru ibitera ni ukubura uburyo amaraso atembera mu bwonko. Ibi byago byiyongera iyo umuntu arwaye indwara nk'umuvuduko ukabije w'amaraso, cholesterol, diyabete, indwara z'umutima, cyangwa indwara zo mu bwonko. Aho gutangirira ku bibazo byo kwibuka nka Alzheimer, ubu bwoko bukunze gutangirira ku ngorane zo gutegura, gutegura no gufata ibyemezo .

Ibiranga rusange:

• Ibimenyetso bisa n'indwara yo mu bwonko (urugero, kugorwa no kuvuga).
• Kurakara cyangwa kujijisha byoroshye, cyane cyane nijoro.
• Guhindura uburyo bwo kugenda (urugero: gukurura amaguru hasi aho kugenda ushinze ibirenge hasi).
• Gutakaza uburinganire bw'umubiri.
• Kumva ukeneye kwihutira kunyara.

Indwara yo mu mutwe (Dementia) ifite imibiri ya Lewy (DLB)

Lewy bodies ni ubwoko bwa poroteyine ihurira hagati y’uturemangingo tw’ubwonko. Ibangamira itumanaho hagati y’uturemangingo. Ikintu kiranga iyi ndwara ni ubushobozi bwo kubona ibintu bitahari (visual hallucinations) .

Ibindi bintu:

• Kugorwa no gutekereza no kwibanda ku kintu runaka.
• Kumva cyangwa guhumurirwa ibintu bitariho.
• Kuvuga, kugenda, no gutera imigeri mu nzozi.
• Ibimenyetso bisa n'indwara ya Parkinson, nko gutitira k'umubiri cyangwa kugenda buhoro.

Indwara yo kwibagirwa indwara ya Parkinson (PDD)

Indwara ya Parkinson ni indwara igira ingaruka ku mikorere y'ubwonko. Abantu bagera kuri 50% barwaye iyi ndwara bagira impinduka mu kwibuka no mu mitekerereze uko igihe kigenda gihita. Ibi bisa cyane na DLB.

Ibimenyetso birimo ibibazo byo kwibuka by'igihe gito cyangwa kirekire, impinduka mu byiyumvo, n'imyizerere idasanzwe (urugero, gutekereza ko hari umuntu ugerageza kukugirira nabi).

Ubundi bwoko bw'indwara yo kwibagirwa

Uretse ubwoko bwavuzwe haruguru, hari ubundi bwoko bwinshi bw'indwara yo kwiheba.

Indwara yo kwiheba ivanze

Hari abantu bashobora kuba bafite ubwoko burenze bumwe bwa dementia. Urugero, bashobora kuba bafite indwara ya Alzheimer ndetse n'indwara ya dementia y'imitsi. Muri ibyo bihe, ibimenyetso bishobora kuba bigoye, bigatuma gusuzuma no kuvura bigorana.

Indwara yo kwibagirwa imbere n'imbere (FTD)

Muri iki kibazo, uturemangingo two mu bice by'imbere n'iby'impande by'ubwonko turangirika. Ibi bice bigenzura imyitwarire yacu, imico yacu, imvugo yacu, n'ingendo zacu. Kubwibyo, aba barwayi bashobora kubona impinduka zikomeye mu miterere yabo n'imyitwarire yabo . Urugero, bashobora kwitwara mu muryango nta soni, kandi bashobora kuvuga icyo ari cyo cyose kije mu mutwe.

Indwara yo kwiheba mu gihe cy'ubugimbi

Ubusanzwe indwara ya Dementia yibasira abantu bakuze, ariko kandi ishobora no kwibasira abantu bari munsi y'imyaka 65. Ibi byitwa 'dementia y'abakiri bato'. Kubura kwibuka bishobora kuba kimwe mu bimenyetso bya mbere kuri aba bantu. Niba ufite iyi ndwara, ni ngombwa cyane kujya kwa muganga vuba bishoboka.

Izindi moko adasanzwe

Hariho ubundi bwoko bwinshi budasanzwe bw'indwara yo kwiheba.

• Indwara ya Huntington: Iyi ni indwara iterwa n'uturemangingo.
• Indwara ya Creutzfeldt-Jakob: Indwara idakunze kugaragara kandi ikwirakwira vuba iterwa na poroteyine zidasanzwe zitwa "prions."
• Hydrocephalus isanzwe y'umuvuduko (NPH): Indwara iterwa no kudakwirakwira neza kw'amazi yo mu bwonko (CSF). Ibimenyetso akenshi bishobora koroherwa no kubagwa no gukuraho amazi arenze urugero hakoreshejwe shunt.
• Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome (WKS): Indwara iterwa no kubura thiamine (vitamine B1), cyane cyane ku bantu banywa inzoga nyinshi.
• Gutekereza ku buzima bifitanye isano na virusi itera SIDA: Bishobora guterwa na virusi itera SIDA yanduza ubwonko.
• Indwara yo mu bwonko itera indwara z’ihungabana idakira (CTE):Indwara ishobora guterwa n'imvune zo mu mutwe zigaruka kenshi (urugero: abakinnyi, abasirikare).

Niba ukeka ko wowe cyangwa umuntu wo mu muryango wawe afite kimwe muri ibi bimenyetso, nyamuneka ntukirengagize. Shaka muganga wujuje ibisabwa vuba bishoboka kugira ngo akugire inama. Ushobora koherezwa kwa muganga w’indwara zo mu bwonko. Gusuzuma indwara hakiri kare no kuyivura bishobora gutuma ubuzima bwawe burushaho kuba bwiza.