Ese indwara ya Alzheimer ni indwara umuntu avukana mu mizi? Reka turebe neza icyo ari cyo.

Ese hari umuntu wo mu muryango wawe, wenda mama wawe, so, cyangwa nyogokuru wawe, sogokuru wawe, ufite indwara ya Alzheimer? Iyo ibyo bibaye, ni ibisanzwe kumva ufite ubwoba bwinshi n'imihangayiko, ukibaza uti "Ese, iyi ndwara nanjye nzayirwara?", "Ese ibi ni ibintu bikunze kubaho mu muryango?" Abahanga mu bya siyansi baracyagerageza kumenya impamvu nyayo y'indwara ya Alzheimer. Ariko ikintu kimwe kirasobanutse, ni uko iyi ndwara ifite isano n'uturemangingo twacu. None rero uyu munsi, reka tuganire ku isano iri hagati y'indwara ya Alzheimer n'uturemangingo twacu.

Reka tubanze turebe, izi gene ni izihe?

Mu magambo make, imiterere y’uturemangingo ni igishushanyo mbonera cy’umubiri wacu kandi kikawugenzura. Kimwe n’igishushanyo mbonera cy’umubiri ushushanya mbere yo kubaka inzu. Ibara ry’amaso yawe n’imiterere y’umusatsi wawe ntibigaragaza gusa ko ushobora gufatwa n’indwara zimwe na zimwe, ahubwo binagaragaza ko ushobora gufatwa n’indwara zimwe na zimwe.

Tubona izi genes ku babyeyi bacu. Zibikwa mu bintu byitwa chromosomes mu turemangingo tw'umubiri wacu. Umuntu muzima agira chromosomes 23, cyangwa 46 zose hamwe. Ubusanzwe, tubona imwe muri buri chromosomes, imwe iva kuri mama wacu n'indi iva kuri data. Nguko uko tubona imico y'ababyeyi bacu.

Alzheimer na genes bya nyuma y'igihe gito

Ku bijyanye n'indwara ya Alzheimer, hari ubwoko bubiri bw'ingenzi. Bumwe ni bwo bukunze kugaragara cyane, bukunze kubaho nyuma y'imyaka 65. Iyi ndwara yitwa Late-Onset Alzheimer's.

Abashakashatsi bavumbuye gene yongera ibyago byo kurwara iyi ndwara ya Alzheimer. Iherereye kuri chromosome 19 yacu. Iyi gene yitwa APOE gene . Hari ubwoko butandukanye bw'iyi gene ya APOE. Muri bo, umuntu ufite ubwo bwoko bwitwa APOE4 afite ibyago byinshi byo kurwara indwara ya Alzheimer kurusha izindi. Ibi byemejwe n'ubushakashatsi bwinshi bwakozwe hirya no hino ku isi.

Reka tuvuge kuri Alzheimer yo mu ntangiriro z'ikiruhuko cy'izabukuru

Iyi ni indi ndwara ya Alzheimer. Ni gake cyane. Muri iki gihe, ibimenyetso bigaragara mu bwana, nko mu myaka ya za 30, 40, cyangwa 50. Kubera ko ikunze kwibasira abantu benshi bo mu muryango, yitwa kandi indwara ya Alzheimer yo mu muryango itangira hakiri kare.

Abashakashatsi basuzumye ADN y’imiryango nk’iyo basanze ifite impinduka zimwe na zimwe mu turemangingo twa chromosomes 1, 14, na 21. Izi mpinduka mu turemangingo ni zo zituma barwara iyi ndwara bakiri bato.

Down syndrome na Alzheimer's

Aha tugomba kuvuga by’umwihariko kuri chromosome 21. Ushobora kuba warumvise indwara yitwa Down syndrome. Bafite kopi y’inyongera ya chromosome 21 kurusha umuntu usanzwe. Igitangaje ni uko abantu bafite Down syndrome bakura, benshi muri bo barwara indwara ya Alzheimer. Uturemangingo tw’ubwonko bwabo natwo tugaragaza ibyangiritse nk’uko bigaragara ku barwayi ba Alzheimer. Abahanga mu bya siyansi baracyakora ubushakashatsi ku isano iri hagati y’izi ndwara zombi.

Imbonerahamwe iri hepfo ishobora kugusobanurira neza ubwo bwoko bubiri bwa Alzheimer.

Ese ibizamini by’uturemangingo bikorerwa ku ndwara ya Alzheimer?

Iki ni ikibazo abantu benshi bibaza. Yego, ikizamini cy'amaraso gishobora kukubwira ubwoko bwa APOE gene ufite. Ariko ibisubizo by'icyo kizamini ntibikwereka niba uzarwara Alzheimer cyangwa utazarwara. Niyo mpamvu ibi bizamini bikoreshwa cyane mu bushakashatsi.

Abaganga ntibakunze gutanga inama yo gupima indwara ya Alzheimer iterwa n’uturemangingo.Kuko, ibisubizo bishobora gutera imihangayiko no kwiheba bitari ngombwa. Tekereza, uramutse umenye ko ufite gene ya APOE4, wahorana ubwoba nubwo ushobora kutarwara iyo ndwara. Ibyo si byiza.

Ariko, niba abantu benshi bo mu muryango wawe barwaye iyi ndwara bakiri bato kandi nawe ukaba ufite ibimenyetso bisa, muganga wawe ashobora kukugira inama yo gupima ubu bwoko bw'indwara ya Alzheimer kugira ngo yemeze ko indwara ya Alzheimer itangiye hakiri kare. Ariko, ibuka ko akenshi, muganga ashobora gusuzuma indwara ya Alzheimer adakoresheje ibizamini by'uturemangingo.

Ni izihe nyungu dukura mu bushakashatsi kuri izi gene?

Abahanga mu bya siyansi bizera ko hashobora kuba hari izindi ngirabuzimafatizo nyinshi zigize indwara ya Alzheimer. Kubona izi ngirabuzimafatizo bizaduha inyungu nyinshi nziza mu gihe kizaza.

• Gusobanukirwa neza iyi ndwara: Ubu bushakashatsi budufasha gusobanukirwa impamvu bamwe barwara iyi ndwara n'impamvu igira ingaruka ku bantu batandukanye mu buryo butandukanye.
• Kumenya abafite ibyago byinshi byo kurwara iyi ndwara: Iyo abantu bafite ibyago byinshi byo kurwara iyi ndwara bamenyekanye hakiri kare, bashobora guhabwa inama n'ubuvuzi bukenewe kugira ngo birinde iyi ndwara.
• Uburyo bushya bwo kuvura burashobora gukorwa: Kumenya neza imiterere y’uturemangingo itera indwara bituma abashakashatsi borohereza kubona imiti mishya kandi ikora neza igamije kuyivura.

Rero, ingirabuzimafatizo ni kimwe mu bintu bigoye kumenya bya Alzheimer. Hari ibintu byinshi bigira ingaruka kuri zo, nko mu mibereho yacu, ibyo turya, n'ingaruka ku bidukikije.