Ese wigeze utanga amaraso? Ubusanzwe, iyo dutanze amaraso, dutanga icyitegererezo cy'amaraso yose. Ariko se wari uzi ko hari uburyo bwihariye bwo kuvura bwitwa Apheresis—rimwe na rimwe bwitwa pheresis—butuma dutandukanya ibice byihariye by'amaraso yawe, nk'uturemangingo dutukura, uturemangingo twera, cyangwa uduce duto tw'amaraso, cyangwa se tukavanaho ibintu byangiza bigira uruhare mu ndwara zimwe na zimwe? Muri Nirogi Lanka, turashaka kugufasha gusobanukirwa ubu buryo butangaje bwo kuvura.
Apheresis ni iki mu by'ukuri?
Tekereza nko gutandukanya amata y'inkoko n'amazi menshi nyuma yo kuyakanda. Apheresis ikora kimwe. Imashini yihariye ikoresha centrifuge ikura amaraso yawe ikayazunguza ku muvuduko wo hejuru kugira ngo iyatandukanye mu bice byayo bitandukanye.
Iyo tumaze gutandukana, dukusanya gusa igice gikenewe (urugero, plaquettes nzima) hanyuma tugasubiza amaraso asigaye mu mubiri wawe. Ubu buryo bukoreshwa ahanini mu mpamvu ebyiri:
1. Gutanga Amaraso: Gutanga gusa ibice byihariye umurwayi akeneye, nk'uturemangingo dutukura tw'amaraso, plaquettes, cyangwa plasma.
2. Nk'Ubuvuzi: Gukuraho ibice by'amaraso bidasanzwe cyangwa byangiza (nk'uturemangingo twa kanseri ) bitera indwara mu mubiri wawe.
Ni ubuhe bwoko bw'ingenzi bwa Apheresis?
Ubu buvuzi bujyanye n'ibyo ukeneye byihariye. Reba imbonerahamwe iri hepfo kugira ngo usobanukirwe ubwoko butandukanye bw'indwara.
| Ubwoko bwa Apheresis | Icyo ikora |
|---|---|
| Leukapheresis | Gukuraho uturemangingo tw’amaraso tw’umweru twangiza cyane mu maraso yawe kugira ngo ugabanye ibimenyetso. |
| Gukusanya uturemangingo tw'amaraso two ku ruhande rw'umubiri | Gukusanya uturemangingo tw’umubiri tudakuze mu maraso kugira ngo dutere uturemangingo tw’umubiri. |
| Fotoferesi | Gukuraho ubwoko runaka bw'uturemangingo tw'amaraso tw'umweru twitwa lymphocytes, tukabishyira ku rumuri rwa UVA kugira ngo twongere imikorere yatwo, hanyuma tukabisubiza mu mubiri kugira ngo birwanye uturemangingo twa kanseri cyangwa virusi. |
| Plasmapheresis (ihindagurika rya plasma) | Gukuraho igice cy'amazi mu maraso yawe (plasma) ugasimbuza plasma nzima cyangwa ikindi kintu gisimbura amazi kugira ngo uvure indwara zitandukanye zikomeye. |
| Kugabanuka kw'imitsi yo mu bwoko bwa platelet | Gukuraho platelets zirenze urugero mu gihe umubiri wawe ufite umubare munini cyane. |
| Ihererekanya ry'uturemangingo dutukura mu maraso | Gukuraho uturemangingo dutukura tutameze neza cyangwa tudasanzwe (urugero, muri sickle cell anemia) no kubisimbuza uturemangingo dutukura tw’amaraso twatanzwe n’abatanga uturemangingo. |
Ni izihe ndwara ubu buvuzi bukoreshwa?
Apheresis ni igikoresho cy'ingenzi mu kuvura no gucunga indwara nyinshi. Urugero, ku bantu bakorerwa imiti ivura indwara nyinshi, dushobora gusarura uturemangingo twawe tw’umubiri dufite ubuzima bwiza dukoresheje ubu buryo kugira ngo tubike neza kandi tugusubize nyuma yo kuvurwa.
Ikoreshwa cyane cyane muri ibi bikurikira:
Kanseri z'amaraso
- Leukemia y'imitsi ikabije
- Ubwoko bumwe na bumwe bwa lymphoma
- Myeloma nyinshi
- Waldenstrom macroglobulinemia
Izindi ndwara z'amaraso
- Anemia y'uturemangingo tw'umutsima
- Cryoglobulinemie
- Indwara ya thrombocytopenic purpura
Indwara z'ubwonko
- Indwara ya Guillain-Barré
- Sclerosis nyinshi
- Myasthenia gravis
Byongeye kandi, apheresis ikoreshwa mu kuvura kwangwa kw'ingingo ziterwa ndetse n'indwara ya Graft vs. Hosted.
Nkwiye kwitegura nte?
Kubera ko ubu buryo bukoreshwa kubera impamvu zitandukanye, imyiteguro iratandukanye kuri buri murwayi. Icy'ingenzi ni ugukurikiza neza amabwiriza ya muganga wawe. Muganga wawe azagusobanurira igihe ubu buryo buzamara n'ingamba zihariye ugomba gufata mbere y'igihe.
Urugero, niba utanga uturemangingo fatizo (stem sel) mu maraso yawe, ushobora gukenera gufata imiti iminsi mike mbere y’uko igikorwa gikorwa kugira ngo ufashe kurekura uturemangingo fatizo mu maraso yawe.
Muri rusange, birasabwa cyane kuguma ufite amazi menshi unywa amazi menshi mu minsi ibanziriza kuvurwa kwawe.
Ni iki kibaho mu gihe cyo gukoresha Apheresis?
Nubwo bishobora kumvikana nk'ibiteye ubwoba, inzira irakora neza cyane kandi ikorwa mu buryo butuma uhora wumva umerewe neza uko bishoboka kose.
- Ubwa mbere, uzicara cyangwa usabwe kuryama mu ntebe cyangwa ku buriri bwiza.
- Hanyuma, abaganga bacu bazashyiramo uturemangingo tubiri duto mu mitsi yo mu maboko yawe yombi. Buri rushinge rufatanye na catheter , ari wo muyoboro muto kandi woroshye.
- Amaraso azakurwa buhoro buhoro mu kuboko kumwe maze akajyanwa mu mashini yihariye, itandukanya neza ibice bitandukanye by'amaraso yawe.
- Iyo ibice by'ingenzi bimaze gukusanywa, amaraso asigaye asubizwa mu mubiri wawe mu mutekano binyuze mu muyoboro uri mu kuboko kwawe ukundi.
Muri iki gikorwa, ufite uburenganzira bwo gusoma igitabo, kumva umuziki, cyangwa kuruhuka gusa. Nta mpamvu yo guhangayika, kuko abakozi bacu b'abaganga bazaba bari iruhande rwawe mu gihe cyose cy'igikorwa.
Ni izihe ngaruka zishobora guterwa n'ubu buvuzi?
Nkuko bigenda ku buvuzi ubwo aribwo bwose, hari ingaruka ntoya, nubwo zidakunze kubaho. Inyinshi muri zo ni ntoya. Byongeye kandi, kubera ko itsinda ryacu ry’abaganga rigukurikiranira hafi mu gihe cyose cy’inama, bashobora gukemura ikibazo icyo ari cyo cyose iyo kivutse.
| Ingaruka/Ingorane | Mu magambo yoroshye... |
|---|---|
| Umuvuduko ukabije w'amaraso (Hypertension) | Kubera ko hari amaraso aba ari hanze y'umubiri wawe kandi hagakoreshwa imiti igabanya amaraso, umuvuduko w'amaraso yawe ushobora kugabanuka gato, ibyo bikaba byatuma wumva umeze nk'ufite isereri. |
| Hypocalcemia (Ingano nke ya kalisiyumu) | Ibiyobyabwenge bikoreshwa mu gukumira kuvura amaraso bishobora kugabanya by'agateganyo urugero rwa kalisiyumu mu mubiri wawe, bishobora gutera gushyuha ku minwa yawe cyangwa mu maguru yawe. |
| Kuva amaraso | Ushobora kuva amaraso make aho urushinge rwashyizwe. |
| Kwandura | Nubwo ari gake cyane, hari ibyago bike byo kwandura aho urushinge rushyirwa. |
| Kwangirika kw'imitsi | Ni gake cyane, igitutu ku mitsi mu gihe cyo gushyiramo urushinge gishobora gutera ububabare bw'igihe gito cyangwa intege nke. |
Wibuke ko izi ngorane zidakunze kubaho. Niba wumva umerewe nabi, ufite ibinya cyangwa uzumva, nyamuneka menyesha abaganga ako kanya.
Ni ryari nkwiye kuvugana na muganga wanjye?
Nyuma yo kuvurwa, ubusanzwe ushobora gusubira mu mirimo yawe ya buri munsi. Muganga wawe azagusobanurira ibimenyetso bito ugomba kwitega nyuma yo kuvurwa. Niba ibimenyetso byawe bisa n'ibikomeye kurusha ibyavuzwe, cyangwa niba ufite impungenge cyangwa gushidikanya, nyamuneka hamagara muganga wawe ako kanya.
Ubutumwa bwo kujyana mu rugo
- Apheresis ni uburyo bwihariye bwo kwa muganga bukoreshwa mu gutandukanya ibice runaka n'amaraso yawe.
- Ikoreshwa haba mu gutanga ibice by'amaraso cyangwa nk'uburyo bwo kuvura kugira ngo ikureho ibintu byangiza.
- Ubu buryo ni bwiza cyane kandi bugenzurwa n'abaganga, bityo nta mpamvu yo guhangayika bitari ngombwa.
- Nyamuneka kurikiza amabwiriza ya muganga wawe witonze mbere na nyuma yo kuvurwa.
- Niba ugize ikibazo icyo ari cyo cyose mu gihe cyo kuvurwa cyangwa nyuma yaho, menyesha itsinda ry’abaganga cyangwa muganga wawe ako kanya.
