Buri mubyeyi na se bose bagira ubwoba iyo babonye umwana uvutse ahinduka ubururu gato kandi akagira ikibazo cyo guhumeka. Hari igihe impamvu y'ibi iba ari ikibazo cy'umutima wavukanye. Iyo abaganga bakubwira ikibazo cy'umutima w'umwana wawe kandi ko bagomba kumukorera 'Arterial Switch', ni ibisanzwe kumva umutwaro n'ubwoba bikomeye. Ariko ntugatinye. Uyu munsi, turaganira kuri ibi mu buryo bworoshye cyane kugira ngo usobanukirwe kandi ubone ibisubizo by'ibibazo byinshi biri mu mutwe wawe.
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Uku kubaga Arterial Switch ni iki?
Mu magambo make, guhindura imitsi mu mitsi ni igikorwa kidasanzwe, ariko cy’ingenzi cyane, gikorerwa abana bavutse. Bisaba kongera gushyira imitsi ibiri y’ingenzi mu mutima w’umwana, aorta n’imitsi y’ibihaha mu mwanya wayo usanzwe.
Tekereza ku mibiri yacu nk'uburyo bw'imiyoboro. Iyo imiyoboro idahuye n'ahantu habi, ibintu bishobora kugenda nabi. Umuganga ubaga ahuza imiyoboro y'amaraso y'umwana n'umutima w'ibumoso n'imitsi y'ibihaha n'umutima w'iburyo. Ubu buryo bwo kubaga bukunze gukorwa mu byumweru bibiri bya mbere umwana avutse.
Ni ubuhe bwoko bw'indwara iyi operation ivura?
Ubu buryo bwo kubaga buvura indwara y'umutima yavutse yitwa d-transposition of the great arteries (D-TGA) , aho imiyoboro ibiri y'amaraso iva mu mutima ihurira ahantu hadakwiye igihe cyo kuvuka.
Muri D-TGA, amaraso adasukuye kandi adahumeka neza azenguruka umubiri wose aho kujya mu bihaha kugira ngo asukurwe. Mu buryo nk'ubwo, amaraso akungahaye kuri ogisijeni ava mu bihaha asubira mu bihaha aho kujya mu mubiri. Ibi bibuza umwana kubona ogisijeni akeneye.
Kubaga Arterial Switch bikosora iki kibazo. Ibi bituma amaraso y'umwana atembera neza, umwuka wa ogisijeni ugasubira ku rugero rusanzwe, kandi imikorere y'umutima ikarushaho kuba myiza. Uku kubaga guha umwana wawe amahirwe akomeye yo gukura akaba umuntu mukuru muzima.
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Abaganga bakora ibintu bitandukanye kugira ngo bafashe umwana kumererwa neza mbere yo kubagwa no guha umubiri umwuka mwiza uhagije ushoboka.
- Septostomy: Ubu buryo ni ubw'igihe gito. Hagati y'ibyumba by'umutima hakorwa umwobo muto kugira ngo amaraso amwe afite ogisijeni yivange n'amaraso make afite ogisijeni.
- Akamashini gafasha guhumeka: Gafatanyijwe n'imashini kugira ngo byorohereze umwana guhumeka.
- Imiti: Imiti nka Prostaglandin' itangwa kugira ngo imiyoboro y'amaraso ikomeze gufungura no kongera uburyo umwuka wa ogisijeni utembera mu mubiri.
Nanone, mu kwitegura kubagwa, hakorwa ibizamini byinshi bitababaza, nko gupima umutima (echocardiogram), gupima X-ray mu gituza, na EKG (electrocardiogram) kugira ngo harebwe ingano n'imikorere y'umutima w'umwana.
Ni iki kibaho mu gihe cyo kubagwa?
Ubu ni uburyo bugoye bwo kubaga butwara amasaha menshi. Reka dusobanukirwe neza ibiba muri ibi.
| Intambwe y'Ibikorwa | Mu magambo yoroshye... |
|---|---|
| Gufungura igice cy'inyuma cy'umugongo (Sternotomy) | Umuganga ubaga afungura igituza cy'umwana hagati maze akagera ku mutima. |
| Uburyo bwo kunyura mu mitsi n'imitsi | Mu gihe cyo kubagwa, umutima n'ibihaha bibagwa hakoreshejwe imashini yihariye (imashini ikoresha umutima n'ibihaha). Iyi mashini isukura amaraso ikayasubiza mu mubiri. |
| Gukiza no kohereza imitsi | Imitsi y'amaraso n'imitsi y'ibihaha idahujwe neza bikurwa mu mutima. |
| Gusubiramo imitsi y'umutima | Iki ni cyo gice cyoroshye kandi cy'ingenzi cyane mu kubagwa. Imitsi mito y'umutima itanga amaraso mu mutima ubwayo ikurwamo witonze mu muyoboro w'amaraso wangiritse hanyuma igashyirwa kuri muyoboro mushya uhujwe n'umuyoboro w'amaraso ahantu hakwiye. |
| Guhuza imitsi | Aorta ihujwe na ventricle y'ibumoso n'imitsi y'ibihaha na ventricle y'iburyo mu mwanya wayo ukwiye. |
| Gufunga agatuza | Iyo byose birangiye neza, umuganga ubaga yongera gufunga igituza cy'umwana. |
Ni iki kibaho nyuma yo kubagwa?
Nyuma yo kubagwa, umwana wawe azashyirwa mu cyumba cy’indembe (ICU) mu gihe cy’iminsi mike. Iyo ugiye kureba umwana wawe, uzabona imiyoboro myinshi, insinga, n’imashini zimufatanye. Ibi bishobora gutera ubwoba, ariko ntugahangayike. Wibuke ko ibi bikoresho byose bihari kugira ngo bikurikirane umwana wawe kandi bimufasha gukira vuba.
Ni izihe nyungu, igipimo cy'intsinzi, n'ingaruka z'ubu buvuzi?
Ibyiza n'intsinzi
Ubu ni uburyo bwo kubaga burokora ubuzima. Buha umwana umwuka wa ogisijeni akeneye, bigatuma akura neza.
- Hatabayeho kubagwa, 50% by'abana bafite D-TGA bapfa mu kwezi kwa mbere.
- Ariko igipimo cyo gutsinda nyuma yo kubagwa kiri hejuru cyane. Ingaruka zo gupfa ziri munsi ya 2%.
- Byatangajwe ko abagera kuri 96% by'ababazwe bakiriho nyuma y'imyaka 25. Abana benshi bashobora kubaho ubuzima busanzwe nta mbogamizi ku myitozo ngororamubiri.
Ingorane zishobora kubaho (Ingaruka)
Ni gake cyane, ingorane zimwe na zimwe zishobora kubaho nyuma y'imyaka myinshi.
- Kuziba kw'imitsi y'umutima cyangwa inzira isohoka mu muvuduko w'iburyo.
- Kwaguka cyangwa kugabanuka kw'imitsi y'amaraso yahujwe.
- Utunyangingo tw'umutima dutonyanga.
Iyo ibi bibazo bibaye, hashobora kuba ngombwa ko hakorwa ubundi buryo bwo kubaga kugira ngo bikosorwe nyuma. Nanone, bitewe n'uko umwuka wa ogisijeni uba muke mu gihe cyo kuvuka, bamwe mu bana bashobora kugira ibibazo byoroheje nko kwibuka, kwita ku bana, cyangwa se guhangayika guke. Ni ngombwa kubimenya mbere y'igihe. Hanyuma, niba ubonye impinduka ku mwana wawe, ushobora kumuha ubufasha bukenewe vuba.
Bifata igihe kingana iki kugira ngo umuntu akire kandi ahabwe inama na muganga?
Ubusanzwe umwana agomba kumara ibyumweru bibiri mu bitaro . Gukira bikomeza ndetse na nyuma yo gutaha. Muganga azakugira inama y'uko wakwita ku gisebe n'imiti watanga.
Urashaka kongera kubonana na muganga?
Yego rwose. Ugomba kujya mu rugo ukabonana n'umuganga ubaga mu cyumweru kimwe cyangwa bibiri. Ugomba kandi kubonana n'umuganga w'indwara z'umutima w'abana.
Igikuru ni uko umwana wawe agomba gusuzumwa na muganga nibura rimwe mu mwaka mu buzima bwe bwose. Muri ubwo buryo, niba hari ikibazo kivutse, gishobora kumenyekana mbere yuko kirushaho gukomera.
Iyo ukeneye guhamagara muganga ako kanya
Nyuma yo gutaha, niba igikomere cy'umwana wawe cyabaye umutuku, kibyimba, cyangwa amazi ava mu mazi, cyangwa niba afite umuriro , hamagara itsinda ry'abaganga vuba.
Ubutumwa bwo kujyana mu rugo
- Kubaga Arterial Switch ni igikorwa cy'ingenzi kandi cyagize ingaruka nziza ku buzima bw'impinja zifite D-TGA.
- Nubwo iki ari igikorwa gikomeye cyo kubaga, abana benshi bashobora kubaho ubuzima busanzwe kandi buzira umuze nyuma yaho.
- Ntugatinye ibikoresho n'imiyoboro ubona muri ICU nyuma yo kubagwa. Byose bihari kugira ngo bifashe umwana wawe gukira vuba.
- Umwana wawe azakenera gusuzumwa na muganga mu buzima bwe bwose. Menya neza ko ubikurikiza.
- Nk'umubyeyi, ni uburenganzira bwawe kuganira na muganga wawe ku kibazo icyo ari cyo cyose, impungenge, cyangwa gushidikanya ufite. Bahora biteguye kugufasha.
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