Ese ibinure byinjira mu mitsi yawe y'amaraso? (Atherosclerosis) Reka tuvuge kuri ibi!

Hari igihe ushobora kugira ikibazo gikomeye mu mubiri wawe utabizi. Uyu munsi, tugiye kuvuga ku ndwara igira ingaruka ku mubiri bucece, ariko ishobora guteza akaga cyane. Ibi nibyo twita "atherosclerosis". Tekereza, imiyoboro y'amaraso yawe imeze nk'imiyoboro y'amazi, bigenda bite iyo iyi miyoboro ifunze umwanda, ni ukuvuga ibinure? Ibyo nibyo bibaho muri iki kibazo. Nubwo iyi ari inkuru ikomeye, niba tuyisobanukiwe neza, dushobora gukora byinshi kugira ngo tuyirinde.

Ateriskosi ni iki? Mu magambo make...

Muri make, atherosclerosis ni ukwiyongera buhoro buhoro kw'ibinure, kolesteroli, kalisiyumu, n'ibindi bintu mu nkuta z'imitsi yawe, bigatuma habaho "plaque" (atheroma). Imitsi ni imitsi itwara amaraso akungahaye kuri ogisijeni iva mu mutima wacu ikayajyana mu yindi mibiri yacu. Uko iyi plaque ikomeza kwiyongera, inkuta z'imitsi zigenda zikomera buhoro buhoro. Ibi kandi byitwa "gukomera kw'imitsi" cyangwa "atherosclerosis."

Mu ntangiriro, ibi bibaho mu buryo butuje cyane. Ushobora kutabona ibimenyetso mu gihe runaka. Ariko uko iyi plaque igenda ikura buhoro buhoro, umwanya w'amaraso unyura mu mitsi, ni ukuvuga umwobo (lumen) uri mu muyoboro, uragabanuka. Nk'uko umwanda ufata umuyoboro w'amazi, inzira y'amazi irushaho kuba nto. Hanyuma bigenda bite? Ingano y'amaraso agera ku ngingo zacu n'imitsi iragabanuka. Si ibyo gusa, ahubwo uko amaraso akomeza gutemba vuba, iyi plaque ishobora gucika, cyangwa ubuso bwayo bugashiduka. Iyo bibaye bityo, amaraso ashobora gupfundika aho.

Tekereza kuri ubu buryo: umutsi ufunganye umeze nk'umuhanda ufite inzira enye ugabanutse ukagera ku murongo umwe. Ariko amaraso apfutse ni nk'umuhanda uri hagati muri uwo muhanda. Bishobora guhagarika burundu gutembera kw'amaraso.

Ingaruka ku mubiri ziterwa n'aho amaraso apfundika. Urugero, iyo ubwo bwoko bw'imitsi ifunganye mu mitsi itanga amaraso mu mutima, umutima ushobora kubura ogisijeni kandi umutima ugatera indwara .

Iyi ndwara yitwa atherosclerosis ikunze kugaragara gute?

Iyi ni indwara ikunze kugaragara cyane. Ingorane ziterwa n'iyi plaque yirundanyije, cyane cyane indwara z'umutima n'imitsi yo mu bwonko, ni zo zitera urupfu ku isi yose.

Nk’uko Ikigo cy’Igihugu cy’Ubuzima cya Amerika kibitangaza, hafi kimwe cya kabiri cy’abantu bari hagati y’imyaka 45 na 84 bafite indwara ya atherosclerosis, ariko ntibabizi. Tugomba no guhangayikishwa n’iki kibazo mu gihugu cyacu.

Ni ibihe bimenyetso by'ibi?

Akenshi, ibimenyetso ntibigaragara kugeza igihe imitsi igabanutse cyane, ifunganye ku kigero cya 70%, cyangwa igafunga burundu. Abantu benshi bamenya gusa ko bafite ubwo buvuzi (plaque) nyuma y’impanuka z’ubuvuzi, nko kurwara indwara y’umutima cyangwa indwara yo gucika kw’imitsi.

Iyo imitsi ifunze cyane ku kigero kirenze 70%, ushobora gutangira kugira ibimenyetso. Bitewe n'aho imitsi ifunze iherereye, ibimenyetso bishobora kugaragara mu bice bitandukanye by'umubiri.

Indwara y'umutima (Indwara y'imitsi itera indwara ya Coronary - CAD)

Iyo iki kibazo kibaye mu mitsi itanga amaraso mu mutima, cyitwa indwara y'imitsi ifata umutima (CAD). Ibi bishobora gutera indwara y'umutima.

Ushobora kumva ibintu nk'ibi:

• Kugorwa no guhumeka nubwo waba ukora akazi koroheje (Dyspnea).
• Kubabara mu gituza cyangwa kubabara mu nda (angina). Ibi bishobora kumvikana nk'aho umuntu akandagira mu gituza.
• Kubabara umugongo, ku bitugu, ku ijosi, ku maboko, cyangwa ku nda.
• Kuzungera, kumva ufite umutwe ukeye.
• Umutima utera cyane.
• Umunaniro ukabije, umunaniro.
• Kugira isesemi no kuruka, bisa no kutarya neza mu gifu.

Uduce tw’igogora (Mesenteric Ischemia)

Iyi ndwara (mesenteric ischemia) ishobora kubaho iyo amaraso atembera mu bice by'igogora yagabanutse.

• Kubabara cyangwa kubabara mu nda, cyane cyane mu nda, nyuma yo kurya.
• Kubyimba, isesemi, kuruka.
• Impiswi.
• Kugabanya ibiro bitewe no gutinya ibiryo, ari na bwoba bwo gutinya ububabare mu gihe urya.

Amaguru n'ibirenge (Indwara y'imitsi yo mu gice cy'imbere - PAD)

Indwara y'imitsi itera amaraso mu gice cy'umubiri (PAD) ni indwara ituma amaraso atembera mu mitsi itanga amaraso mu gice cy'umubiri agabanuka.

• Gufata claudication mu gihe gito ni ububabare wumva imitsi yo mu maguru yawe irimo kunyeganyega, cyane cyane iyo ugenda. Ibi bizashira nyuma yo kwicara akanya gato ukaruhuka, ariko bizagaruka iyo ugenda.
• Gushya no kubabara amaguru n'amano iyo uri kuruhuka, cyane cyane iyo uryamye.
• Ibara ry'uruhu rihinduka (urugero: gutukura).
• Ibirenge bikonje.
• Kwandura kenshi uruhu n'ingingo zoroshye z'amaguru, ibirenge.
• Ibikomere bidakira ku birenge no ku mano.

Stenose y'imitsi y'impyiko

Gutera indwara y'imitsi y'impyiko bishobora gutera ibimenyetso nk'ibi:

• Umuvuduko ukabije w'amaraso udashobora kugenzurwa nubwo hakoreshejwe imiti myinshi.
• Impinduka mu gihe cyo kwihagarika.
• Kubyimba (Edema).
• Gusinzira, umunaniro.
• Uruhu rwumye, ruryana, cyangwa rudakora neza.
• Umutwe.
• Kugabanya ibiro nta mpamvu.
• Isesemi, kuruka, cyangwa kubura ubushake bwo kurya.

Indwara y'imitsi itera ubwonko (Carotid Artery Disease)

Iyo iki kibazo kibaye mu mitsi yo mu ijosi, itanga amaraso mu bwonko, ibimenyetso bya mbere bishobora kuba indwara y’ihungabana ry’umubiri (TIA) cyangwa indwara yo gucika imitsi.

• Kuzungera.
• Kugwa k'uruhande rumwe rw'isura.
• Kubura ibyiyumvo ku ruhande rumwe rw'umubiri, intege nke z'imitsi.
• Kuribwa umutwe cyane.
• Gusobanya amagambo mu gihe uvuga, bigorana kuyandika.
• Gutakaza ubushobozi bwo kureba mu jisho rimwe. Bishobora kumvikana nk'aho umwenda w'umukara uguye imbere y'ijisho.

Kuki indwara ya atherosclerosis ikwirakwira? Ni izihe mpamvu?

Abashakashatsi bemeza ko hari impamvu nyinshi z'ingenzi zibitera:

• Korositeroli ya LDL na triglycerides byangiza mu maraso byiyongera.
• Gukoresha ibikomoka ku itabi (kunywa itabi, itabi ritagira umwotsi).
• Umuvuduko ukabije w'amaraso (Hypertension).
• Diyabete (Diabete Mellitus).

Ibi bintu bishobora kwangiza igice cy'imbere cy'imitsi yawe (endothelium). Icyo gihe ni bwo indwara ya atherosclerosis itangira kwiyongera. Ubusanzwe iyi ndwara ibaho buhoro buhoro, uko igihe kigenda gihita.

Ibi bibaho bite, ni ibihe byiciro?

Ateriosclerosis itera mu myaka myinshi kandi ifite ibyiciro byinshi by'ingenzi:

1. Kwangirika kw'inyuma y'amaraso no kwirwanaho k'ubudahangarwa bw'umubiri: Iyo inyuma y'amaraso yangiritse, hatangira kubaho uburyo bwo gukora imiti. Ibi bituma uturemangingo tw'amaraso twera duteranira aho twangiritse. Utwo turemangingo turaterana tugatera ububyimbirwe mu mitsi.

2. Imirongo y'ibinure: Iki ni cyo kimenyetso cya mbere kigaragara cya atherosclerosis. Agace kangiritse gasa n'umurongo w'umuhondo cyangwa akadomo, kandi kagizwe n'"uturemangingo tw'ifuro" twapfuye. Uturemangingo tw'ifuro ni uturemangingo tw'amaraso twera twariye cholesterol tugerageza kuyikuraho. Uko utwo turemangingo tw'ifuro dukomeza gukora, turushaho kwangiza endothelium.

3. Gukura kwa Plaque: Uko uturemangingo tw’ifuro twapfuye n’indi myanda bikomeza kwiyongera, ururenda rw’ibinure rugenda ruhinduka plaque nini. Udupfundikizo tw’uturemangingo tw’imitsi yoroshye tuba hejuru y’iyi plaque. Ibi bibuza plaque gucika no kwikusanyiriza mu maraso. Uko plaque ikura, lumen (umwanya amaraso anyuramo) mu mitsi iragabanuka.

4. Gucika kw'ibumba cyangwa gushwanyagurika: Muri iki cyiciro, agapfundikizo k'ibumba kari hejuru y'ibumba karashwanyagurika, cyangwa uturemangingo tw'inyuma tuzengurutse ibumba tukangirika. Uko byagenda kose, amaraso aracika. Iryo bumba ribuza amaraso gutembera bigatuma umutima utera indwara yo gucika imitsi cyangwa indwara yo mu bwonko.

Ni ibihe bintu bishobora gutera ibi?

Hari ibintu byinshi bishobora kugira ingaruka ku iterambere rya atherosclerosis. Bimwe muri byo ushobora kubihindura, ariko bimwe, nk'imyaka, ntubishobora.

Ibintu bishobora gutera ibyago ni ibi bikurikira:

• Kuba abagabo barengeje imyaka 45.
• Kuba umugore urengeje imyaka 55.
• Iyo umuntu wo mu muryango (umugabo wo mu muryango wa hafi mbere y'imyaka 45, cyangwa umugore wo mu muryango wa hafi mbere y'imyaka 55) arwaye indwara z'umutima n'imitsi .
• Diyabete (Diabete Mellitus).
• Umuvuduko ukabije w'amaraso (Hypertension).
• Hyperlipidemie, cyane cyane urugero rwo hejuru rwa cholesterol mbi ya LDL cyangwa lipoprotein yihariye yitwa Lipoprotein (a).
• Indwara ya metabolike.
• Kunywa itabi cyangwa gukoresha ibindi bicuruzwa by'itabi.
• Kutagira imyitozo ngororamubiri.
• Kurya indyo irimo ibinure byinshi, ibinure bya trans, umunyu (umunyu), n'isukari.

Ni izihe ngorane ibi bishobora gutera?

Ateriosclerosis ibangamira imikorere myiza y’imitsi n’amaraso. Ibi bishobora kugabanya cyangwa kubuza burundu gutembera kw’amaraso mu bice bitandukanye by’umubiri, cyane cyane umutima n’ubwonko. Ingorane zishobora guterwa n’uku kugabanuka kw’amaraso zirimo:

• Indwara y'imitsi ifata imiyoboro ya carotide.
• Indwara y'imitsi itera umutima.
• Indwara y'umutima.
• Ugutera kw'umutima kutumvikana neza (Arrhythmia).
• Kunanirwa k'umutima.
• Ischemia ya Mesenteric.
• Indwara y'imitsi yo mu mpande.
• Indwara y'impyiko idakira (CKD).
• Gutera imitsi y'impyiko gucika.
• Indwara yo mu bwonko (stroke).
• Igitero cy'icyorezo cy'indwara y'izuba (TIA) cy'agateganyo.
• Gucika intege no kubyimba kw'inkuta z'imitsi (aneurysms) no gucika kwazo.

Kumenya no kuvura iyi ndwara hakiri kare bishobora gukumira cyangwa gutinza ingorane zikomeye nk'izo.

Ibi bipimwa gute? Ni ibihe bipimo abaganga bakora?

Kugira ngo umuganga amenye niba ufite indwara ya atherosclerosis, cyangwa niba ufite ibyago byo kuyirwara, azakora ibi bikurikira:

• Hazakorwa isuzuma ryuzuye ry’umubiri. Ibi bizaba birimo kumva umutima wawe n’urusaku rw’amaraso atembera mu mitsi yawe hakoreshejwe stethoscope. Urugero, bazasuzuma ijwi rya "bruit" mu mitsi ya carotid iri mu ijosi ryawe. Iri jwi rishobora kwerekana ko hari plaque.
• Amateka yawe y'ubuvuzi n'amateka y'umuryango wawe bizakubazwa. Aya makuru ashobora kuguha igitekerezo cy'ibyago byawe byo kurwara atherosclerosis n'ingaruka zayo.
• Bazakubaza ibijyanye n'imibereho yawe. Bashobora kukubaza ku ngeso nko kuba ukoresha itabi cyangwa se warigeze ukoresha.
• Hategetswe ko hapimwa amaraso.Ibi bipimo by'amaraso bifitanye isano n'indwara z'umutima bishobora kukubwira byinshi ku rugero rwa cholesterol yawe n'imikorere y'umutima.

Ni ibihe bizamini bindi bizakorwa?

Muganga ashobora gutegeka ibindi bipimo kugira ngo yemeze ko hari indwara ya atherosclerosis kandi agateganya uburyo bwo kuyivura. Ibi birimo:

• Angiography: Iyi ikoresha imirasire ya X yihariye n'irangi ritandukanye kugira ngo hamenyekane kandi hapimwe uburyo imitsi ifungana.
• Igipimo cy'amaraso mu kaguru no mu mfuruka: Iki gipimo cy'amaraso atembera mu maguru yawe ugereranije umuvuduko w'amaraso mu kaguru no mu kuboko.
• X-ray yo mu gituza: Iyi ifotora imbere mu gituza.
• Isuzuma rya CT (Isuzuma rya Tomography ryakozwe ku murongo): Iri suzuma rifata amafoto y'imbere mu mubiri kandi rishobora kureba niba imitsi minini yazibye cyangwa yagabanutse.
• MRI y'umutima (Magnetic Resonance Imaging): Iki kizamini gishobora kugaragaza ibibazo by'amaraso atembera mu mitsi.
• Echocardiogram (Echo): Ishusho ifata amashusho y'uturemangingo tw'umutima n'ibyumba byawo, igapima uburyo umutima utera amaraso neza.
• ECG (Electrocardiogram cyangwa EKG): ECG ipima imikorere y'amashanyarazi, umuvuduko, n'umuvuduko w'umutima.
• Ikizamini cyo guhangayika mu myitozo ngororamubiri: Ikizamini gipima imikorere y'umutima mu gihe ukora imyitozo ngororamubiri.
• Ishusho ya Carotid Ultrasound: Iyi ifoto ya ultrasound y'imitsi ya carotid iri mu ijosi. Ishobora kumenya niba iyi mitsi yagabanutse cyangwa yazibye mu gihe ijyana amaraso mu bwonko.
• Ultrasound yo mu nda: Iyi ultrasound isuzuma aorta, umutsi munini wo mu nda, kugira ngo barebe niba ifite ububyimba (abdominal aortic aneurysm) cyangwa plaque.

Ibi bivurwa bite?

Ateriosclerosis ivurwa hakoreshejwe impinduka mu mibereho, imiti, rimwe na rimwe no kubagwa cyangwa ubundi buryo bw'ubuvuzi . Bitewe n'aho ufite indwara ya atherosclerosis, ushobora kubonana n'inzobere mu by'umutima, impuguke mu by'imitsi, impuguke mu by'ubwonko, cyangwa umuganga ubaga imitsi.

Abaganga bawe bazashyiraho gahunda yo kuvura hashingiwe ku byo ukeneye. Intego zo kuvura ubusanzwe ni izi zikurikira:

• Kugabanya ibyago byo kubyimba kw'amaraso.
• Kwirinda ingorane nk'indwara y'umutima cyangwa indwara yo gucika kw'imitsi.
• Kugabanya ibimenyetso.
• Bigufasha gufata indyo nziza ku mutima wawe n'imitsi y'amaraso.
• Kurinda cyangwa guhagarika ikorwa rya plaque mu mitsi.
• Kunoza urujya n'uruza rw'amaraso, haba mu kwagura imitsi cyangwa mu kugabanya kuziba kw'imitsi.

Impinduka mu mibereho

Guhindura imibereho bishobora kugabanya ibyago byo guhura n'ingorane. Muganga wawe azashyiraho gahunda ikubereye. Muri rusange, ushobora gukora ibi bikurikira:

• Irinde ibikomoka ku itabi byose (harimo no kunywa itabi no kunywa itabi rya vape). Iki ni cyo kintu cy'ingenzi ushobora gukora.
• Kurikiza indyo yuzuye umutima, nk'indyo yo mu karere ka Mediterane , bivuze kurya imboga nyinshi, imbuto, ibinyamisogwe, ibinyampeke byuzuye, amafi n'amavuta ya elayo.
• Imyitozo ngororamubiri buri munsi. Tangira n'urugendo rugufi hanyuma wihatire gukora imyitozo ngororamubiri nibura iminota 30 ku munsi, iminsi myinshi mu cyumweru.

Imiti

Imiti ishobora gufasha mu kugenzura ibintu bishobora gutera plaque kwiyongera no kugabanya ikwirakwira rya atherosclerosis. Muganga wawe ashobora kukwandikira imiti igabanya umuvuduko w'amaraso, igabanye cholesterol, igategeka isukari mu maraso, kandi ikarinda kubyimba kw'amaraso.

Uburyo bwo kubaga cyangwa uburyo bwo kuvura

Hari uburyo butandukanye bwo kuvura no kubaga bufasha abantu bafite imitsi ifunganye cyane cyangwa abafite ibyago byinshi byo kugira ibibazo. Uburyo busanzwe bwo kuvura burimo:

• Angioplasty: Ibi bikubiyemo gushyira igikoresho gisa n'ibendera mu mitsi yagabanutse no kuyishyiramo umwuka kugira ngo imitsi yaguke.
• Kugabanya ububabare bw'imitsi: Ibi bikubiyemo gukata no gukuraho plaque mu mitsi.
• Guca imitsi yo mu ijosi: Uburyo bwo kubaga kugira ngo bakureho plaque mu mitsi yo mu ijosi.
• Gushyira imitsi y'umutima mu buryo bwa "coronary artery bypass grafting" (CABG): Ubu buryo butanga inzira nshya amaraso atemberamo mu mitsi yazibye mu mutima.
• Kubaga imitsi yo mu mpande: Bitanga inzira nshya amaraso ashobora kunyuramo imitsi yazibye mu ngingo.
• Gushyiramo stent: Nyuma yo gukorerwa angioplasty, hashyirwaho stent nto imeze nk'umuyoboro kugira ngo imitsi y'amaraso idakomeza kugabanuka.
• Kunyura mu mitsi: Ubu ni uburyo bwo kubaga kugira ngo hatabaho kuziba kw'imitsi.

Ese indwara ya atherosclerosis ishobora kwirindwa?

Bishobora kudashoboka kuyirinda burundu. Ariko ushobora kugabanya ibyago byawe no kugabanya ingaruka z'indwara. Dore bimwe mu byo wakora:

• Kurya ibiryo birimo ibinure byinshi, ibinure bya trans, cholesterol, sodiyumu (umunyu), n'isukari.
• Kora imyitozo ngororamubiri isanzwe . Tangira ugenda n'amaguru make kandi ukore iminota 30 ku munsi, iminsi myinshi mu cyumweru.
• Komeza kugira ibiro byiza kuri wewe. Baza muganga wawe icyo ari cyo.
• Gufata izindi ndwara, cyane cyane diyabete, umuvuduko ukabije w'amaraso, na cholesterol nyinshi.
• Ntugakoreshe ibikomoka ku itabi.
• Jya kwisuzumisha kwa muganga rimwe mu mwaka.

Ni iki wakwitega mu gihe ubana n'iki kibazo? Wiyitaho ute?

Iyo bapimwe kandi bakavurwa hakiri kare, abantu benshi barwaye indwara ya atherosclerosis bashobora kubaho ubuzima bakunda. Ariko iyi ndwara ishobora gutera ibibazo byihutirwa by’ubuvuzi, kandi ishobora no kwica. Rero ni ngombwa kumenya ingaruka zawe no gukorana na muganga wawe kugira ngo bazigabanye.

Korana bya hafi na muganga wawe. Bazagusuzuma buri gihe kandi baguhe amakuru inshuro ugomba kumubona. Kora gahunda zawe zose kandi ukomeze kwita ku buzima bwawe. Bibwire muganga wawe ako kanya niba ubonye ibimenyetso bishya cyangwa bihinduka. Guvurwa hakiri kare bishobora kugabanya ibyago byo guhura n'ibibazo bishobora gushyira ubuzima bwawe mu kaga.

Nanone, tekereza ku buzima bwawe bwo mu mutwe. Ni ibisanzwe kumva uhangayikishijwe n'ejo hazaza. Guhindura imibereho bishobora kukugora cyane. Ariko ntureke ngo ibyo byiyumvo bikubuze kwishimira ubuzima.

• Sangiza amarangamutima yawe umujyanama cyangwa itsinda rishinzwe ubufasha.
• Huza n'abandi bafite indwara z'umutima n'imitsi. Mushobora gusangira ubunararibonye no kwigira kuri buri wese.
• Ganira n'umuryango wawe n'inshuti zawe ku mpinduka z'ubuzima urimo gukora. Basobanurire impamvu izi mpinduka ari ingenzi kuri wewe, kandi usabe ubufasha bwabo mu kuzigeraho.

Ni ryari ugomba kujya mu Ishami ry’Ubuvuzi bw’Ingoboka (ETU) ?

Niba wowe cyangwa umuntu uzi afite ibimenyetso by'indwara y'umutima, stroke, cyangwa TIA , hamagara 911 cyangwa inomero y'ubutabazi bw'ibanze yo mu gace utuyemo ako kanya. Ibi ni ubutabazi bwihutirwa busaba kuvurwa byihuse.

Ni ibihe bibazo ugomba kubaza muganga wawe?

Ibibazo bimwe na bimwe ushobora kubaza muganga wawe:

• Ni ubuhe buryo bwiza bwo kuvura kuri njye?
• Igipimo cy'umuvuduko w'amaraso yanjye na cholesterol bigomba kuba bite?
• Ni ryari nkwiye gutangira gusuzuma cholesterol y'abana banjye?
• Ese wangira inama gahunda yo kumfasha kureka kunywa itabi?

Ubutumwa bwa nyuma bwo kujyana mu rugo

Ateriosclerose ni indwara ikunze kugaragara ku bantu benshi. Ariko muganga wawe ari hano kugira ngo agufashe kuyifata no kubaho ubuzima bwawe bwiza. Mu gihe cyo kwisuzumisha buri mwaka, bazasuzuma ibyago byawe byo kurwara atherosclerosis no gusobanura icyo wakora kugira ngo uyigabanye. Ntutinye gusaba ubufasha mu gukurikiza inama za muganga wawe. Bashobora kuguha inama ushobora gukenera. Wibuke ko kugira ubuzima bwiza no gukurikiza inama za muganga wawe bizagufasha cyane mu kukurinda iyi ndwara ikomeye.

` Ateriosclerosis, arteriosclerosis, cholesterol, indwara z'umutima, indwara zo gucika kw'imitsi, kuziba kw'imitsi y'amaraso, imibereho myiza