Gusuzuma umurambo ni iki? Reka tubiganireho birambuye.

Ese wigeze wumva ibyerekeye isuzuma ry’umurambo? Ushobora kuba warabibonye muri filime cyangwa mu makuru. Nubwo iyi ari ingingo ikomeye, ni ngombwa kuyimenya. Kuko, ni ikintu cy'ingenzi cyane mu buvuzi no mu mategeko. Uyu munsi rero turaganira ku isuzuma ry’umurambo icyo ari cyo, ni nde ubikora, uburyo, n’impamvu.

Gusuzuma umurambo ni iki mu by'ukuri?

Mu magambo make, gupima umurambo ni isuzuma ryihariye rya muganga rikorwa nyuma y’uko umuntu apfuye kugira ngo hamenyekane icyateye ndetse rimwe na rimwe n’uburyo yapfuye. Ni nk’akazi k’umupolisi. Umuganga wigishijwe by’umwihariko, witwa inzobere mu ndwara , asuzuma yitonze imbere n’inyuma y’umurambo wa nyakwigendera.

Ijambo ry'Icyongereza "autopsy" rikomoka ku ijambo ry'Ikigereki "autopsia." Risobanura "kwibona." Ni ukuvuga ko umuganga w'indwara asuzuma umubiri n'amaso ye kandi akagerageza gushaka icyateye urupfu. Hari abantu babyita kandi "isuzuma ry'urupfu nyuma y'urupfu," cyane cyane mu bihugu nk'Ubwongereza. "Post" bivuga "nyuma" na "mortem" bivuga "urupfu." Rero ibisobanuro ni bimwe.

Gusuzuma umurambo bikorwa ryari?

Hari ubwoko bubiri bw'ingenzi bwo gusuzuma umurambo, bitewe n'impamvu yabikoze. Reka turebere hamwe ibyo ari byo.

1. Gusuzuma umurambo w'umuntu wapfuye mu rwego rw'ubugenzacyaha

Ibi nibyo dukunze gutekerezaho iyo twumvise ijambo "forensic" cyangwa "forensic " mu Cyongereza. Ibi bikorwa mu rwego rw'iperereza ryemewe n'amategeko. Ijambo "forensic" risobanura "ibijyanye n'uburyo bwa siyansi bwo gukemura ibyaha." Tekereza, polisi iramutse ikoze iperereza ku rupfu rukekwa, ubu ni bwo bwoko bw'iperereza bwakorwa.

Muri rusange, muri Sri Lanka no mu bindi bihugu hirya no hino ku isi, itegeko rigena imanza zihariye aho hakenewe isuzuma ry’imirambo. Muri rusange, ubwoko bukurikira bw’impfu busaba isuzuma ry’imirambo:

• Bidasanzwe: Ni ukuvuga, niba urupfu rwarabaye bitewe n'ikintu nk'ubwicanyi, kwiyahura, cyangwa impanuka.
• Urupfu rutunguranye cyangwa rutunguranye: cyane cyane rw'uruhinja cyangwa umwana muto.
• Niba biteye amakenga: Niba hari ikibazo icyo ari cyo cyose ku rupfu.
• Niba impamvu y'urupfu itazwi.
• Niba ari urupfu rw'urugomo.
• Niba ari urupfu rutari urwiboneye .
• Iyo urupfu rwatewe n'impanuka yabereye ku kazi (Imvune ikabije yo mu kazi).
• Urupfu ruterwa n'akaga gaterwa n'inganda: Urugero, inkongi y'umuriro cyangwa amazi y'uburozi.
• Iyo habayeho urupfu rwabaye mu gihe cyo kuvurwa cyangwa kubagwa, kandi iyo habayeho ibirego by'uburangare bw'abaganga.
• Urupfu ruterwa no gusinziriza ni:Ibyo bivuze ko urupfu rubaho nyuma yo guhabwa ikinya cyo kubagwa cyangwa ubundi buryo bwo kwa muganga.

Abantu bafite ububasha bwo gutanga itegeko ryo gusuzuma umurambo nk'uwo bashobora gutandukana bitewe n'igihugu. Urugero:

• Umuganga cyangwa Umuganga usuzuma indwara
• Umucamanza
• Polisi

2. Gusuzuma umurambo w'ibitaro (Clinical Autopsy)

Ibi kandi byitwa Pathological Autopsy . Ibi bikunze gukorwa n'inzobere mu by'indwara mu bitaro kugira ngo hamenyekane impamvu nyayo y'urupfu mu gihe habayeho urupfu rusanzwe , cyangwa kugira ngo asobanukirwe neza.

Urupfu rusanzwe ni urupfu rubaho iyo umubiri uhagaritse gukora bitewe n'impamvu y'imbere mu mubiri, nka kanseri, indwara z'umutima, cyangwa indwara zandura. Ni ukuvuga ko nta mpamvu y'urupfu igaragara (urugero: gukomereka, kurohama).

Hari igihe, bene wabo wa hafi w’uwapfuye – ni ukuvuga umuryango – bashobora gusaba ko hakorwa isuzuma nk’iryo. Tekereza, umuryango ushaka kumenya uti “Ni iki cyabaye ku muntu wacu koko, indwara yari iyihe?” Hanyuma bashobora kubisaba. Ubundi buryo, umuganga wavuraga uwo muntu ashobora no gusaba uburenganzira ku bavandimwe be no kumukorera isuzuma nk’iryo.

Isuzuma ry'umurambo rishobora gukorwa nyuma y'igihe kingana iki?

Isuzuma ry’umurambo rishobora gukorwa igihe icyo ari cyo cyose nyuma y’urupfu. Ariko, ni byiza kubikora vuba bishoboka. Ibi biterwa nuko, nyuma y’amasaha agera kuri 24, ingingo z’umubiri n’izindi ngingo zitangira kubora. Ibi bituma bigorana gukora ibizamini bimwe na bimwe no gusuzuma ukuri kw’ibisubizo.

Abaganga b’indwara z’abapfumu bashobora gukora isuzuma ry’imirambo yangiritse cyangwa imirambo yataburuwe. Ariko, amakuru n’ibimenyetso bishobora kuboneka muri bene ibyo bihe bishobora kuba bike.

Ni nde uri gukora ubu bushakashatsi ku murambo?

Nkuko twabivuze mbere, ibi bikorwa n'inzobere yitwa pathologist . Pathology ni ishami ry'ubuvuzi rikubiyemo gusuzuma ingero z'imibiri y'umubiri muri laboratwari kugira ngo hamenyekane indwara cyangwa hamenyekane niba ari ikibazo.

Abaganga b’indwara zifata imirambo ni abaganga. Bafite ubumenyi bwinshi n’amahugurwa yihariye ku mubiri w’umuntu. Ubusanzwe, kuba umuganga w’indwara bisaba amashuri ari hagati y’imyaka 11 na 13.

Ushobora kuba warumvise umuntu witwa "Medical Examiner" ukora isuzuma ry'imirambo. "Medical Examiner" ikunze gukoreshwa nk'izina ry'akazi ku muganga w'indwara z'abapfumu, ubusanzwe umukozi wa leta ukora isuzuma ry'imirambo.

Ni iki mu by'ukuri gikorwa mu gihe cyo gusuzuma umurambo?

Uburyo bwo gupima umurambo bushobora gutandukana gato bitewe n'impamvu yo gupima umurambo. Gupima imirambo akenshi bikubiyemo ibisobanuro birambuye. Hafi ya buri gice cy'umubiri kirasuzumwa. Akenshi harimo kandi iperereza ku hantu habereye icyaha no gusuzuma uburozi - inyigo y'uburozi, ingaruka zabwo, no kumenya uburozi.

Ariko, mu gihe cyo gusuzuma imirambo, ibice bimwe na bimwe by'umubiri ni byo bishobora gusuzumwa. Nanone, ibizamini by'uburozi ntibikunze gukorwa muri ibi bizamini.

Muri rusange, intambwe zo gusuzuma umurambo zishobora kumera gutya:

1. Umuganga w’indwara ashyira umurambo w’uwapfuye ku meza yo gusuzumwa yitonze.

2. Hanyuma, inyuma y'umubiri hakurikiranwa neza. Bashaka ikintu cyose kidasanzwe, ikintu cyose gishobora kuba gifitanye isano n'urupfu. Bafata ibi byose. Bashobora kandi gufata amafoto n'amashusho ya X-ray y'umubiri.

3. Hanyuma, umuganga w’indwara akoresha agakoresho gatyaye ko gukata uruhu kuva ku igufwa kugeza ku nda yo hasi, agasuzuma imbere mu mubiri. Aho niho ingirangingo zose n’ingingo zose ziri mu mubiri zikurwaho zikanasuzumwa, ndetse n’izihariye.

4. Ingero nto z'uturemangingo zifatwa mu ngingo hanyuma zigasuzumwa hifashishijwe mikorosikopi.

5. Hari igihe umuganga w’indwara agabanya umutwe n’umutwe agasuzuma ubwonko.

6. Hafatwa ingero z'amazi y'umubiri, ingingo, n'ingingo, kandi hagakorwa ibizamini bitandukanye (urugero: isesengura ry'imiti, isesengura ry'uburozi) muri laboratwari.

7. Mu isuzuma ry’imirambo y’abapfuye, ibintu "bidasanzwe" (urugero: imyanda, amasasu) byabonetse imbere cyangwa hanze y’umurambo birakusanywa bigasuzumwa.

8. Nyuma yo gupima umurambo w’umuntu, umuganga w’indwara akunze gusubiza ingingo mu mubiri, uretse ubwonko, maze agashyira uruhu neza. Ni ukuvuga ko bagerageza kwegera uruhu rw’umuntu uko bishoboka kose. Ariko, mu gupima umurambo w’umuntu, akenshi ingingo ntizisubizwa mu mubiri. Ibi biterwa nuko ingingo zishobora gukoreshwa mu gupima ibindi, ndetse wenda no mu masomo y’abanyeshuri biga ubuganga.

9. Ariko, abahanga mu by’indwara bagerageza gufata neza umurambo w’uwapfuye no kuwugeza ku isura nziza ishoboka.

Hari igihe umuganga w’indwara ashobora gukenera kugumana ingingo zimwe na zimwe kugira ngo zikorerwe isuzuma ryinshi, cyangwa agashobora kugumana ingingo nk’uko byavuzwe mu ifishi y’uburenganzira. Nyuma y’uko ibyo bizamini byose birangiye, umuganga w’indwara akora Raporo irambuye.

Intego z'inyongera zo gusuzuma umurambo w'umuntu mu rwego rw'ubugenzacyaha

Nkuko twabivuze mbere, intego nyamukuru ya buri gikorwa cyo gupima umurambo ni ukumenya icyateye urupfu. Ariko, gupima imirambo y’abakoreweho ubushakashatsi (forensic body surgery) bifite izindi ntego nyinshi zihariye:

• Kumenya umwirondoro: Hari igihe bitamenyekana uwapfuye . Hanyuma ibintu nk'ibikumwe n'ibizamini bya ADN bishobora gufasha muri ibi.
• Gufasha kwemeza cyangwa guhakana ibirego ku buryo urupfu rwapfuye: Ni ukuvuga gufasha kumenya niba urupfu rwari ubwicanyi cyangwa impanuka hashingiwe ku bimenyetso by'abaganga.
• Gupima Igihe Kuva Upfuye.

Gusuzuma umurambo bifata igihe kingana iki?

Ubusanzwe bifata amasaha abiri kugeza kuri ane kugira ngo umuganga w’indwara asuzume umurambo. Isuzuma ry’umurambo rizarangira kandi ibisubizo by’ibanze bizaboneka mu minsi ibiri cyangwa itatu.

Ariko, ubusanzwe bishobora gufata ibyumweru bitandatu cyangwa birenga kugira ngo hakorwe raporo yuzuye y’isuzuma ry’umurambo. Hari ibintu byinshi bishobora gutuma habaho gutinda gutya:

• Byaba ari ugusuzuma umurambo w'umuntu mu buryo bw'ubucamanza cyangwa se gupima umurambo w'umuntu.
• Uburyo urupfu ruteye cyangwa uburyo ibimenyetso biteye.
• Niba umuganga w’indwara akeneye gutegereza ibisubizo by’ibindi bipimo (urugero: ibizamini by’amaraso, ibizamini bya ADN ).
• Umubare w'ibipimo by'imirambo umuganga w'indwara agomba gukora mu gihe runaka n'umubare w'abaganga b'indwara muri ako gace.

Raporo y'isuzuma ry'umurambo irimo iki?

Raporo y'isuzuma ry'umurambo ni inyandiko ikubiyemo amakuru arambuye ku byo umuntu yabonye, ​​isuzuma, n'ibizamini byakorewe ku mubiri.

Ibi akenshi bigaragaza neza icyateye urupfu n'uburyo rusange rw'urupfu . Umuganga w'indwara, ashingiye ku bimenyetso bya siyansi n'iby'ubuvuzi, ashyira uburyo urupfu rubaho mu byiciro bitanu:

1. Impanuka

2. Impamvu zisanzwe

3. Ubwicanyi

4. Kwiyahura

5. Ntibyemewe

Hari igihe, uko umuhanga mu by’indwara yakwitwara kose mu gupima umurambo, icyateye urupfu ntigishobora kumenyekana. Ibi byitwa "negative" cyangwa "obscure" autopsy . Mu gihe kizaza, hakoreshejwe ubuhanga buhanitse bwo muri laboratwari, bishobora kuzashoboka kumenya icyateye izo mpfu nyuma.

Raporo y'isuzuma ry'umurambo ivuga iki mu by'ukuri?

Raporo y’isuzuma ry’umurambo ikubiyemo ibyavuye mu bushakashatsi bwa siyansi n’ibizamini byakorewe ku murambo n’ibiri mu mubiri. Ariko, isuzuma ry’umurambo ryonyine ntirishobora kwemeza mu buryo bwemewe n’amategeko uburyo umuntu yapfuye. Mu bihugu byinshi, icyemezo cya nyuma gifatwa n’Urukiko rw’Amategeko. Abapolisi n’abandi bahagarariye abandi mu mategeko bahuza amakuru ari muri raporo y’isuzuma ry’umurambo n’ibindi bimenyetso bakusanyije kugira ngo bagere ku mwanzuro ku buryo urupfu rwapfuye.

Ni ngombwa kwibuka ko uko ubumenyi n'amahugurwa abahanga mu by'indwara z'amaraso baba bafite kose, ni abantu nkatwe. Kimwe n'abandi bose, bashobora gukora amakosa. Cyangwa, rimwe na rimwe, bashobora kutamenya neza icyateye urupfu. Mu bihe bimwe na bimwe, umuryango cyangwa inzego z'amategeko zishobora gusaba ko umurambo wa nyakwigendera usuzumwa bwa kabiri n'undi muganga w'indwara z'amaraso.

Ni izihe nyungu zo gusuzuma umurambo?

Hari inyungu nyinshi zishobora kuboneka mu gusuzuma umurambo. Reka turebere hamwe ibyo ari byo:

• Kwagura ubumenyi mu by'ubuvuzi: Gusuzuma imirambo, cyane cyane, bituma abaganga bongera ubumenyi bwabo ku ndwara n'uko zigira ingaruka ku mibiri yacu. Ubumenyi mu by'ubuvuzi buzaba ingenzi cyane mu kunoza ubuvuzi mu gihe kizaza.
• Gukumira impfu nyinshi: Mu bihe byashize, abahanga mu by’indwara bakoraga isuzuma ry’imirambo bagaragaje ibibazo byihutirwa by’ubuzima rusange, nk’ibitero by’iterabwoba bya anthrax. Mu buryo nk’ubwo, ingaruka mbi ku buzima rusange, nk’uburinzi bw’abana cyangwa intebe z’imodoka, byateje impfu z’abana bato, nabyo byagaragaye binyuze muri ubwo bushakashatsi.
• Kumenya indwara za Genetic: Hari igihe isuzuma ry’umurambo rigaragaza ko uwapfuye yapfuye azize indwara y’umurage yari ataramenyekana cyangwa yari yaravuwe nabi. Ibi bishobora gufasha abavandimwe b’amaraso b’uwapfuye kumenya ibyago byo kurwara iyo ndwara.
• Gutanga ibimenyetso byemewe n'amategeko: Gusuzuma imirambo birafasha cyane mu gukemura imanza z’ibyaha nk’ubwicanyi. Ariko, bishobora no gutanga ibimenyetso byemewe n’amategeko mu manza nk’impfu zo mu kazi, ibyago bikomoka ku bidukikije, cyangwa imikorere mibi y’abaganga. Ubwo bwoko bw’impfu bushobora no gutuma habaho imanza.
• Gukuraho gushidikanya:Iyo isuzuma ry’umurambo ritanze ibisubizo ku cyateye urupfu, ryemeza ko indwara yafashwe n’ubuvuzi yavuwe byari ukuri, akenshi bitanga igitekerezo cyo kwiherera cyangwa guhumurizwa ku muryango n’abakunzi. Aho kugira gushidikanya, kugira ibisubizo bishobora kugufasha kubabara no kwihanganira urupfu rw’uwo ukunda.

Gusuzuma umurambo bigura angahe?

Ibitaro byinshi ntibishyuza abantu ku bijyanye no gupima imirambo yakozwe n'inzobere mu ndwara, kandi gupima imirambo byakozwe ku bubasha bw'umuganga cyangwa umuganga na byo bitangwa ku buntu.

Ariko, hashobora kubaho amafaranga yo gutwara umurambo ujya no kuva kwa muganga. Byongeye kandi, ushobora kwishyura ibizamini bya genetiki kugira ngo umenye indwara warazwe.

Amaherezo, icyo ugomba kwibuka (Ubutumwa bwo kujyana mu rugo)

Gusuzuma imirambo ni ingenzi cyane mu rwego rw'ubuvuzi ndetse no mu butabera. Ni ingirakamaro cyane mu kwagura ubumenyi mu by'ubuvuzi no kubona ibisubizo by'ibibazo utazi.

Niba ugomba gukorerwa isuzuma ry’umurambo ku muntu wawe, menya ko umuganga w’indwara azagufasha kwita ku mubiri wawe mu buryo bwitondewe kandi burangwa n’icyubahiro. Bazakoresha ubuhanga bwabo kugira ngo baguhe igisubizo cyose gishoboka cy’ubuvuzi.

Biragoye gato kuvuga ku kintu nk'iki, ariko ndizera ko aya makuru azaba ingirakamaro kuri wowe.

"Gusuzuma umurambo, Gusuzuma umurambo, Impamvu y'urupfu, Umuganga w'indwara z'umubiri, Gusuzuma umurambo w'umuntu ukurikiranwa n'amategeko, Gusuzuma umurambo w'umuntu ukurikiranwa n'abaganga