Ese hari igihe wumva ufite ubwoba iyo ubonye fagitire y'amashanyarazi? Ese utekereza uti “Oh, fagitire yongeye kuba nyinshi cyane kuri iyi nshuro”? Ushobora kandi kwibaza niba nta gisubizo cy'iki kibazo gihari. Mu by'ukuri hari ibisubizo byiza kuri ibi. Uyu munsi, uretse amashanyarazi dukoresha buri munsi, akozwe mu bintu nka lisansi, mazutu, n'amakara bikurwa mu butaka, tugiye kuvuga ku “zindi ngufu” nazo zibungabunga ibidukikije kandi zikomoka ku bidukikije.
Ese koko izi ngufu zikoreshwa mu buryo bunyuranye ni izihe?
Mu magambo make, izi ni amasoko y'ingufu abaho mu buryo busanzwe kandi adashira. Tuzita kandi "Ingufu Zisubiramo".
Tekereza nawe, amashanyarazi menshi dukoresha ubu akorwa no gutwika ibintu nka amakara, gaze karemano, na peteroli bicukurwa munsi y'ubutaka. Ibyo tubyita "ibikomoka kuri peteroli." Ibi bifata imyaka ibarirwa muri za miriyoni kugira ngo bibeho. Uko dukomeza kubikoresha, ibi bikomoka kuri peteroli bizagenda bishira buhoro buhoro. Nanone, umwotsi urekurwa mu bidukikije iyo tubikoresheje utera ibibazo bikomeye nko kwandura ikirere no gushyuha kw'isi .
Ariko amasoko y'ingufu zindi si ko bimeze. Fata urugero rw'izuba . Kuba ukoresha izuba uyu munsi, ntibivuze ko izuba ritazava ejo. Ni kimwe no ku muyaga. Ibi ni ibintu bitarangira, biza kuri twe mu buryo busanzwe. Rero, muri ubu buryo, tubikoresha kugira ngo tubone ingufu.
Ubwoko bw'ingufu z'ingenzi dushobora gukoresha
Hari ubwoko bwinshi bw'ingenzi bw'ingufu zisimbura izindi buvugwaho cyane kandi bukoreshwa muri Sri Lanka, ndetse no ku isi yose.
1. Ingufu z'izuba
Ubu ni bwo buryo buzwi cyane bwo gukoresha ingufu zisimbura izindi ku isi no muri Sri Lanka. Bukoresha izuba gusa mu gutanga amashanyarazi . Hari uburyo bubiri bw'ingenzi bwo kubikoresha.
- Imashini ikoresha ubushyuhe bw'izuba: Izi zikoresha ubushyuhe bw'izuba mu gushyushya amazi. Ushobora kuba warabonye sisitemu nk'ibigega bishyirwa ku bisenge by'amazu amwe. Izi zishobora gukora amazi ashyushye yo koga no guteka nta mashanyarazi akoreshejwe.
- Ingufu z'izuba (Photovoltaic – PV Panels): Ubu ni bwo buryo buzwi cyane. Muri ubu buryo, imbufu z'ubururu/umukara zishyizwe ku gisenge zihindura imirasire y'izuba mu buryo butaziguye amashanyarazi. Dushobora gukoresha aya mashanyarazi mu ngo kandi niba dufite amashanyarazi menshi, dushobora kuyagurisha mu kigo gishinzwe amashanyarazi. Ibi bitanga amahirwe meza yo kugabanya cyangwa gukuraho amafaranga y'inyemezabuguzi zacu z'amashanyarazi .
2. Ingufu z'umuyaga
Niba warigeze kujya ahantu nka Hambantota na Puttalam, ugomba kuba warabonye abafana banini bashyizwe ku minara minini. Ibyo nibyo byitwa turbine z'umuyaga.
Icyo bibaho muri ibi ni uko ibyuma by'izi turbine bizunguruka mu muyaga wihuta. Hanyuma, amashanyarazi akorwa binyuze muri moteri ihujwe nayo. Izi akenshi zikoreshwa nk'inganda nini zitanga amashanyarazi. Ariko, mu bihugu bimwe na bimwe, hari na turbine nto zikoreshwa mu muyaga zikwiriye amazu.
3. Ingufu z'ubushyuhe
Ubu buryo butari buzwi cyane mu gihugu cyacu nk'ingufu z'izuba n'umuyaga. Ibi bikubiyemo gukoresha ubushyuhe bwinshi mu isi mu gutanga amashanyarazi. Ibi bikubiyemo gutanga amashanyarazi binyuze mu guhinduza turbine n'amazi ashyushye cyangwa umwuka uva munsi y'ubutaka.
Ni gute wakoresha iyi soko y'ingufu mu rugo rwawe?
Tekereza ko wafashe icyemezo cyo gushyiraho sisitemu ya PV y'izuba mu rugo rwawe. Iki si ikintu ushobora kujya mu iduka ukagura ikintu gusa. Ibi bisaba kubona uruhushya n'uburenganzira bukwiye .
Igikuru ni ukubanza gushaka inama ku kigo gifite ubumenyi kandi cyizewe mbere yo gukora ikintu nk'iki.
Muri Sri Lanka, ushobora kubona amakuru kuri ibi mu bigo nka Sri Lanka Sustainable Energy Authority . Ni ngombwa kandi kubaza ibiro bya CEB/LECO byo mu gace utuyemo uko iyi gahunda ikora.
Ikintu cyiza wakora ni ukubona ibiciro bivuye ku bigo byinshi by’inararibonye kandi by’inararibonye bitanga iyi serivisi. Uramutse usobanukiwe neza ingano ya sisitemu ukeneye ukurikije ingano y’amashanyarazi inzu yawe ikenera, ushobora kwirinda amafaranga atari ngombwa.
Ni izihe nyungu n'ibibi by'ingufu zisimbura izindi?
Kimwe n'ibindi byose, izi ngufu zisimbura izindi zifite ibyiza n'ibibi byazo. Reka turebe ibyiza n'ibibi by'ubwo bwoko butatu bw'ingenzi.
| Ingufu z'izuba | |
|---|---|
| Ibyiza | Ibibi |
| Kwangirika kw'ibidukikije ni bike cyane. | Amashanyarazi ntashobora gukorwa nijoro cyangwa mu minsi y'ibicu iyo nta zuba riri. |
| Isoko y'ingufu itagira iherezo. | Ishoramari rya mbere, bivuze ikiguzi cyo kugura panels na system, ni kinini. |
| Inyemezabwishyu z'amashanyarazi zishobora kugabanuka cyane. | Hakenewe umwanya uhagije ku gisenge kugira ngo ushyireho amapaneli. |
| Nta rusaku, nta n'ubuziranenge buhagije. | Kugira ngo amashanyarazi akoreshwe, hakenewe uburyo bwa bateri, nabwo bukaba buhenze. |
| Ingufu z'umuyaga | |
|---|---|
| Ibyiza | Ibibi |
| Ingufu zisukuye kandi zirinda ibidukikije. | Igiciro cyo gushyiraho turbines kiri hejuru. |
| Ibiciro byo gushyira mu bikorwa biri hasi. | Turbine zishobora gutera urusaku no kubangamira amaso. |
| Nta gikorwa gikenewe cyane. | Bigira akamaro gusa iyo hari umuyaga udahinduka. Umuvuduko w'umuyaga uragoye kumenya. |
| Hari ibyago byo gukubita inyoni ku nsinga za turbine, bigatera impanuka. | |
Ubutumwa bwo kujyana mu rugo
- Ingufu zindi ntizigabanya umutungo kamere nk'ibikomoka kuri peteroli. Ziboneka mu buryo busanzwe, ziboneka ku buntu kandi zishobora kongera gukoreshwa nk'izuba n'umuyaga.
- Ibi bigira ingaruka nke cyane ku bidukikije, niyo mpamvu byitwa "ingufu zihumanya ibidukikije".
- Uburyo buzwi cyane muri Sri Lanka ubu ni uburyo bwo gukoresha ingufu zikomoka ku mirasire y'izuba mu mazu. Ubu buryo bushobora kugabanya cyane fagitire y'amashanyarazi.
- Mbere yo gushyiraho sisitemu nk'iyo, banza ushake witonze ikiguzi cya mbere, uburyo bwo kuyisana, n'ibyo ukeneye . Shaka serivisi gusa ku kigo cyemewe.
- Nubwo iri ari ishoramari rinini mu ntangiriro, mu gihe kirekire rishobora kuba ikintu cy'agaciro gakomeye kigufasha kuzigama amafaranga no kurengera ibidukikije.
Ingufu zindi, ingufu zisubiramo, ingufu zikomoka ku mirasire y'izuba, ingufu z'umuyaga, amatara akomoka ku mirasire y'izuba, fagitire y'amatara, amashanyarazi, Siri Lanka
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