Ese uwo ukunda nawe yibagiwe byose? Reka tuvuge ku ndwara yo kwibagirwa!

Ese wigeze ubona ko mama wawe, papa wawe, nyogokuru wawe, cyangwa sogokuru wawe bibagiwe ibintu uko bagenda bakura? Hari igihe biba ibisanzwe kwibagirwa aho imfunguzo zawe ziri, izina ry'umuntu runaka, cyangwa icyo wari ugiye gukora. Nubwo dushobora gutekereza ko ari "uko gusaza," rimwe na rimwe iyo ukwibagirwa gukomeye ku buryo bigorana gukora imirimo ya buri munsi, bishobora kuba intangiriro y'indwara yitwa dementia. Ntugahangayike, tuzaganira kuri ibi mu buryo bworoshye uyu munsi, kugira ngo ubyumve.

Mu by'ukuri indwara ya Dementia ni iki?

Mu magambo make, indwara yo kwibagirwa si indwara imwe. Ni uruhurirane rw'ibimenyetso. Iterwa no kwangirika kw'uturemangingo tw'ubwonko bwacu, bigatuma ubushobozi bwacu bwo gutekereza, kwibuka, gutekereza no gukoresha imvugo bugabanuka buhoro buhoro. Iyi ndwara ishobora kutugiraho ingaruka ku buryo tutakibasha gukora imirimo ya buri munsi twenyine.

Tekereza indwara ya dementia nk'umutaka munini. Hari ubwoko bwinshi bw'indwara muri iyo ndwara. Iy'ingenzi kandi abantu benshi bumvise ni indwara ya Alzheimer . 70%-80% by'abantu bafite dementia bafite dementia iterwa na Alzheimer. Ariko, hari izindi ndwara zigera kuri 50 zitera dementia usibye Alzheimer.

Ntukivange indwara yo kwiheba no kwiheba.

Hari igihe ushobora kubona umuntu ugeze mu za bukuru arakara mu buryo butunguranye, akitwara nk'aho arimo guta umutwe. Ibi tubyita guta ubwenge. Ibi bitandukanye cyane n'indwara yo kwiheba.

• Delirium: Iyi ni indwara ihita ibaho mu buryo butunguranye mu gihe cy'umunsi umwe cyangwa ibiri . Ishobora guterwa n'indwara zandurira mu mubiri, imiti imwe n'imwe, cyangwa nyuma yo kubagwa. Akenshi ishobora kuvurwa igakira burundu .
• Dementia: Iyi ni indwara ikura buhoro buhoro mu mezi cyangwa imyaka . Ubusanzwe biragoye kuyisubiza inyuma.

Ese indwara yo kwiheba ni ikintu gisanzwe mu gusaza?

Iki ni ikibazo abantu benshi bafite. Ni ibisanzwe kwibagirwa utuntu duto uko tugenda dusaza. Ariko indwara yo kwibagirwa ni ikintu gitandukanye. Reka dusobanukirwe neza iri tandukaniro.

Ni izihe mpamvu zitera indwara yo kwibagirwa?

Dementia iterwa no kwangirika kw'uturemangingo tw'imitsi (neurons) mu bwonko bwacu no kubura uburyo bwo kuvugana hagati yatwo. Ibimenyetso biratandukanye bitewe n'aho iki cyangiritse giherereye mu bwonko.

Impamvu z'ingenzi ni izi:

• Indwara ya Alzheimer: Muri iyi ndwara, poroteyine zidakenewe (amyloid plaques) zirundanya hagati y’uturemangingo tw’ubwonko maze ubundi bwoko bwa poroteyine (tau tangles) bugafatana imbere mu turemangingo. Ibi bituma utwo turemangingo dupfa.
• Dementia y'imitsi: Indwara iterwa no kwangirika kw'imitsi ijyana amaraso mu bwonko. Ishobora guterwa n'indwara nk'umuvuduko ukabije w'amaraso, diyabete, cholesterol nyinshi, na stroke.
• Lewy body dementia (LBD): Iyi ndwara iterwa no kurema uduce duto twa poroteyine twitwa Lewy bodies mu turemangingo tw’ubwonko.
• Indwara yo kwibagirwa imbere n'imbere (FTD):Biterwa no kwangirika kw'uturemangingo mu bice by'imbere n'iby'inyuma by'ubwonko. Ibi bishobora gutuma habaho impinduka zikomeye mu myitwarire no mu miterere y'umuntu.
• Ibikomere bikomeye ku mutwe: Ibikomere bikomeye ku mutwe biterwa n'impanuka nabyo bishobora gutera indwara yo kwibagirwa mu gihe kirekire.

Byongeye kandi , impamvu zishobora kuvurwa nko kubura vitamine B12, ibibazo bya tiroyide, hamwe n'izindi ndwara zishobora gutera ibimenyetso bisa n'iby'indwara yo kwibagirwa. Kubwibyo, ni ngombwa cyane kujya kwa muganga ukimara kugira ibibazo byo kwibuka kugira ngo umenye impamvu nyayo.

Ni ibihe bintu bishobora gutera ibyago? - Ibintu twagombye kumenya

Hari ibintu byinshi byongera ibyago byo kurwara indwara yo kwibagirwa:

• Imyaka: Ingaruka ziyongera buhoro buhoro nyuma y'imyaka 65.
• Amateka y'umuryango: Niba hari umuntu wo mu muryango wawe (mama, so, abavandimwe) warwaye indwara yo kwibagirwa, nawe uri mu kaga gakomeye gato.
• Indwara z'umutima: Kutagenzura ibintu nk'umuvuduko ukabije w'amaraso, diyabete, na cholesterol nyinshi.
• Ubuzima: Kunywa itabi, kunywa inzoga nyinshi, indyo itujuje ubuziranenge, no kudakora imyitozo ngororamubiri.
• Ihungabana: Guhangayika igihe kirekire no kwiheba nabyo ni ibintu bishobora gutera ingorane.
• Kwigunga: Kuba wenyine udasabana n'abandi kandi ntuganire nabo si byiza ku buzima bw'ubwonko.

Ni gute wamenya ibimenyetso bya dementia?

Mu ntangiriro z'indwara yo kwibagirwa, ibimenyetso bishobora kuba bitagaragara neza, ariko uko igihe kigenda gihita, birushaho kugaragara.

• Gutakaza kwibuka by'igihe gito: Kwibagirwa ibyavuzwe mu gihe gito gishize, ukibaza ikibazo kimwe inshuro nyinshi.
• Ibibazo byo kuvugana: Kugorwa no kubona amagambo akwiye mu gihe uvuga, gusitara ku byo ugerageza kuvuga.
• Kuzimira: Kutabasha kubona inzira yawe mu nzira inyuramo neza, ndetse no mu mudugudu wawe.
• Kugorwa no gukora imirimo isanzwe: Kuvanga intambwe z'imirimo yoroshye nko guteka icyayi, guteka ifunguro, cyangwa kwishyura fagitire.
• Impinduka mu miterere n'imyitwarire: Kurushaho kurakara, guhangayika, gukeka abandi cyangwa kutitaho kurusha mbere.
• Kubona cyangwa kumva ibintu bidasanzwe (Hallucinations): Kuvuga ko ubona cyangwa wumva ibintu bitariho mu by'ukuri.
• Kwibeshya: Kwemera cyane ibintu bitari ukuri (urugero: gutekereza ko hari umuntu wibye amafaranga).

Ni ubuhe buryo bwo kuvura indwara yo kwiheba?

Nubwo ubwoko bwinshi bw'indwara yo kwibagirwa budashobora gukira burundu, hari uburyo bwo kuvura bushobora kugenzura ibimenyetso no kugabanya ukwiyongera kw'indwara.

1. Imiti:

• Ibinini bya kolinesterase(Urugero: Donepezil, Rivastigmine): Ibi bikora mu kongera urugero rw'ikintu mu bwonko gifasha kwibuka no gutekereza. Ibi bikunze gutangwa mu bihe bya mbere n'ibiri hagati bya Alzheimer.
• Memantine: Ibi bifasha kugenzura ibimenyetso mu cyiciro cyo hagati n'icyakomeye cy'indwara.
• Byongeye kandi, muganga ashobora no kuguha indi miti yo kurwanya ibibazo by’imyitwarire (imihangayiko, kwiheba).

2. Uburyo bwo kuvura butari ubwo gukoresha imiti:

• Ubuvuzi bw'akazi: Butanga uburyo bwo gukora imirimo ya buri munsi mu mutekano no mu buryo bworoshye.
• Gutegura ibidukikije: Ni ngombwa kugabanya ibintu bitari ngombwa mu rugo no gushyiraho ahantu horoshye kandi hatarangwa akajagari. Guma ahantu hashobora guteza akaga umurwayi (imihoro, ibisuguti) ahantu hatagaragara.
• Gahunda ihoraho: Gukora gahunda nko kurya, koga no kuryama icyarimwe buri munsi bishobora kugabanya imihangayiko y'umurwayi.

Wabaho ute n'indwara yo kwiheba? - Inama ku barwayi n'ababitaho

Gusuzuma indwara yo kwibagirwa bishobora gutera ubwoba umurwayi n'umuryango we. Ariko, iyo uhawe ubufasha n'igenamigambi bikwiye, birashoboka kubaho ubuzima bwiza.

Ku murwayi:

• Komeza gukora siporo: Ikora imyitozo ngororamubiri n'imikino ikangura ubwonko (amahimbano, chess).
• Komeza gusabana n'abandi: Ganira n'inshuti n'abavandimwe.
• Kurya indyo yuzuye: Kurya indyo yuzuye.
• Ganira ku byiyumvo byawe: Sangiza ibyiyumvo byawe umuntu wizeye.

Ku barera abana:

• Ihangane: Niba bakubajije ikintu kimwe kenshi, ubatege amatwi witonze. Ntugerageze kujya impaka nabo.
• Vuga mu buryo bworoshye: Vuga mu nteruro ngufi kandi zoroshye. Ntukabaze ibibazo byinshi icyarimwe.
• Wite ku mutekano: Menya neza umutekano wabo haba imbere no hanze y'urugo.
• Tekereza nawe ubwawe: Kwita ku muntu urwaye indwara yo kwibagirwa bishobora kugorana mu mutwe no mu mubiri. Fata umwanya wo kuruhuka no gutekereza ku buzima bwawe. Saba ubufasha niba ubukeneye.