Ese hari itandukaniro rito hagati y'amaso yawe n'ubwonko bwawe? Reka twige ku kibazo cyo kutabona neza kw'amaso (BVD)!

Ese rimwe na rimwe urwara umutwe? Cyangwa wumva imirongo y'inyandiko irimo gusimbuka cyangwa ubona ibintu bibiri icyarimwe iyo usoma igitabo cyangwa ikinyamakuru? Cyangwa hari igihe amaso yawe yumva ananiwe kandi aremereye? Impamvu imwe y'ibi bintu ishobora kuba ikibazo gito ku mikoranire y'amaso yawe n'ubwonko bwawe. Tugiye kuvuga ku kibazo nk'iki uyu munsi. Byitwa kudakora neza kw'amaso, cyangwa nk'uko abaganga babyita `(Binocular Vision Dysfunction - BVD)`.

Ikibazo cyo Kubona Binocular Kiba Kibi Ni Iki?

Muri make, ikibazo cyo kutabona neza mu maso (BVD) ni igihe amaso yawe n'ubwonko bwawe bidakorana neza. Iyo ibi bibaye, ntitubona isi nk'ishusho imwe, isobanutse neza. Si indwara imwe, ni nk'umutaka. Hashobora kubaho indwara zitandukanye munsi y'uwo mutaka. Buri kimwe muri ibyo gishobora kugira impamvu zacyo zihariye.

Iyo turebye n'amaso yombi, ijisho rimwe ryohereza ibimenyetso bike bitandukanye mu bwonko, irindi ryohereza ibimenyetso bike bitandukanye. Aho niho kureba binocular bitangirira. Hari inzego eshatu z'ingenzi zo kureba binocular:

1. Gusobanukirwa amagufwa y'amaso : Hagati muri retina iri imbere mu jisho ryawe hari igice cyitwa macula . Ibi nibyo bidufasha kubona ibintu biri imbere yacu, cyane cyane utuntu duto. Gusobanukirwa amagufwa y'amaso bivuze ko amaso yombi ashobora kubona ikintu kimwe neza. Uru ni rwo rwego rworoshye rwo kubona inyenyeri.

2. Guhuza : Aha niho ubwonko bwawe bukoresha ibimenyetso biva mu maso yombi kugira ngo bukore amashusho abiri atandukanye, hanyuma "bukayahuza", bugahuza ibice bihuye kugira ngo bukore ishusho imwe nini. Tekereza nko gushyira hamwe amashusho abiri.

3. Stereopsis : Uru ni rwo rwego rwo hejuru cyane rw'iyerekwa rya binocular. Ibi bivuze ko ubwonko bwawe bushobora gukora ibirenze kongeramo amashusho abiri gusa. Bukoresha itandukaniro rito mu nguni n'intera amaso yawe abonamo ibintu kugira ngo buguhe kureba mu buryo bwa 3D no kumva mu buryo bw'ubujyakuzimu . Uku ni ko tumenya neza uko ikintu kiri kure n'ubujyakuzimu.

Iyi ndwara ya `(BVD)` ikunze kugaragara gute?

Hari indwara nyinshi zishingiye ku ijambo "BVD". Nubwo nyinshi zidakunze kugaragara cyane, zimwe zirakunze kugaragara cyane. Urugero rumwe ni "ijisho ry'ubunebwe" cyangwa, mu magambo y'ubuvuzi, "amblyopia" . Muri Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika honyine, abantu bari hagati ya miliyoni 6 na 13 barwaye iyi ndwara. Hari n'abantu bafite iyi ndwara muri Sri Lanka.

Ni ibihe bimenyetso bya BVD?

Ubwonko bwawe bukoresha kureba binocular kugira ngo bukore cyangwa bushyigikire izindi gahunda n'ubushobozi butandukanye. Zimwe muri zo zishobora gusa nkaho zidafitanye isano n'amaso, ariko BVD ishobora kubangamira iyo ari yo yose muri izi gahunda. Zimwe muri izo ngaruka ni nto, bityo ntizitera ikibazo kinini. Ariko izindi zishobora kubangamira cyane, rimwe na rimwe zikabangamira akazi kawe cyangwa ibyo ukunda.

Ingaruka zijyanye n'ububabare

Iyo ufite BVD, amaso yawe n'ubwonko bigomba gukora cyane kugira ngo bihindure kandi bisubize icyo gihombo. Uku guhangayika kwinshi gushobora gutuma imitsi ikikije amaso yawe irushaho kugorana. Ibi bishobora kandi gutera kugorana k'umutwe no mu ijosi, bigatera kuribwa umutwe . Hari indwara zibabaza zishobora guterwa na BVD zirimo:

• Kubabara amaso.
• Gukomeretsa amaso (asthenopia).
• Umutwe.
• Ububabare iyo urimo kwimura amaso.

Ingaruka zijyanye n'amaso

Ibibazo byo kutabona bishobora guterwa na BVD cyangwa bigaterwa na BVD. Hari igihe bigorana kumenya niba ibindi bibazo biterwa na BVD cyangwa niba hari ibindi bibazo bitera BVD. Ibibazo byo kutabona bishobora guterwa na BVD birimo:

• Kubona nabi, kutabona neza.
• Kubona ibintu bibiri icyarimwe (diplopia) .
• Kumva urumuri (photophobia).
• Kubona ibintu neza nk'aho bikikijwe n'igicucu.
• Kugorwa no kubona (kwibanda) ibintu byegeranye neza.
• Kutabona neza nijoro (`nyctalopia`).
• Kugorwa no kureba ecran za mudasobwa na ecran za telefoni (`syndrome yo kureba mudasobwa`).
• Kugorwa no kubona cyangwa kumenya ibintu bito, bitazwi neza, cyangwa biri kure.

Izindi ngaruka zitajyanye no kureba, ariko zigaragara

Ibi bifitanye isano n'ibindi byumviro, ariko kureba birafasha muri ibi. Urugero rwiza ni ukwihangana k'umubiri wawe. Ibi biva cyane cyane mu gutwi kwawe imbere. Ariko amakuru ava mu maso yawe anafasha ibyuma bipima kuringaniza mu gutwi kwawe. Urugero, niba uri gusoma igitabo utwaye imodoka, bamwe bumva bashaka kuruka bitewe n'uko bidafite ubusumbane. Dore zimwe mu ngaruka zishobora kubaho kuri BVD:

• Ibibazo bijyanye n'uburinganire bw'umubiri.
• Ibibazo byo guhuza imikorere (cyane cyane guhuza imikorere y'intoki n'amaso). Urugero, kugorwa no gufata umupira cyangwa gutera urufunguzo.
• Kumva ufite urujijo (Kubura icyerekezo).
• Kuzungera cyangwa kumva ufite umutwe ukeye.
• Bigiye kugwa.
• Kurwara isesemi no kuruka iyo uri mu rugendo (kurwara imigendere).
• Kugorwa no kugenda mu murongo ugororotse, gukubitana kenshi n'ibikoresho byo mu nzu n'inzugi.
• Kumva umeze nk'uri kuzunguruka nubwo waba uhagaze (vertigo).

Ingaruka zijyanye no gusoma

Izi ngaruka zishobora kugaragara iyo usoma. Ku bana, ibi bishobora kugaragara nk'ubumuga bwo kwiga nka dyslexia.Abarimu batojwe kumenya ibibazo byo gusoma bashobora kubibona mu bana. Ariko kugira ngo bamenye neza niba ibi biterwa na ``(BVD)`` cyangwa ikindi kintu, bisaba ibizamini bitandukanye. Ingaruka ku gusoma:

• Kumva unaniwe mu maso.
• Gukunda gusimbuka imirongo cyangwa impapuro mu gihe usoma (ibi birimo gusoma ukoresheje ikintu nk'agasanduku cyangwa urutoki).
• Gusoma incuro nyinshi kugira ngo ubyumve neza, kandi nubwo bimeze bityo biragoye kubyumva.
• Gutegura inzira y'imirongo mu gihe usoma.
• Urukurikirane rw'imibare miremire (cyane cyane iyo umubare umwe usubiwemo) biragoye gusoma, kuko bitagaragara neza nta kimenyetso nk'akabuto.
• Amagambo asa n'aho afatanye.

Ingaruka zo mu mutwe

Ibi byose bibaho kubera ko ibibazo byo kutabona bituma bigorana guhangana n'ibintu runaka cyangwa ibidukikije bimwe na bimwe. Ingero:

• Kwirinda ahantu hahurira abantu benshi, kuko icyo gihe uzumva uremerewe cyane kandi ukumva uremerewe, uhangayitse, kandi ufite ubwoba.
• Kugorwa no kuguma ahantu hafite urumuri rwinshi kandi hafite amabara menshi, nko mu maduka manini n'amaduka.
• Ubwoba budasanzwe bw'ahantu hahurira abantu benshi cyangwa ahantu hanini/hafunguye (`agoraphobia`).
• Kumva ufite ubwoba cyangwa uhangayikishijwe n'ibikorwa bishobora kubonwa n'abandi, nko gutwara imodoka cyangwa gukina siporo, cyangwa bishobora guteza akaga.
• Kugorwa no kureba mu maso mu gihe muganira imbonankubone.

Kuki ibi `(BVD)` bibaho?

Hari ubwoko bwinshi bw'ibintu bishobora gutera cyangwa gutera BVD:

• Ibibazo byo kutabona neza.
• Ibibazo by'amaso.
• Ibibazo by'ubwonko.
• Ibibazo biterwa no guhuza ibintu byinshi (ibintu byinshi).

Ibibazo byo kutabona

Ubu bwoko burimo impinduka cyangwa impinduka mu buryo amaso yawe areba urumuri kuri retina. Urugero, amakosa yo kugarura urumuri:

• Kugorwa no kubona hafi uko ugenda ukura (presbyopia).
• Ubwijime bw'amaso.
• Kureba kure (ibintu biri kure birasobanutse, ibintu biri hafi y'aho biri nta mucyo - `hyperopia`).
• Kutareba kure (ibintu biri hafi y'aho biri biragaragara, ibintu biri kure biragaragara - `myopia`).

Ibibazo by'amaso

Ibi bivuga impinduka mu buryo amaso yawe agenda cyangwa akora hamwe. Urugero, aho amaso adahuye neza. Strabismus (amaso yashyizwe ku ruhande) na amblyopia (ijisho ry'ubunebwe) ni ingero ebyiri zisanzwe z'ibi.

Ibibazo by'imitsi

Ibi ni ibibazo biri mu mikorere y’imitsi. Bishobora kuba birimo ibibazo biri mu mikorere y’imitsi imwe n’imwe igenzura imyitwarire y’amaso, cyangwa ibibazo biri mu mikorere y’imitsi ya retina n’iy’amaso. Bishobora kandi kuba birimo ibibazo biri mu bwonko bwawe budashobora gutunganya amakuru bubona neza.

Hari ibintu byinshi bitandukanye bishobora gutera ibi. Ingero zimwe na zimwe:

• Indwara ziterwa n'ubwonko, urugero nko kurwara umutwe cyangwa gucika imitsi.
• Indwara zishingiye ku mitsi, urugero, indwara ya gatandatu y'imitsi.
• Indwara z'imitsi, urugero, indwara yo kudahangarwa neza/kubura imbaraga nyinshi mu mutwe (ADHD).

BVD iterwa n'ibintu byinshi bitandukanye.

Hari ibintu bimwe na bimwe bitashobora gushyirwa mu cyiciro kimwe gusa muri ibi byavuzwe haruguru. Ahubwo, bishobora guteza ibibazo bitandukanye.

Imvune zo mu mutwe, cyane cyane izo mu bwonko (indwara zo mu bwonko cyangwa indwara zikomeretsa ubwonko - TBIs), ni urugero rw'ibi. Abantu bakomeretse mu mutwe bashobora kugira ibibazo byo kureba neza kw'amaso n'uburyo ubwonko bukoresha amakuru aturuka mu byo bureba. Urugero, indi ndwara ni migraine yo mu mutwe. Ibi bishobora kugira ingaruka ku buryo butunguranye ku kureba kwawe, kuringaniza kw'umubiri, n'imikorere y'ubwonko.

Nanone, umuntu ashobora kugira indwara nyinshi zigira uruhare mu gutera BVD. Urugero, umuntu wavutse afite amblyopia (ijisho ry'ubunebwe) ashobora kugira stroke mu gihe akuze. Nubwo izi ndwara ebyiri ziba mu bihe bitandukanye mu buzima, zombi zishobora gutera BVD mu gihe cy'izabukuru.

Ni izihe ngorane zishobora guterwa na `(BVD)`?

Hari ingorane nyinshi zishobora kubaho kuri BVD. Biterwa n'icyayiteye, igihe cyabereye mu buzima bwawe, n'izindi ndwara ufite. Muganga w'amaso ni we muntu mwiza wo kukubwira ingorane zishobora guterwa n'uburwayi bwawe.

`(BVD)` n'ubusembwa bwo kutabona bushobora kwirindwa

Abana bashobora kugira ikibazo gikomeye kandi gihoraho cyitwa "lazy eye" (amblyopia), kiri mu cyiciro cya "BVD." Ku bw'amahirwe, iki kibazo gikunze kwirindwa iyo kimenyekanye hakiri kare kugira ngo givurwe.

Iyo ufite BVD, ubwonko bwawe bugorwa no gukoresha amakuru aturuka mu maso yombi. Iyo ibi bibaye ku bana, ubwonko bwabo butangira kwishingikiriza cyane ku jisho rimwe kuruta irindi. Iyo ibi bibaye, ijisho ritakoreshejwe rirushaho kuba rikennye.

Ariko, kugira ngo ibice by'ubwonko bw'umwana bitunganya amaso bikure neza, agomba kwakira amakuru akwiye aturutse ku maso yombi. Iyo aretse gukoresha ijisho rimwe kubera amblyopia, ako gace k'ubwonko ntigakura neza. Ahubwo, kubura amakuru y'ingirakamaro byangiza isano iri hagati y'uturemangingo tw'ubwonko muri ako gace, amaherezo bikaba burundu. Niyo mpamvu ari ngombwa cyane kumenya no kuvura amblyopia, cyane cyane akiri muto.

Ni gute iyi ndwara ya `(BVD)` ipimwa?

Ubusanzwe indwara ya BVD ipimwa n'umuganga w'amaso. Ariko, hari indwara zimwe na zimwe, nka amblyopia, zigezwa ku baganga b'abana. Bayisuzuma ubwabo cyangwa bakakohereza kwa muganga w'amaso ushobora kuyisuzuma no kuyivura.

Isuzuma ry'amaso risanzweUbu ni bwo buryo bw'ingirakamaro bwo gusuzuma BVD. Muri iki kizamini, harebwa uko amaso yawe ahagaze n'uko ubona muri rusange. Ibindi bizamini bishobora gufasha kumenya ibibazo byihariye bifitanye isano na BVD. Muganga w'amaso ni we muntu mwiza wo kukubwira ibindi bizamini agusaba n'uko byagufasha.

BVD ivurwa ite?

Uburyo bwo kuvura `(BVD)` bushobora gutandukana cyane, kuko hari indwara nyinshi zishobora kubitera cyangwa zikagira uruhare muri byo. Inzira ikora ku ndwara zimwe na zimwe zitera `(BVD)` ishobora kudakora ku zindi (kandi uburyo butari bwo bushobora no gutuma indwara irushaho kuba mbi).

Ubusanzwe uburyo bwo kuvura ibibazo byo kureba n'amaso bugamije gukosora cyangwa kugabanya imiterere mibi y'amaso yawe. Bumwe mu buryo busanzwe bwo kuvura burimo:

• Ubuvuzi bwo kureba : Ibi bizakwigisha imyitozo yihariye yo gukomeza imitsi y'amaso yawe. Uzamenya kandi ibyo udakwiye gukora kugira ngo amaso yawe agume mu mwanya wayo.
• Indorerwamo n'ama prismu byo gukosora : Hari igihe indorerwamo (kandi, akenshi, ama contact lenses) zishobora gufasha kuri BVD. Zihindura uburyo urumuri rwinjira mu jisho, ibyo bikaba byafasha ubwoko bumwe na bumwe bwa BVD.
• OnabotulinumtoxinA (Botox®) : Uyu ni umuti ubuza imitsi ku mitsi igenzura imyitwarire y'amaso yawe. Ibi bishobora gufasha mu gihe imitsi yawe ihinda cyane ku ruhande rumwe.

Hari ubundi buryo bwinshi bwo kuvura, cyane cyane indwara z'imitsi (BVD). Inzobere mu by'amaso irashobora kukubwira uburyo bwo kuvura bugusaba. Ishobora kandi kukubwira ingaruka mbi cyangwa impungenge ushobora kugira kuri ubwo buryo bwo kuvura, n'icyo wakora kuri bwo.

Ni iki nakwitega mu gihe mfite `(BVD)`?

Icyo ushobora kwitega iyo ufite BVD kiratandukanye nk'uko indwara zishobora kuyitera cyangwa zikagira uruhare muri yo. Muganga wawe w'amaso ni we muntu mwiza wo kukubwira icyo ushobora kwitega cyangwa ugomba kwitega. Ashobora kandi kukubwira igihe bizamara, uko uburwayi bwawe buhagaze, n'icyo wakora kugira ngo ubyirinde (niba bishoboka cyangwa bibaye ngombwa).

Ese BVD ishobora kwirindwa?

BVD ntishobora kwirindwa 100%. Ariko hari ibintu bike ushobora gukora kugira ngo ugabanye ibyago byo kuyirwara, cyangwa byibuze ukayirinda ko irushaho kuba mbi.

• Irinde imvune zo mu mutwe n'iz'amaso : Hari uburyo bwinshi bwo kwirinda BVD guterwa n'imvune zo mu maso cyangwa mu mutwe. Kwambara ingofero zirinda amaso, ingofero, n'imikandara yo kwirinda (nk'imikandara yo mu modoka) bishobora gufasha cyane.
• Suzuma amaso yawe buri gihe.: Gusuzuma amaso buri gihe ni nko gusuzuma amaso yawe. Ndetse n'abadakeneye indorerwamo cyangwa indorerwamo zo mu maso bagomba kwisuzumisha amaso kabiri mu mwaka. Ibi bizamini bishobora kuguha ibibazo byinshi mbere yuko ugira ibimenyetso. Nanone, bimwe mu bibazo babona (nk'amakosa yo mu bwonko) bishobora gutera cyangwa bigatera BVD.
• Ntukirengagize ibimenyetso by'amaso : Niba ufite ibibazo byoroheje kandi bikubangamiye bimaze iminsi cyangwa ibyumweru bike, ntubyirengagize. Bishobora kuba ibimenyetso bya mbere by'ikibazo nka BVD. Urugero, kubona amaso abiri, gucika intege, cyangwa umunaniro (cyane cyane niba usoma cyane cyangwa ureba mudasobwa igihe kirekire).

Niba hari umuntu wo mu muryango wawe ufite indwara zishobora gutera BVD, ni byiza kuvugana n'inzobere mu by'amaso kuri iyo ndwara. Bashobora kukubwira ikindi wakora kugira ngo ugabanye ubukana bwa BVD, utinde kuyirwara, cyangwa (niba bishoboka) ndetse no kuyikumira.

Ni ryari ngomba kubonana na muganga cyangwa gushaka inama kwa muganga?

Indwara nyinshi zishobora gutera "BVD" zishobora kuba mbi cyangwa zigahungabanya ubuzima, ariko inyinshi muri zo ntabwo ari mbi. Ariko, indwara zo mu bwonko n'indwara zo mu bwonko zifata igihe gito (TIAs) ni indwara zidasanzwe kandi zishobora gushyira ubuzima mu kaga.

Gucika intege mu bwonko n'ibitero by'indwara z'umutima (TIAs) ni ibintu byihutirwa mu buzima bishobora gushyira ubuzima mu kaga. Niba utekereza ko ushobora kuba ufite ibimenyetso by'indwara y'umutima cyangwa TIA, hamagara 911 (cyangwa nimero y'ubutabazi yo mu gace utuyemo) ako kanya.

Ni ibihe bibazo ngomba kubaza umuganga w'amaso?

Ushobora kubaza muganga w'amaso ibi bibazo:

• Ni ubuhe bwoko bwa `(BVD)` mfite, cyangwa ni iki kibitera?
• Indwara yanjye ya `(BVD)` ikomeye gute, kandi ishobora kuzarushaho kuba mbi?
• Ese indwara yanjye (BVD) isaba kuvurwa? Niba ari byo, ni ubuhe buryo bwo kuvura wangira inama?
• Ese `(BVD)` ishobora kuvurwa/gusubizwa inyuma?

Ubutumwa bwo kujyana mu rugo

Kutabona neza kw'amaso (BVD) ni ikimenyetso cy'uko hari ikintu kirimo kugira ingaruka ku buryo amaso yawe akora hamwe ndetse n'ubwonko bwawe. Bivuze ko utabona isi nk'ishusho imwe, isobanutse neza. Impamvu nyinshi si mbi cyane - usibye indwara zo mu bwonko n'indwara zo mu bwonko zifata igihe gito (TIAs) (zikunze kubaho hamwe n'ibindi bimenyetso bigaragara).

Ariko, nubwo atari akaga, BVD ishobora gutuma bigorana gukora, kwishimira ibyo ukora, cyangwa kumarana umwanya n'abo ukunda. Niba ufite ibimenyetso bya BVD, ntubyakire gusa cyangwa ngo ugerageze kubana na byo. Kubonana n'inzobere mu by'amaso bishobora kugufasha kubona uburyo bwo kuvura bushobora gusubiza inyuma cyangwa guhagarika BVD.Hanyuma ushobora kubaho nta mbogamizi zigaragara hagati yawe n'ibintu by'ingenzi kuri wewe.

Kutabona neza kw'amaso, BVD, ibibazo byo kubona, kureba kabiri, amaso y'ubunebwe , amblyopia, guhangayika kw'amaso, kuribwa umutwe, kutabona neza