Ubuhumyi: Reka tubimenyeshe - Nirogi Lanka

Amaso yawe ameze nk'amabuye y'agaciro, si byo se? Tekereza uburyo byahindura ubuzima bwawe hagize ikintu kigutera kubona isi. Uyu munsi, tugiye kuganira ku ngingo ikomeye kandi ikunze gutera ubwoba: ubuhumyi. Niba uhuye n'ikibazo cyo kutabona gitunguranye, nyamuneka bifate nk'ikibazo cyihutirwa cy'ubuvuzi kandi ushake ubuvuzi bw'inzobere vuba na bwangu.

Ubuhumyi ni iki mu by'ukuri kandi ni ubuhe bwoko bwabwo?

Mu magambo make, ubuhumyi ni ukubura amaso. Kuri bamwe, ibi bivuze kudashobora kubona urumuri na ruto. Kenshi na kenshi, iyi ndwara ntishobora gukosorwa n'indorerwamo, indorerwamo zo mu bwoko bwa contact lenses, imiti, cyangwa kubagwa.

Reka turebe ubwoko butandukanye bw'ubuhumyi:

1. Ubuhumyi bw'igice / Kutabona neza

Muri iki gihe, uracyafite ubushobozi bwo kureba, ariko biragorana cyane ku buryo imirimo ya buri munsi igorana. Benshi babyita "Kureba hasi." Ushobora gusanga ubona gusa inyandiko nini cyangwa ko kureba kwawe gusa n'aho kudasobanutse neza.

2. Ubuhumyi bwuzuye

Iyi ni indwara idakunze kubaho aho udashobora kubona neza na gato, bivuze ko udashobora no kubona urumuri.

3. Ubuhumyi bw'ivuka ryacu

Hari abantu bavukana ubumuga bwo kutabona. Ibi bishobora guterwa n'indwara z'uruhererekane zigira ingaruka ku maso no kuri retina, cyangwa se n'ingorane zivuka mu gihe cyo kuvuka.

4. Ubuhumyi bwemewe n'amategeko

Iri ni icyiciro cya tekiniki. Ufatwa nk'impumyi mu buryo bwemewe n'amategeko iyo icyerekezo cyawe cyo hagati, nubwo waba ufite indorerwamo nziza zo kuvura, kiri munsi y'umurongo runaka. Mu by'ukuri, kugira ngo ubone ikintu kiri kuri metero 20 umuntu ufite icyerekezo gisanzwe yabona kuri metero 200, byaba ngombwa ko uba wegereye cyane, cyangwa icyo kintu kikaba kinini inshuro icumi. Ibi byitwa 20/200 view . Ufatwa kandi nk'impumyi mu buryo bwemewe n'amategeko niba icyerekezo cyawe cyo ku ruhande (ku ruhande) kigenzurwa ku nguni ya dogere 20 cyangwa munsi yayo.

5. Ubuhumyi bw'imirire

Iki ni ikibazo gishobora kwirindwa. Giterwa no kubura Vitamine A cyane. Iyo kitavuwe, iki kibazo gishobora kwangiza ubuso bw'ijisho ryawe, indwara izwi nka Xerophthalmia. Byongeye kandi, ubushobozi bwawe bwo kubona mu rumuri ruto bushobora kugabanuka cyane kuko uturemangingo two muri retina yawe tudashobora gukora neza.

Tekereza kuri ibi: Indyo yawe igira uruhare runini mu kurinda icyerekezo cyawe!

Gusobanukirwa ubuhumyi bw'amabara

Ushobora kuba warumvise iby’ “ubuhumyi bw’amabara.” Ibi bitandukanye n’ubwoko bw’ubuhumyi bwavuzwe haruguru. Byerekeza ku kugorwa no gutandukanya amabara amwe n’amwe. Ibi bishobora kuba umurage cyangwa bigakura mu myaka yashize bitewe no kwangirika kwa retina cyangwa imitsi y’amaso. Iyo ubona isi mu ibara ry’umukara, umweru, n’imvi gusa, ibi byitwa Achromatopsia.

Ubuhumyi bushobora kwirindwa

Ibi bibaho iyo ikibazo cyo kutabona giterwa n’indwara ishobora kuvurwa itarakemuwe ku gihe, akenshi bitewe no kubura uburyo bwo kwivuza. Urugero, niba urwaye Diyabete Mellitus kandi ntuyifate neza, ushobora kurwara Diyabete Retinopathy, ishobora gutuma utabona neza. Mu buryo nk’ubwo, umuvuduko ukabije w’amaraso ushobora gutera indwara yo kubura amaraso.

Ubuhumyi bukunze kugaragara gute?

Ubuhumyi ni ikibazo kibangamiye isi yose kandi kiri mu miryango yacu. Bushobora kugira ingaruka kuri buri wese. Imibare igaragaza ko abantu bagera kuri miliyoni 43 ku isi barwaye ubuhumyi, umubare munini cyane ukaba ubana n’ubumuga bwo kutabona neza.

Ni ibihe bimenyetso by'umuburo byo kutabona neza?

Ku buhumyi busesuye, ikimenyetso cy'ibanze ni ukubura ubushobozi bwo kubona urumuri. Ariko, uko kureba bitangiye kugabanuka, ushobora kubona ibimenyetso bikurikira by'umuburo:

• Kubona nabi cyangwa kutabona neza.
• Kubabara amaso .
• Kubona "udupira" (utudomo duto cyangwa utugozi tugenda mu mucyo wawe) cyangwa kubona urumuri.
• Kongera ubushobozi bwo kumva urumuri (Photophobia).
• Gutakaza amaso mu buryo butunguranye cyangwa kugaragara kw'ibizinga byijimye mu maso yawe.

Niba ubonye kimwe muri ibi bimenyetso, nyamuneka gana muganga vuba aha mu ishami ryihutiye cyangwa ivuriro ry’amaso riri hafi yawe.

Ni iki gitera ubuhumyi?

Hari impamvu nyinshi zitera ubuhumyi, kuva ku gukomereka mu maso ku bw'impanuka kugeza ku kwandura indwara n'ibindi bibazo by'ubuzima.

1. Ibikomere by'amaso / Ihungabana ry'amaso

Gukomereka mu jisho bishobora kubaho mu buryo butandukanye kandi akenshi bigira ingaruka ku jisho rimwe cyane.

• Gutwika imiti biturutse ku bintu byangiza ubuzima.
• Guhura n'ibintu bifite uburozi .
• Amakimbirane ashingiye ku mubiri.
• Impanuka ziterwa n'ibishashi by'umuriro.
• Impanuka cyangwa kugwa ku kazi.
• Impanuka z'ibinyabiziga.
• Ibikomere bifitanye isano na siporo.

Ibi bishobora kwangiza bikomeye bigatuma umuntu atabasha kubona neza.

2. Kwandura indwara

Ubwandu butandukanye bushobora gutera ubuhumyi bukabije cyangwa ubuhumyi bukabije:

• Trakoma: Impamvu nyamukuru itera ubuhumyi bushobora kwirindwa ku isi yose.
• Virusi ya Cytomegalovirus ( virusi ).
• Endophthalmitis ( Endophthalmitis ): Indwara ikomeye iri mu mboni y'ijisho.
• Histoplasmose.
• Keratite: Indwara ya cornea, nka Acanthamoeba Keratite.
• Rubela.
• Indwara y'ibisebe: Iterwa na virusi ya Herpes Zoster.
• Indwara ya syphilis.
• Toxoplasmose.
• Uveitis ( Uveitis ): Kubyimba kw'urwego rwo hagati rw'ijisho (uvea).

3. Indwara zitandura

Uretse kwandura indwara, indwara zitandukanye zishobora gutera ubuhumyi iyo zibaye zikomeye cyangwa zigakomeza kutagira umuti.

• Retinitis Pigmentosa: Iri ni itsinda ry'indwara zidasanzwe ziterwa no kwangirika no gutakaza uturemangingo muri retina—uturemangingo tw’urumuri duherereye inyuma y’ijisho. Uko indwara ikomeza, utwo turemangingo tugenda dushira buhoro buhoro. Ushobora kubanza kubona ingorane zo kubona nijoro, hanyuma ugatakaza ubushobozi bwo kureba ku ruhande.
• Kugabanuka k'amashusho bifitanye isano n'imyaka (AMD): Iyi ndwara igira ingaruka ku macula, igice gito cyo hagati cya retina yawe gishinzwe kureba neza no hagati. Iyo yangiritse, imirimo nko gusoma cyangwa kumenya amasura iragorana cyane, nubwo ushobora kugumana amaso yawe yo ku ruhande.
• Indwara yo mu maraso y’abana bato (ROP): Iyi ndwara ikunze kwibasira abana bato. Itera imiyoboro y’amaraso muri retine gukura mu buryo budasanzwe, bishobora gutera inkovu no kwangirika kw’ijisho. Iyo itavuwe, ishobora kwangiza cyane imikorere y’amaso cyangwa igatera ubuhumyi.
• Indwara ya cataract: Indwara ya cataract ibaho iyo indorerwamo y'ijisho ryawe ibaye ibicu. Ibi bigabanya ubushobozi bwo kureba neza kandi bikagabanya ubwiza. Iyo itavuwe, indwara ya cataract ikomeye ishobora gutuma utabona neza cyangwa uhuma, nubwo akenshi ishobora kuvurwa neza no kubagwa.
• Indwara ya diyabete yo mu maraso: Niba urwaye diyabete, isukari nyinshi mu maraso ishobora kwangiza imiyoboro y'amaraso yoroshye muri retina yawe. Nubwo ushobora kubona impinduka nke mu maso mu ntangiriro, iyo ndwara ishobora kuzamuka ikagera ku gutakaza ubushobozi bwo kureba cyangwa guhuma cyane iyo idafashwe neza.
• Glaucoma: Iyi ni itsinda ry'indwara zangiza imitsi yawe y'amaso. Akenshi itangirana no kubura ubushobozi bwo kureba ku ruhande kandi ishobora kugera ku buhumyi bukabije niba umuvuduko uri mu jisho udagenzuwe.
• Leber Hereditary Optic Neuropathy: Ubu ni ubwoko bw'indwara yo kutabona ivuka. Igishimishije ni uko ikunze kugaragara ku bagabo kurusha ku bagore, akenshi nta mpamvu igaragara ihari.
• Kurwara amaso: Iyi ni indwara idasanzwe ivukana aho umwana avuka adafite ijisho rimwe cyangwa yombi.
• Microphthalmos: Iyi ni indwara aho ijisho rimwe cyangwa yombi riba rito cyane mu gihe cyo kuvuka. Aya maso ashobora kuba afite imikorere mike cyangwa adakora neza.
• Stroke: Stroke ibaho mu gice cy'ubwonko bwawe gitunganya kureba, nk'agace k'amaso, ishobora gutuma utabona neza. Stroke ibangamira uburyo amaraso anyura mu bwonko, bigatuma ibigo bikora ubushakashatsi ku bushobozi bwo kureba byangirika.
• Kanseri: Kanseri z'amaso nka retinoblastoma, cyangwa ibibyimba mu mwobo w'ijisho (utubyimba two mu gice cy'ijisho), zishobora gutera ubumuga bukomeye bwo kutabona cyangwa gutakaza ubushobozi bwo kureba.
• Kubura intungamubiri: Indyo mbi ishobora kugira ingaruka ku bushobozi bwawe bwo kureba. Kubura Vitamine A ni yo mpamvu nyamukuru, ariko amaso yawe anakenera vitamine B zitandukanye n'imyunyu ngugu y'ingenzi kugira ngo agire ubuzima bwiza.

Ubuhumyi bupimwa bute?

Muganga wawe azasuzuma neza amaso yombi, kuko ubuhumyi rimwe na rimwe bushobora kugira ingaruka ku jisho rimwe gusa.

Ibizamini byo gusuzuma indwara bishobora kuba birimo:

• Ikizamini cya Snellen: Ushobora kuba ubizi neza. Muganga wawe azagusaba gusoma inyuguti ku mbonerahamwe uri kure, inyuguti zigenda zigabanuka buhoro buhoro. Ibi bipima ubushobozi bwawe bwo kureba, cyangwa uko ubona neza imbere.
• Isuzuma ry'Umurima Ureba: Umurima wawe ureba ukubiyemo ibirenze ibiri imbere yawe gusa. Iki kizamini gipima ingano y'ibyo ushobora kubona ku mpande, hejuru no hepfo, mu gihe ukomeza guhanga amaso yawe ku gace k'imbere.

Ni ubuhe buryo bwo kuvura ubuhumyi buhari?

Ubuvuzi bushingiye ku mpamvu nyamukuru. Hari indwara zishobora gukemurwa hakoreshejwe imiti cyangwa indorerwamo. Ariko, niba kwangirika gukomeye cyangwa guhoraho, muganga wawe ashobora kukwohereza kugira ngo uvugurure amaso. Intego y'iyi gahunda ni ukugufasha kongera ubushobozi bwawe bwo kureba no kunoza ubuzima bwawe, bigatuma ukomeza kwigenga. Ibi akenshi bisaba amahugurwa yo kutabona neza, kuvura no gukoresha ibikoresho byihariye byo kutabona neza.

Uburyo bwo kuvura indwara zitandukanye z'amaso:

Bitewe n'impamvu n'ingano y'ibyangiritse, hari amahitamo arimo:

• Imiti: Hari indwara zimwe na zimwe zishobora kubangamira amaso zishobora kuvurwa n'imiti igabanya ubwandu.
• Kubaga Cataract: Akenshi, cataract ishobora kuvurwa neza binyuze mu kubagwa buri gihe.
• Gutera cornea: Iyo cornea yawe yangiritse cyangwa ifite inkovu, umuganga ubaga ashobora kuba yagutera cornea kugira ngo wongere ugire ubwiza.
• Kubaga retinal: Ubuhanga buhanitse bwo kubaga no kuvura hakoreshejwe laser akenshi bishobora gusana cyangwa gutuma ingirabuzimafatizo zangiritse zihagarara neza.
• Inyongeramusaruro za Vitamine: Inyongeramusaruro zishobora gufasha mu gusubiza inyuma ibibazo byo kutabona biterwa no kubura ubushobozi bwo kureba, nko kubura Vitamine A cyangwa ibindi bibazo by'amaso bifitanye isano no kugabanuka kwa vitamine B cyangwa D.

Ni gute wagabanya ibyago byo kutabona?

Nubwo hari impamvu zimwe na zimwe zitera ubuhumyi zidashobora kwirindwa, nyinshi zishobora kwirindwa.

Imiryango mpuzamahanga y’ubuzima irimo gukora cyane kugira ngo irandure ubuhumyi bushobora kwirindwa buterwa n’indwara nka Trachoma binyuze mu kwemeza ko babona imiti n’ubuvuzi.

Ku rwego rw'umuntu ku giti cye, ushobora kugabanya cyane ibyago byo kutabona ukoresheje izi ntambwe:

• Teganya ibizamini by'amaso buri gihe. Kurikiza inama za muganga wawe ku nshuro zo kwisuzumisha. Niba ubonye impinduka mu maso yawe cyangwa ukumva hari ikibazo, hita ugana inzobere mu by'amaso.
• Ambara indorerwamo cyangwa lensi zo mu bwoko bwa contact lenses nk'uko byategetswe.
• Niba urwaye diyabete, genzura isukari yawe mu maraso cyane. Nanone, fata neza umuvuduko w'amaraso ukabije.
• Ambara imyenda irinda amaso mugihe uri ku kazi, utwaye moto, cyangwa uri mu mikino irinda amaso. Ntukibagirwe kwambara indorerwamo z'izuba kugira ngo urinde imirasire y'izuba.
• Kurya indyo yuzuye kandi ijyanye n'ubuzima bwiza.
• Siporo buri gihe. Baza muganga wawe gahunda y'imyitozo ngororamubiri ijyanye n'ibyo ukeneye mu buzima bwawe.
• Komeza kugira ibiro bizima.
• Komeza umenye amateka y'ubuzima bw'umuryango wawe.
• Reka kunywa itabi. Niba utanywa itabi, ntugatangire.
• Itoze kugira isuku ukoresheje indorerwamo z'amaso. Buri gihe karaba intoki mbere yo kuzikoraho kugira ngo wirinde kwandura, kandi ukurikize neza gahunda yo kuzisimbuza yatanzwe n'umuganga wawe.

Ni iki wakwitega mu gihe ubana n'ikibazo cyo kutabona neza?

Niba ufite ikibazo cyo kutabona neza cyangwa kutabona neza, menya ko hari uburyo bwo kugufasha. Kwigisha ku bijyanye n'uburwayi bwawe ni intambwe ya mbere y'ingenzi.

Kutabona neza bizagira ingaruka kuri wewe gusa, ahubwo binagira ingaruka ku muryango wawe n'inshuti zawe. Bishobora kugira ingaruka ku kwimuka kwawe, ku bwigenge bwawe, ku kazi no ku myidagaduro yawe. Izi mpinduka zishobora kugorana cyane ku bantu bakuze.

Vugana n'umuganga w'amaso ku bijyanye na serivisi z'ubufasha n'ibikoresho bishobora kugufasha kubaho ufite ikibazo cyo kutabona neza. Izi serivisi zishobora kuba zirimo:

• Inkunga y'uburezi.
• Ubujyanama ku buzima bwo mu mutwe.
• Amahugurwa ku bumenyingiro mu mibereho ya buri munsi.
• Ikoranabuhanga n'amahugurwa ku bikoresho by'ubufasha.
• Uburyo bwo kwidagadura no kwidagadura.

Ni ryari wagombye kujya kwa muganga ku bijyanye n'ibibazo byo kutabona?

Shaka ubuvuzi bwihuse niba uhuye n'ibi bikurikira:

• Gutakaza ubushobozi bwo kureba butunguranye.
• Ububabare bukomeye bw'amaso.
• Igikomere icyo ari cyo cyose gishobora kugira ingaruka ku maso yawe.
• Kugaragara kw'urumuri rushya cyangwa kwiyongera kw'ibintu birebire mu rwego rwawe rwo kureba.

Ni ibihe bibazo ngomba kubaza muganga wanjye?

Ni ibisanzwe ko umuntu agira ibibazo byinshi mu gihe aganira ku buzima bw'amaso ye. Ushobora kubaza muganga wawe ibi bikurikira:

• Ese hari uburyo bwo kuvura indwara yo kutabona kwanjye buhari?
• Ese ndi umukandida mu igeragezwa ry'ubuvuzi ririho ubu?
• Niba ikibazo cyo kutabona kwanjye ari burundu, ni izihe serivisi zimfasha mu buzima bwa buri munsi?
• Ese ushobora gutanga inama ku itsinda rishinzwe gufasha abantu bafite impinduka mu miterere y'amaso?

Gusuzuma indwara ijyanye no kutabona bishobora kuba uburambe bw'amarangamutima bitewe n'ingaruka zikomeye bigira ku buzima bwawe. Gushyira imbere ubufasha bwawe bw'amarangamutima n'ubufasha bufatika ni ngombwa. Itsinda ryawe ry'ubuvuzi muri Nirogi Lanka riri hano kugira ngo risubize ibibazo byawe kandi riguhe ibikoresho ukeneye kugira ngo ukomeze kugira ubuzima bwiza bushoboka.

Incamake n'Ibintu by'ingenzi byafashwe

Nubwo ubumuga bwo kutabona ari ikibazo gikomeye cy’ubuvuzi, kumenya, kumenya hakiri kare no kubona ubuvuzi bwihariye ku gihe ni byo bikomeje kuba intambwe z’ingenzi mu gucunga ubuzima bw’amaso yawe.

Wibuke ko amaso yawe ari ingenzi cyane, kandi hari byinshi ushobora gukora kugira ngo uyarinde. Gusuzuma amaso buri gihe , kugira ubuzima bwiza, no gushaka inama zihuse kwa muganga igihe cyose habayeho ikimenyetso cya mbere cy'ikibazo ni ingenzi. Ntugatinye; uyu munsi, hari amakuru menshi n'ubufasha bw'inzobere bugufasha mu ntambwe zose z'urugendo.