Ubuhumyi: Ese ibi turabizi?

Amaso yawe ameze nk'amabuye y'agaciro, si byo se? Wakumva ute hagize ikiba kuri aya maso abiri kidufasha kubona isi? Uyu munsi tugiye kuvuga ku ngingo abantu benshi batinya, kandi ni ingenzi cyane. Iyo ni ugutakaza amaso burundu cyangwa igice, cyangwa nk'uko abaganga babyita, ubuhumyi. Hari igihe, iyo utakaje amaso yawe mu buryo butunguranye, biba ari ikibazo cyihutirwa, kandi ugomba gushaka inama z'abaganga vuba.

Ubuhumyi ni iki mu by'ukuri? Ubwoko bwabwo ni ubuhe?

Mu magambo make, ubuhumyi ni ukudashobora kubona ikintu icyo ari cyo cyose. Hari abantu bashobora no kutabona urumuri. Nanone, ubu buhumyi bushobora kudashobora kugaruka nubwo haba hari indorerwamo, indorerwamo z'amaso, ibinini by'amaso, cyangwa kubagwa. Noneho reka turebe ubwoko butandukanye bw'ubuhumyi.

1. Ubuhumyi bw'igice / Kutabona neza

Muri iki gihe, ufite ubushobozi bwo kureba. Ntabwo ari impumyi rwose, ariko ubushobozi bwo kureba buragabanuka cyane ku buryo bigorana gukora imirimo ya buri munsi. Abantu benshi banabyita "ubushobozi bwo kureba buke." Ushobora kubona inyuguti nini gusa, cyangwa ubushobozi bwo kureba buke bushobora kuba butagaragara neza.

2. Ubuhumyi bwuzuye

Iyi ni indwara idasanzwe cyane. Muri iyi ndwara, ntushobora kubona ikintu icyo ari cyo cyose cyangwa kumva urumuri.

3. Ubuhumyi bw'ivuka ryacu

Hari abana bavukana ubumuga bwo kutabona. Ibi bishobora guterwa n'indwara z'amaso n'iz'amaso, cyangwa izindi ngorane zibaho igihe cyo kuvuka.

4. Ubuhumyi bwemewe n'amategeko

Iri ni ijambo ry’ikoranabuhanga. Bivuze ko nubwo waba wambaye indorerwamo cyangwa contact lenses mu jisho ryawe ryiza, kureba kwawe hagati kugabanuka ku rwego runaka. Mu by’ukuri, kugira ngo ubone ikintu umuntu asanzwe abona ari muri metero 200, ugomba kugenda hafi ya metero 20, cyangwa ikintu kigomba gukuba inshuro icumi. Ibi ni byo byitwa `20/200` vision . Nanone, ushobora gufatwa nk'impumyi mu buryo bwemewe n'amategeko nubwo kureba kwawe mu mpande, ari na ko kureba ushobora kubona ku mpande, ari munsi ya dogere 20.

5. Ubuhumyi bw'imirire

Iki ni ikibazo kibabaje cyane. Iki kibazo giterwa no kubura Vitamine A. Iyo Vitamine A ikomeje kubura, ubuso bw'imbere bw'ijisho bushobora kwangirika. Ibi kandi byitwa `(Xerophthalmia)`. Si ibyo gusa, ahubwo no kureba bishobora kugabanuka nijoro cyangwa mu bihe by'urumuri ruto, kuko uturemangingo two muri retina tudakora neza.

Tekereza gato: mbega ukuntu ari ingenzi kurinda amaso yacu twita ku byo turya n'ibyo tunywa!

Reka twige bike ku bijyanye n'uburibwe bw'amabara.

Ushobora kuba warumvise iby’ “ubuhumyi bw’amabara.” Ibi ntabwo ari kimwe n’ubuhumyi twavuze mbere. Ni indwara aho ubona amabara mu buryo butandukanye n’ubw’abandi bantu. Ushobora kugira ingorane zo gutandukanya amabara amwe n’amwe. Ibi bishobora kuragwa, cyangwa bigakura mu gihe cy’izabukuru bitewe no kwangirika kwa retina cyangwa imitsi y’amaso. Iyo ubonye umukara, umweru, n’imvi gusa, iyi ndwara yitwa achromatopsia.

Ubuhumyi bushobora kwirindwa

Ibi bivuze ko ubuhumyi buterwa n'indwara ishobora kuvurwa, ariko umuntu ntavurwe. Akenshi, impamvu y'ibi ni ukubura uburyo bwo kwivuza amaso. Urugero, iyo umuntu urwaye diyabete "(Diabete Mellitus)" adavuwe neza, indwara ya retina iterwa na diyabete "(Diabete Retinopathy)" ishobora kurwara ikabura ubushobozi bwo kureba. Mu buryo nk'ubwo, iyo umuntu ufite umuvuduko ukabije w'amaraso "(Hypertension)" adavuwe, indwara ya retina iterwa n'umuvuduko ukabije w'amaraso "(Hypertensive Retinopathy)" ishobora kurwara.

Ubuhumyi bukunze kugaragara mu rugero rungana iki?

Mu by’ukuri, ubuhumyi ni ikintu kigaragara ku isi yose, ndetse no mu gihugu cyacu. Bishobora kubaho kuri buri wese. Imibare ivuga ko abantu bagera kuri miliyoni 43 ku isi barwaye ubuhumyi. Abandi bantu benshi bafite ubuhumyi bwo kutabona neza.

Ni ibihe bimenyetso bibanziriza ubuhumyi?

Mu buhumyi bukabije, ikimenyetso nyamukuru ni ukudashobora kubona ikintu icyo ari cyo cyose no kutamenya urumuri. Ariko, uko kureba bigenda bigabanuka buhoro buhoro, ibimenyetso nka:

• Kubona nabi.
• Kubabara amaso .
• Ireremba n'urumuri rw'urumuri.
• Kudakira urumuri (Photophobia).
• Gutakaza amaso mu buryo butunguranye, cyangwa kugaragara kw'ibizinga by'umukara imbere y'amaso.

Niba ubonye kimwe muri ibi bimenyetso, ugomba guhita ubonana na muganga, sibyo?

Kuki ubu buhumyi bubaho? Ni izihe mpamvu?

Hari impamvu nyinshi zitera ubuhumyi. Ibikomere by'amaso, indwara zandura, n'izindi ndwara zitandukanye byose bishobora kubitera.

1. Ibikomere by'amaso / Ihungabana ry'amaso

Hari uburyo bwinshi butandukanye bwo gukomereka kw'ijisho. Akenshi, bigira ingaruka ku jisho rimwe gusa.

• Ubushyuhe bw'imiti .
• Ibintu by'uburozi mu maso.
• Amakimbirane.
• Kubera ibintu nk'ibisuguti.
• Ibintu nk'impanuka no kugwa ku kazi.
• Impanuka z'ibinyabiziga.
• Impanuka mu gihe cyo gukina siporo.

Ibintu nk'ibi bishobora kwangiza amaso cyane no gutakaza ubushobozi bwo kureba.

2. Kwandura indwara n'ubuhumyi

Ubwandu butandukanye bushobora no gutera ubuhumyi, ndetse rimwe na rimwe n’ubuhumyi.

• Trakoma: Iyi ni yo mpamvu ikomeye itera ubuhumyi bushobora kwirindwa ku isi.
• Virusi ya Cytomegalovirus .
• Endophthalmitis : Indwara ikomeye imbere mu jisho.
• Histoplasmose.
• Keratite: Urugero, indwara ya cornea, Acanthamoeba Keratite.
• Rubela.
• Indwara ya Shingles: Indwara iterwa na virusi ya herpes zoster.
• Indwara ya syphilis.
• Toxoplasmose.
• Uveitis : Kubyimba k'urwego rwo hagati rw'ijisho (uvea).

3. Izindi ndwara zitandura

Ubuhumyi bushobora guterwa n'izindi ndwara, hatabayeho kwandura. Ariko, mu ndwara zimwe na zimwe, ibi bibaho gusa iyo indwara ikomeye cyane.

• Retinitis Pigmentosa: Iri ni itsinda ry'indwara zifata uturemangingo tw’urumuri muri retina. Uko indwara ikomeza, utwo turemangingo turangirika buhoro buhoro. Ubwa mbere, kureba nijoro biragabanuka, hanyuma kureba mu mpande z'umubiri kukabura.
• Kugabanuka k'amashusho ashingiye ku myaka (AMD): Ibi bigira ingaruka ku macula, igice cya retina cy'ingenzi ku kureba hagati. Iyo kureba hagati gutakaye cyane, ibintu nko gusoma ibitabo no kumenya amasura y'abantu biragorana cyane. Ariko, kureba impande akenshi birabungabungwa.
• Retinopathy y'abana bato (ROP): Ibi bigaragara ku bana bamwe na bamwe bavutse mbere y'igihe . Imitsi y'amaraso mu maso yabo ikura mu buryo budasanzwe, bigatuma inkovu zikora kandi zikangiza retina. Ibi bishobora gutuma umuntu atabona neza ndetse akanahuma.
• Indwara z'amaso: Indwara z'amaso ziterwa no gupfuka kw'indorerwamo z'amaso. Ibi bitera kutabona neza no kugabanuka k'ubuhanga. Iyo ibi bitavuwe no kubagwa, bishobora gutera ubuhumyi iyo birushijeho kuba bibi.
• Indwara ya diyabete yo mu bwonko:Iyi ndwara ishobora kubaho iyo imitsi y'amaraso mu jisho yangiritse ku muntu urwaye diyabete. Mu ntangiriro, kureba bishobora kugabanuka gato, ariko iyo indwara ikomeje cyangwa itaravurwa, ishobora gutera ubuhumyi.
• Glaucoma: Iyi ni indwara aho umutsi w’amaso wangiritse. Mu ntangiriro, kureba mu maso yombi bitangira kugabanuka, kandi uko indwara ikomeza, ubuhumyi bushobora kubaho.
• Leber Hereditary Optic Neuropathy: Iyi ni indwara ikwirakwira mu bwenge kandi ikomeza kubaho. Nta mpamvu izwi, yibasira abahungu kurusha abakobwa.
• Kubura amaso: Muri iki kibazo, ijisho rimwe cyangwa yombi riba ribuze kuva umwana avutse.
• Microphthalmos: Iyi ni indwara aho amaso avuka ari mato cyane. Hari igihe aya maso mato adakora neza, cyangwa ntakore na gato.
• Stroke: Stroke ishobora gutera ububabare bwo kureba iyo igice cy'ubwonko kigize uruhare mu kureba, nk'agace k'amaso, cyangiritse. Mu gihe cy'indwara yo kuribwa mu bwonko, amaraso ajya mu bwonko aragabanuka cyangwa agahagarara burundu.
• Kanseri: Kanseri z'amaso nka retinoblastoma cyangwa ibibyimba byo mu ruhu nabyo bishobora gutera ubuhumyi.
• Kubura intungamubiri: Kurya nabi nabyo bishobora gutuma umuntu atabona neza. Kubura Vitamine A ni imwe mu mpamvu zibitera. Vitamine B n'indi myunyu ngugu nabyo birakenewe kugira ngo umuntu arebe neza.

Ni gute wamenya ubuhumyi?

Muganga azasuzuma amaso yawe yombi witonze, kuko ubuhumyi bushobora kugira ingaruka ku jisho rimwe gusa. Ibi bizamini bishobora kuba birimo:

• Ikizamini cya Snellen: Ushobora kuba uzi iki. Muganga agusaba kureba ku kibaho kirimo inyuguti no gusoma imirongo y'inyuguti igenda igabanuka buhoro buhoro. Ibi bipima ubushobozi bwawe bwo kureba hagati, ari na bwo bushobozi bwawe bwo kureba.
• Isuzuma ry'aho ureba: Aho ureba ntabwo ari icyo ubona imbere gusa, ahubwo ni ikintu gipima ingano y'aho ureba impande, hejuru no hepfo hatabayeho kunyeganyeza amaso yawe.

Ni ubuhe buryo bwo kuvura ubuhumyi?

Ubwoko bw'ubuvuzi uhabwa buzaterwa n'uko urwaye. Hari ubwoko bw'ubuhumyi bushobora kugenzurwa n'imiti cyangwa indorerwamo. Ariko, hari indwara zimwe na zimwe, nko kutabona neza cyangwa kwangirika burundu kw'ijisho, ntizishobora kuvurwa. Muri ibyo bihe, muganga wawe ashobora kukwohereza mu kigo gishinzwe kuvura amaso. Intego ni ukugufasha kubona neza usigaye no kunoza ubuzima bwawe kugira ngo ukore imirimo ya buri munsi. Ibi akenshi bikorwa binyuze mu mahugurwa yihariye, ubuvuzi, n'ibikoresho byo kutabona neza.

Uburyo bwo kuvura indwara zitandukanye z'ubuhumyi:

Hari indwara z'ubuhumyi zimwe na zimwe zivurwa bitewe n'icyateye n'ingano y'ibyangiritse ku jisho.

• Imiti: Hari indwara z'ubuhumyi ziterwa n'indwara zishobora kuvurwa n'imiti igabanya ubwandu.
• Kubaga Cataract: Akenshi, cataract ishobora kuvurwa neza no kubagwa.
• Gutera cornea: Muganga ashobora gutera cornea nshya kugira ngo asimbure cornea yangiritse.
• Kubaga retinal: Kubaga cyangwa kuvurwa hakoreshejwe laser bishobora gusana ingirabuzimafatizo zangiritse.
• Inyongeramusaruro za Vitamine: Gufata Vitamine A bishobora gufasha mu gusubiza ibibazo bimwe na bimwe byo kutabona biterwa na xerophthalmia. Ibibazo byo kutabona biterwa no kurya nabi bishobora gusaba inyongeramusaruro za Vitamine B cyangwa Vitamine D.

Ni gute wagabanya ibyago byo kutabona?

Hari ubwoko bumwe na bumwe bw'ubuhumyi budashobora kwirindwa. Ariko, ubuhumyi bwinshi burahari. Za leta n'imiryango bimwe na bimwe birimo gukora kugira ngo bihagarike ubuhumyi buterwa n'indwara zishobora kwirindwa, nka trachoma. Barimo gukora imiti ikwirakwira cyane mu bice byinshi by'isi. Ku giti cyawe, hari ibintu ushobora gukora kugira ngo ugabanye ibyago byo guhuma igice cyangwa burundu:

• Jya usuzuma amaso yawe buri gihe . Kurikiza amabwiriza ya muganga wawe ku nshuro ugomba kwipimisha. Buri gihe jya kwa muganga w'amaso niba ubonye impinduka mu maso yawe cyangwa ubonye ikintu kidasanzwe mu maso yawe.
• Koresha indorerwamo zawe n'ama-contact lenses neza niba bibaye ngombwa.
• Niba urwaye diyabete, genzura urugero rw'isukari mu maraso yawe. Niba ufite umuvuduko ukabije w'amaraso, genzura nabyo.
• Ambara ibikoresho byo kwirinda mu gihe uri ku kazi, utwaye moto, cyangwa ukina siporo yo gukubitaho. Ntukibagirwe kwambara indorerwamo z'izuba.
• Kurya indyo yuzuye kandi ijyanye n'ubuzima bwiza.
• Kora imyitozo ngororamubiri ihagije. Baza muganga wawe gahunda y'imyitozo ngororamubiri ikubereye.
• Komeza kugira ibiro bizima bikubereye.
• Menya neza ibibazo by'ubuzima by'umuryango wawe.
• Niba unywa itabi, rihagarike, cyangwa ntuzaritangire.
• Buri gihe karaba intoki zawe iyo wambaye indorerwamo zo mu maso kugira ngo wirinde kwandura indwara z'amaso. Nanone, kurikiza amabwiriza y'inshuro ugomba kuzisimbuza.

Ni iki ushobora kwitega mu gihe ubana n'ubumuga bwo kutabona?

Niba uri impumyi burundu cyangwa igice cyayo, hari amahitamo ushobora kubona ubufasha. Kwiga byinshi uko ushoboye ku bijyanye n'uburwayi bwawe bishobora kugufasha. Kubana n'ubumuga bwo kutabona bigira ingaruka ku buzima bwawe n'ubw'umuryango wawe n'inshuti zawe. Bigira ingaruka ku buryo ugenda, uko wiyitaho, uko wita ku bandi, akazi kawe - ndetse n'uburyo uruhuka kandi ukishima. Bimwe muri ibi bibazo bishobora gukomera cyane ku bantu bakuze. Baza muganga wawe w'amaso uburyo bwo kugufasha kubaho ufite ikibazo cyo kutabona neza cyangwa kutabona neza na gato, cyangwa serivisi zishobora kugufasha. Izi serivisi zishobora kuba zirimo:

• Uburezi.
• Inkunga ku buzima bwo mu mutwe.
• Amahugurwa ku bumenyingiro.
• Amahugurwa ya tekiniki.
• Amahitamo yo kwishimisha.

Ni ryari wagombye kujya kwa muganga ku bijyanye n'ibibazo byo kutabona?

Shaka ubufasha bw'abaganga byihutirwa mu bihe bikurikira:

• Niba ugiye kubona mu buryo butunguranye.
• Niba ufite ububabare bw'amaso .
• Niba hari impanuka yagira ingaruka ku kureba kwawe.
• Niba utangiye kubona ibintu bishya biguruka imbere y'amaso yawe.

Ni ibihe bibazo ngomba kubaza muganga wanjye?

Uzaba ufite ibibazo byinshi byo kubaza muganga wawe. Ibi bishobora kuba birimo:

• Ese ubu bumuga bushobora kuvurwa?
• Ese nujuje ibisabwa kugira ngo nkore igeragezwa ry’ubuvuzi?
• Niba ubu bumuga budashobora kuvurwa, ni izihe serivisi nzakenera?
• Ese ushobora gutanga inama ku itsinda rishinzwe ubufasha?

Kumva ko urwaye ubumuga bwo kutabona bishobora kugutera agahinda kenshi, bitewe n’ingaruka bigira ku buzima bwawe. Ni ngombwa kandi ni ingirakamaro kubona ubufasha bwose ukeneye. Itsinda ryawe ry’abaganga rirahari kugira ngo rigusubize ibibazo byawe kandi riguhe ibikoresho ukeneye kugira ngo ugire ubuzima bwiza bushoboka.

Incamake n'ibintu byo kwibuka

Nubwo ubuhumyi ari indwara ikomeye, ni ngombwa cyane kubimenya, kubimenya hakiri kare, no gushaka ubuvuzi bukenewe.

Wibuke ko amaso yawe ari ingenzi cyane. Hari ibintu byinshi ushobora gukora kugira ngo uyarinde. Gusuzuma amaso buri gihe , kugira ubuzima bwiza, no gushaka inama kwa muganga hakiri kare niba ubonye ikibazo ni byo byingenzi. Ntugahangayike, ushobora kubona ubufasha n'amakuru ukeneye kugira ngo uhangane n'ikintu icyo ari cyo cyose muri iyi minsi.